Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to identify the essence of intellectual capital as a specific factor in the creative activity of economic agents in the modern economy. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the search for the qualitative certainty of the “intellectual” phenomenon, as well as the dialectical relationship between the objective and the subjective in the analysis of modern economics. The following results of the conducted logical-epistemological analysis, containing elements of scientific novelty, are proposed: first, the essence of the intellect is defined as a moral and mental form of the human mind; second, the most important aspects of the critical increase in complexity in the modern economy are noted, which predetermines the actualization of the spiritual and moral form of human capital with the corresponding “transfer” of the current scientific paradigm; third, an interpretation of the essence of intellectual capital as a systemic factor of creative activity has been developed within the framework of the requirements of the principles of humanism, goodness and justice. The scientific and practical significance of the key provisions of the article consists in the imperative of expanded reproduction of the intellectual form of modern human capital as a factor basis of the spiritual and moral vector of socio-economic development.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of mechanisms for circumventing unilateral economic restrictions that oil and gas companies in the Russian Federation are currently facing. The features of economic restrictions, their impact on the activities of the oil and gas industry in the modern world, and the mechanisms available to oil and gas companies to bypass restrictions are considered. It is shown that the introduction of a digital ruble, through which it will be possible to carry out transactions with foreign counterparties, has a great potential for circumventing unilateral economic restrictions. In addition, it is important to create an innovative ecosystem for managing the oil and gas industry, which includes scientific research, the development of new technologies, robotics and the integration of digital technologies into the organizational and technological processes of oil and gas companies. The article presents an assessment of the risks and benefits associated with the use of mechanisms to circumvent economic restrictions, as well as a set of recommendations for oil and gas companies that plan to use these mechanisms. The research methods were statistical and graphical methods, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The article contains both theoretical analysis and practical aspects of circumventing unilateral economic restrictions.

Annotation: This article summarizes the interim results of the implementation of the import substitution policy in the Russian Federation and determines the prospects for further development. The analysis made it possible to determine that by the beginning of 2022, no noticeable results had been achieved in this direction. The authors note that in the current realities, the implementation of the Russian import substitution policy was complicated by external political pressure on the one hand, and accelerated under such influence on the other. Under these conditions, the development of the idea of import substitution received a powerful incentive. However, these processes do not occur uniformly in all sectors of the economy. Along with the leaders (agriculture, transport industry, etc.), there are outsider industries (IT-industry, chemical industry, etc.). In conclusion, the authors consider three scenarios for the further development of the import substitution policy and determine that for its successful implementation it is necessary to focus on the most important sectors for the country’s economic security.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of cryptocurrency in modern conditions, to the consideration of its role, significance, dynamics of use and possibilities for further use in our country. The advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency as a means of payment, considered the development trends of cryptocurrency in Russia and in the world were investigated in the article. An analysis of the cryptocurrency market was conducted by the authors, as a result of which a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the use of cryptocurrency in our country. The domestic and world experience in regulating cryptocurrencies was analyzed (on the example of Japan, Estonia, Singapore, Switzerland, Germany, the USA), in the context of which the legal mechanism for regulating payments using cryptocurrencies was studied. It was concluded that it is developed insufficiently and needs the development of further legislative measures. Possible directions for the development of cryptocurrency and prospects for their development were proposed in the study.

Annotation: The purpose of writing the article is to develop an organizational and managerial model for providing services in the system of long-term care for older people, taking into account regional experience (Stavropol krai, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts). The subject of the study is the regional experience of the system of long-term care for people over the working age. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system of long-term care for elderly people. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis, statistical, graphical method. The analysis was based on statistical data from the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Stavropol Krai, the Ministry of Social Policy of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Vladimir Oblast, the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as scientific developments of domestic theorists and practitioners on the subject of the study. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the introduction and dissemination of a long-term care system at the regional level is one of the priority and fundamental tasks of our country. Support for older citizens at the state level should be implemented through the development of social infrastructure, as well as improving the availability and quality of social care services provided.