Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article prioritizes low-carbon development measures for the Russian Federation through industrial moderni- zation and energy efficiency improvements. The sectoral structure of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is examined using the National Inventory Report. Using a comparative analysis of technologies, the dominant emission sources requiring priority action were identified. Measures for reducing emissions from enterprises are systematized, including the utilization of secondary energy resources, improved equipment efficiency, carbon dioxide capture, and the reduction of leaks in systems. Implementation constraints related to carbon dioxide handling infrastructure, the capital intensity of projects, and the requirements for measurability and verification of results are highlighted. Feasibility conditions are formulated and logic for selecting measures by emission sources is proposed. It has been noted that the use of carbon capture technologies is economically less preferable in some cases than reducing emissions by improving energy efficiency and replacing used energy resources. The conclusion is that proactive development of energy infrastructure is necessary to prevent an increase in emissions.

Annotation: The article examines the transformation of the Indian labor market in the face of global economic chal- lenges. It examines employment dynamics and the structure of unemployment in contemporary India, analy- ses key trends in labor relations, and highlights the specifics of labor market interactions between India and Russia. This article emphasizes the critical importance of studying demographic factors and structural imbalances in the Indian labor market. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of “jobless growth”, gender imbalance, and high youth unemployment. Prospects for Russian-Indian cooperation in the field of human resources are analyzed, including employment opportunities for Indian specialists in Russia and the development of high-tech industries in India. Recommendations are made to improve employment regulation mechanisms and increase the efficiency of labor resource use. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing India’s labor market challenges, taking into account internal struc- tural characteristics and opportunities for international cooperation. The study highlights the importance of further developing partnerships between Russia and India to create an effective employment system and realize the potential of both countries.

Annotation: The article examines banking mechanisms of housing construction savings as an instrument for financing housing construction in Kazakhstan. The theoretical foundations of the housing construction savings system are analyzed, which is based on a combination of savings and credit mechanisms of bank financing for housing acquisition. Particular attention is paid to the role of banking institutions in the formation of long-term financial resources for the development of housing construction. The study evaluates the economic efficiency of the housing con- struction savings system and its impact on the development of the construction industry, the expansion of bank lending opportunities for the population, and the improvement of housing affordability. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific research, the key advantages of this model are identified, including the formation of a sustainable resource base for banks, the reduction of credit risks, and the stimulation of investment activity in the housing sector. The main constraints on the development of the system related to institutional and market factors are identified. Directions for improving the banking mechanisms of housing construction savings are proposed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of housing construction financing and expanding their role in the development of the national housing market.

Annotation: The article examines the systemic challenges that Russia’s innovation environment faces in the era of global digital transformation and external constraints. An analysis of international rankings (Global Innovation Index, Nature Index) reveals the Russian Federation’s systemic lag in key innovation development indicators. Based on statistical data from Rosstat, the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and expert assess- ments, the article identifies underlying structural problems in Russia’s innovation sector, including high import dependence in many critical sectors, insufficient commercialization of R&D, a shortage of private funding, personnel imbalances, institutional contradictions, and growing digital inequality across regions. It is shown that sanctions pressure has exposed and exacerbated these systemic dysfunctions. It is concluded that systemic modernization of the national innovation system and its adaptation to the conditions of digital transformation are necessary to ensure technological sovereignty, which requires a transition from targeted measures to a com- prehensive strategy of structural transformation.

Annotation: The article examines the features of the modern online pharmaceutical market and identifies future trends in the global and Russian pharmaceutical markets related to the development of online sales and customers’ desire for quick checkout and ease of purchase. Based on secondary data from specialized agencies and research firms, comparative analysis, and a review of the regulatory framework governing the pharmaceutical market, the authors identify trends in the development of the Russian and global online pharmaceutical sector. They also characterize the development model of the Russian pharmaceutical market in comparison with Western and Asian models. Based on an empirical study conducted using an online survey of 200 respondents, the authors conclude that in the country, purchases of over-the-counter drugs by young target audiences on marketplaces and online phar- macies are only gaining popularity, and consumers are skeptical about purchasing medicines. The results of the study are relevant for further research into consumers’ positive or negative attitudes toward online purchases.