Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the development of telemedicine in the BRICS countries, which account for more than 40% of the world’s population. Significant scientific and practical interest is associated with the global growth of digitalization of healthcare, with the proven effectiveness of remote medical care. Different socio-economic challenges, a variety of regulatory approaches, various technological innovations, the political significance and potential of international cooperation between the BRICS countries make it possible to identify the best medical practices and adapt them to the system. In international cooperation on healthcare develop- ment, BRICS acts as a platform for data exchange and joint projects, making it possible to reduce dependence on Western technologies. The article presents the main achievements, limitations, and prospects for using telemedicine consultations in five key BRICS countries. The study of telemedicine in the BRICS countries is relevant not only for these countries, but also for the entire community, as it allows comparing the effectiveness of different models in similar socio-economic conditions, identifies universal solutions for emerging markets, and promotes the sustainable development of medicine.

Annotation: The article provides a comparative analysis of the investment policies of the Russian Federation and a number of countries with significant experience in countering the sanctions regime in order to identify the key principles and mechanisms for successful adaptation of national economies to external restrictions. The cases of Iran, China, Myanmar, Venezuela and Russia are examined. It has been established that the key factors in economic sustainability under sanctions are geographical diversification of foreign economic relations, liberalization of economic policy to attract foreign investment, and balanced use of raw material exports. The analyzed success- ful strategies of the countries showed that their key elements were long-term planning, development of domestic production capacities and establishment of multilateral international partnerships. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of state policy to counter sanctions pressure, in particular, in the forming of a strategy for foreign economic activity, improvement of the investment climate, and determination of technological policy.

Annotation: The disappearance of the Aral Sea is a consequence of inefficient water management, as well as climate change, which creates new challenges for the region and leads to serious problems in the use of water resources. How- ever, international experience shows that despite the successful application of the paid water use mechanism, irrigated agriculture still requires significant government subsidies. Because the volume of necessary invest- ments in many regions is much higher than the financial capabilities of farmers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of managing the agricultural water supply system in the Central Asian region and identify ways to increase the sustainability of irrigation infrastructure. The study applied economic, statistical, factor and comparative analysis methods, as well as methods of generalizing conclusions, aimed at studying the eco- nomic, social and environmental aspects of water management and irrigated agriculture. A descriptive analysis of the state of water management in the region was carried out, the effectiveness of mechanisms for managing transboundary water resources and attracting investments was considered. As a result, the study showed that the current state of irrigated agriculture has led to a significant decrease in the volume of water entering the Aral Sea, a decrease in the area of agricultural land due to soil salinity, as well as depletion of water resources. The main beneficiaries of investments in irrigation systems are state bodies of the water and agricultural industries, as well as farming and peasant farms. It is necessary to attract investment, as well as measures to support farms that will ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The introduction of PPP mechanisms will ensure the long-term development of irrigation infrastructure and the rational use of water resources.

Annotation: The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of trade financing in Zambia, as well as an exploration of the opportunities for deepening Russian-Zambian cooperation. Special attention is paid to the access of small and medium-sized enterprises to financial instruments, institutional and infrastructure barriers, and the existing gap between supply and demand in the trade financing market. The role of digital technologies is considered, including the introduction of blockchain platforms and mobile ap- plications, as well as the impact of regulatory reforms aimed at reducing security requirements and simplifying procedures. The second part of the article focuses on the historical basis of trade and economic relations between Russia and Zambia and identifies key areas for their further development, including agriculture, energy, min- ing, and education. It is noted that the strategic partnership can contribute to the diversification of the Zambian economy, reduce dependence on copper exports and create new growth points. Additionally, the importance of educational and personnel initiatives that provide training for joint projects is emphasized. It is concluded that there is a need for institutional strengthening, the development of modern trade support mechanisms and the implementation of strategic joint projects.

Annotation: This article examines Russia’s role in BRICS economic cooperation through institutional and real-sector channels during 2015–2025. Using content analysis of strategic documents alongside statistical examination of financial and trade indicators, the study evaluates Russia’s engagement with the New Development Bank and Contingent Reserve Arrangement, as well as bilateral trade dynamics with BRICS partners. Russia holds 20 % NDB equity with USD 4,7–5 billion in approved projects, though operations were suspended in 2022. Within the CRA, Rus- sia contributes USD 18 billion but the mechanism remains unused. Comparative analysis of BRICS strategic documents (2016–2024) and Russian policy frameworks confirms alignment on multipolar financial architecture, infrastructure development, digital economy integration, and alternative settlement systems. However, structural asymmetries particularly Russia’s growing dependence on China for trade and logistics constrain deeper integra- tion. The study concludes that Russia’s strategic priorities center on expanding NDB project pipelines, develop- ing interoperable payment infrastructure for local currency settlements, and targeting high-multiplier sectoral projects in transport, energy technology, and industrial cooperation. These findings contribute empirical evidence on Russia’s evolving position within BRICS amid geopolitical restructuring and Western sanctions pressure.