Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The state regulation of tariffs is effected in the water supply industry. Its goal is in equal measure ensure the interests of consumers (quality and price) and the development of the industry. Statistical data from 2010 to 2018 indicate that goals have not been achieved: there is no significant improvement in the technical condition of the water supply network, the annual share of replaced water supply networks in their total volume in Russia is 1.1 % (the recommended standard is 4 %), and the net loss of water supply companies is 11.75 billion rubles. First of all, this situation is determined by the used regulation methods. In the same time the health and well-being of about 120 million Russian people directly depends on the stable functioning of the water supply sector. In this regard, the authors are considering the possibility of introducing yardstick pricing for water supply services. It is based on mechanisms to stimulate operating and investment activities. This will increase the water service industry efficiency. However, at present, in the Russian context, the introduction of yardstick pricing is impossible. This is based on a comparison of Russian and foreign practice. At the same time, the yardstick regulation introduction is necessary. Therefore, based on the analysis and synthesis of data, the authors identified avenue of approach to change the Russian water supply organizations data harvesting to ensure the possibility of introducing yardstick methods. In particular, the article defines the need to amend the regulations and the composition of the disclosed indicators, the use of the FSIS EIAS system as a platform for disclosure. In conclusion, the authors recommended revising the financing of investment programs of water supply organizations separately from their operating costs.

Annotation: The article examines the problems and issues of assessing the factors that affect the financial results of a telecommunications company. On the example of one of the largest companies, the assessment of factors was carried out, the applied assessment methods were considered. The analysis of the environment of indirect and direct impact is carried out using the research of consumers, suppliers, competitors. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that all the main indicators and their dynamics directly depend on the company’s customers, and are also subject to changes from external factors. The article also identifies the competitive advantages and strategic opportunities of the telecommunications market. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of methods for analyzing financial results is presented. The main goal of the study is to determine the degree of influence of financial results on the activities of companies in the telecommunications industry. In the course of the study, generalizing conclusions and conclusions are drawn about the features of the assessment of financial results.

Annotation: The state tariff policy in the field of district heating is the activity of government institutions aimed at the formation of an economically justified level of tariffs, which should ensure a balance of interests of all participants in the heat market. To this end, the authors of the article evaluated the current regulation methods and the results of their application. This paper reveals that until now, all segments of district heating have experienced economic and technological decline. Annual total losses for heat supply enterprises are estimated at 85–100 billion rubles. Investment and repair programs of heating grid enterprises are not able to provide normative values for the renewal of heating networks (actual indicators are two times lower than the standard). There is a low load of thermal power plants with a combined generation of electric and thermal energy (the installed capacity utilization factor (ICUF) is at the level of 30 %). This creates the prerequisites for an additional tariff load on consumers of centralized heat supply systems in terms of equipment maintenance. On the statistics basis, the authors determined that the tariff policy pursued by the state is not able to provide the necessary balance of interests in the heat supply markets. Therefore, the authors proposed a phased introduction of a new model for the functioning of heat energy markets with a fundamentally new method of setting tariffs using the “no more expensive than alternative sources of heat” method. It will make it possible to radically change the current difficult financial and technological situation in all segments of heat supply. In conclusion, the authors determined that with the new format of economic relations in the thermal energy markets, the regulatory environment will require new approaches to information disclosure standards in order to increase the transparency of the operation of industry enterprises.

Annotation: The study of global financial crises should help not only to understand their causes of crises but also helps to teach economists to quickly and painlessly get out of them. Society strives to improve the quality and standard of its life, all this is achieved through sustainable economic growth. It should be noted that the long-term economic growth is not uniform, and there are constant periods of economic instability. The economy has the property of cyclicality, which implies crises, growth and decreases. Society and the state always strive for the peak of economic development. However the country’s economy cannot always be at its peak as after a growth recessions always occur. Almost every country suffers from global financial crises but it is worth noting that the degree of its influence on the country’s economy depends only on how strongly the country is developed. An economic crisis is a situation in the national economy when there is a sharp decline in production. When an imbalance occurs in economic relations, a crisis occurs in the economy. Studying various directions in the economy, various reasons for the emergence of the crisis are identified. For example, the Austrian school believes that the causes of crises are the accumulation of erroneous investments when information is distorted in the market, and market participants invest in losing assets. According to Karl Marx, the market is oversaturated for market economy reasons, as well as for the producers’ desire to increase profits, thereby creating overproduction.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the role of Russia in the world market for the production and export of liquefied natural gas. The author conducts a study of the role of Russia in the export market for pipeline natural gas, identifying features and changes for the period from 1985 to 2019. The analysis of the role of Russia in the liquefied natural gas export market is carried out, with an analysis of the dynamics of changes in the share and volume of exports, as well as factors influencing the change in the role of Russia in the global LNG market. A study of the dynamics of growth of exports and imports of liquefied natural gas by various countries of the world for the period 2000–2019 is carried out, on the basis of which the authors draw conclusions about the current process of the formation of the world LNG market, which has significant prospects for further development and structural transformation, as well as the potential for the participation of new players, primarily Russia.