Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: This article examines the development of the Danish economy, which is clearly working well. Growth was at its fastest in a decade last year, and the output gap seemed to narrow for the first time since the global financial crisis. The labor market has strengthened, and opportunities are being constrained in the financial sectors. Wage growth is consistent with productivity while inflation remains subdued. The financial situation continues to improve, and the public debt remains stable. This article contains figures and tables for several years. Key financial vulnerabilities include high levels of household debt amid high property valuations after a long period of weak financial conditions. There were also signs of risk in some sectors, such as commercial real estate, Taxation in Denmark is based on tax obligations under domestic law as an ordinary tax resident or non-resident. Denmark’s financial protection system and crisis management system, including Bank rehabilitation, have improved significantly.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of assessing the effectiveness of customs authorities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as possible solutions to problems in the digital environment. Digitalization of the Russian economy dictates the need to study the activities of customs authorities in the context of their functional purpose on the basis of new approaches that should reflect aspects of budget filling, economic security of the Russian Federation, information and analytical activities, etc. in the new information environment. Digital representation and provision of information today represents a new trend in the development of the world community, which becomes the basis for improving the economic efficiency of any organization. To date, the use of digital information technologies provides a functional component of all technological, foreign economic operations of customs authorities. The study of the digital approach to the content and assessment of the activities of customs authorities is natural and obvious, as it is caused by the requirements of the current information environment. This is primarily due to the fact that in modern conditions in the activities of the customs service, not only the Declaration flow of electronic format is increasing, but also the powers of the electronic Declaration centers themselves are increasing. Russia’s rapid integration into the global economic space is based, among other things, on the digitalization of the customs service, which will increase the efficiency of its activities with a positive effect on the Russian economy as a whole and on all participants in foreign economic transactions. Improving the system for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of customs authorities should consider the ongoing changes and, accordingly, will increase the level of management efficiency.

Annotation: The paper examines the impact of the environmental agenda on global trade processes, including the area of rulemaking, on the example of the influence of EU Carbon Border Tax on Russian external economic activity. It is suggested that such restrictions become a harbinger of a new global economic reality, since the transition of the rule-making initiative in the field of green economy to European states, which is not formally prohibited by the WTO rules, presents an opportunity for the development of protectionism and the introduction of barriers for goods produced not in accordance with environmental standards. Possible threats to the introduction of the EU carbon tax for Russia, whose industry is characterized by a high level of carbon intensity, are investigated, among which the loss of both European trading partners and Asian markets are noted. The article notes the inevitability of the negative impact of the environmental agenda on the sustainable development of Russia in the short term, as well as the long-term benefits of restructuring the economic model. This study examines the context and possible scenarios for the implementation of the EU Carbon Border Tax and suggests measures to improve energy efficiency and competitiveness of Russian exporters, considering the current context of decarbonization in Russia.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to analyze the competitiveness of Germany and the Russian Federation, identifying the most problematic factors that adversely affect the country‘s economy. In the process of research used general scientific methods, methods of statistical analysis. In the course of the study, an analysis of the competitiveness of the Russian Federation and Germany was carried out, and problematic factors that adversely affect the country‘s economy were identified. The authors proposed options for improving various sectors of the economy, in order to improve the competitiveness of the country. The results are aimed at accelerating the socio-economic development of the economy of the Russian Federation, increasing the level of competitiveness of the country in relation to other countries of the world. The Russian Federation is a state that is located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, has developed climatic conditions, powerful fuel and energy, energy and production and technical potential, but in terms of the level of competitiveness of the country‘s economy is only 38th, which is why be an important increase in the competitiveness of a country‘s economy. World practice has shown that in countries with a higher level of economic competitiveness, goods are produced, and services are provided that can compete both in the domestic market and in the external market. And, also in countries with a higher level of competitiveness of the country, there is a high welfare of the nation. Research in assessing the level of competitiveness is the World Economic Forum, which annually publishes a report on the analysis of the competitiveness of all countries of the world [1]. So, Loskutova M.V. allocates a number of resources with which you can improve the competitiveness of the Russian Federation [2]. Shul MI, notes the prerequisites that hinder the development of the competitiveness of the Russian economy [3]. AP Zaostrovtsev, singles out the institutional problems of developing the competitiveness of the Russian economy [4].

Annotation: Background. Today copper industry occupies one of the key positions in the world industry. Meanwhile, in recent years, the world market has problems of price instability and lower demand for copper, which led to the formation of its surplus. Now foreign companies are trying to neutralize the negative situation, reduce production volumes, but the Russian largest representatives of the copper industry, are planning to increase it in anticipation of a gradual increase in prices. The article provides an overview of current trends in the copper industry, show the keys companies-representatives in Russia and in worldwide. The purpose of this study is to assess the elasticity of demand for the products of the copper industry in Russia in the international market, determine whether there is a potential for sales growth in Russian companies overseas. Materials and methods. The realization of the objectives achieved by comparing the data of official state statistics and calculations of the expert community. The study used the methods of retrospective analysis, graphics, and induction. Results. The authors assessed the elasticity of demand for the products of the copper industry in Russia at the international level. In 2014-2016, the demand for the price is elastic, but in the context of consumer countriesfar abroad and the CIS in 2016, this condition is’ not met. According to the authors, it is advisable for Russian exporters of copper products to strengthen their positions in the world market to focus on foreign countries and above all, in China.