Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: The article examines the causal relationships of the impact of culture as a phenomenon and system on the emergence and evolution of new institutions in the political sphere of public relations. The author studies the cultural phenomenon, the laws by which it is created by society, acquires certain independent properties, adapts to a particular historical moment of time and space. The basis for case-crossover analysis of cultural changes that took place in Russia at a certain stage of development is the period of the late 19th and early 20th century, the experience of the Ryazan governorate in creating new political traditions and the forming of people’s representation in the State Duma of Russia. The author gives an assessment of the transactional impact of the accumulated experience of political phenomena of the initial stage of the development of forms of democracy on the present state and the implementation of this principle in the Russian state. Conclusions are formulated about the role of cultural heritage in the effective functioning of existing social institutions and governance mechanisms of the state.

Annotation: The article describes the main stages of the genesis of the bureaucratic apparatus in Russia in the XVIII century. The purpose of the author is to highlight the political activities of the Russian government aimed at establishing the structure, organization and activities of local officials in the specified period on the example of the Ryazan Governorate. This topic is relevant in the context of increasing public interest in the effectiveness of the functioning of the state apparatus of Russia and its enhancement. Noteworthy are the events of Peter I and especially Catherine II, which led to the formation of officialdom at the level of governorates and uyezds. On the basis of the material of primary sources, the author considers the creation of the system of local institutions. In conclusion, it is said that the provincial reform of 1775 created the legal basis for the forming of the local bureaucratic apparatus of Russia. This conclusion, in turn, leads to further research interest in order to draw historical parallels and a comparative analysis of the bureaucratic apparatus of Russia of past eras and the present.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of illegal interest and its role in qualifying the abuse of the right. The coverage of legitimate interest in legislation and judicial practice is considered. It is noted, that the legislator pays quite a lot of attention to the protection of legitimate interests in many legal acts, but does not give it legislative consolidation. The interpretation of this definition by the courts has a different character and does not always coincide. At the same time, illicit interest is a criterion for determining the most important legal category of abuse of the right. The presence of an unlawful interest of a person indicates his/her intention to violate the rights of other persons or bad faith behavior expressed in an indifferent attitude to the violation of the rights of participants in legal relations. The article also identified the distinctive features of a legitimate interest and defined the boundaries of its determination by the courts. Based on the results, a definition of abuse of the right is drawn up, which emphasizes the role of illegal interest in this legal category.

Annotation: The article analyzes the provisions of the most significant, from a historical point of view, statutes regulating the relations that developed in connection with the violation of law and order and, as a consequence, causing losses. The study of the transformational features of the relations of harm caused by evolutionary processes is carried out. In the course of a brief study the authors come to the conclusion that the regulation of damages was ensured by fixing appropriate measures of adverse impact on the violator in various acts of authorities, but only in the second half of the XIX century this institution began to acquire the features of a truly legal one. These conclusions, in turn, determine further research interest in order to conduct scientific parallels and comparative analyses of the category under study in the framework of subsequent epochs, including modernity. It allows us to form ideas about the specificities of the evolution of legislative thought regarding the institution of compensation for damages with an explanation of the grounds for establishing a legal regime for damages at the present stage of development of Russian society and the state.

Annotation: The purpose of this article is to reveal the fundamental importance of the forming of the idea of sustainable development as a worldview and paradigm of enduring cultural value. This does not mean underestimating the practical problems that need to be solved. However, if you start with them without creating a solid conceptual foundation, the idea of sustainability can repeat the fate of many bright ideas, the implementation of which began with great enthusiasm and ended in disappointment with dire consequences. This means that we must begin with the creation of a stable consonance of the spirit of the revolution with the revolution of the spirit. The Eurasian project provides an excellent opportunity for this. Sustainable development includes not only the economy, ecology and just society, but also spirituality, which raises responsibility to a sustainable moral imperative. The only possible perspective for Europe is substantiated – the creation of a humanistic civilization as a model, functioning as a fatherland of nations. The main aspects of sustainable development are economic, environmental, social and spiritual ones. Sustainability cannot be achieved at all if one of these aspects is neglected.