Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article considers the synergistic effect of the implementation of the sustainable development concept in the process of creating lean management on the basis of multi-industry enterprises in Russia, as well as the role and specificity of popular ESG ratings in the activities of domestic companies. The study raises the problem of the lack of a single legislatively established methodology for rating organizations implementing the principles of sustainable development, as well as the regulatory and legal consolidation of such ranking approaches. The subject of this article is the process of embedding the concept of sustainable development, its tools and ratings in lean management of companies that seek to optimize production in accordance with national projects, improve their financial and non-financial indicators. The results of the work are the analyzed specifics of the forming of popular domestic ESG ratings, the dynamics of the implementation of the national project “Labor Productivity”, the clarification of the concept of “lean management”, and proposed approaches to improving the efficiency of implementing the principles of lean production and sustainable development in the social sphere. Research meth- ods are analysis, comparison, synthesis, induction, systematization. The scientific study was conducted as part of the implementation of the project “A Complex of Podcasts Reflecting the Experience of Domestic Companies in Implementing the ESG Agenda” with the support of a grant from the Moscow Witte University, the results of which were presented on January 27, 2025.

Annotation: The progressive generation of anthropogenic wastes that degrade the biological viability of the carriers of the phenomenon of life is postulated. It is noted that the current level of waste recycling is 2 times lower than the threshold of sustainability with a progressive downward trend. The catastrophic situation with the disposal of the progressive volume of anthropogenic waste and attempts to resolve it indicate the failure of institutional functionalism. Therefore, the task is reduced to the management of the utilization of anthropogenic waste in socio-economic systems as carriers of institutional functionalism. In order to solve the problem, anthropogenic waste is defined as multicomponent, heterogeneous and anisotropic systems with physicochemical and biologi- cal chaos. The trend of transition of anthropogenic waste structures to the nanoscale level is revealed, which devalues the efforts to sel ect them. It is shown that the deposition and heat treatment of waste is another “multibillion dead end”, aggravated by the fundamental lack of scientifically substantiated permissible burdens on the phenomenon of life as a whole. Therefore, waste recycling is defined as a criterion for the resistance of the phenomenon of life to endogenous and exogenous disturbances. Recycling is implemented in the “Shapovalov model of nanodestruction”, which was awarded an international award back in 2009: “destruction of waste matter into nano-sized particles and the forming of a marketable product fr om it”. Waste recycling by nanode- struction forms a fundamentally new nature of social self-organization based on closed circulation of matter. Negative feedback is generated, compensating for the growth of waste by the growth of resource potential. The basis for the creation of highly efficient both production facilities and individual devices for recycling waste by nanodestruction is revealed. The tectonic democracy of equality of all in the eye of natural truths formed the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to waste recycling management in socio-economic systems by the circulation of matter. The proposed scientific and methodological approach initiates the resolution of the progressive degradation of the biological consistency of the phenomenon of life at the state level.

Annotation: This article presents a comparative analysis of the global payment system SWIFT and China’s CIPS system, designed for cross-border yuan settlements. The authors examine the historical development, functional capa- bilities, and current status of both systems. Particular attention is given to SWIFT’s advantages (global reach, universality) and its vulnerabilities (dollar dependence, political risks). The study provides a detailed analysis of CIPS’ objectives: reducing reliance on Western financial systems, promoting the yuan as an international currency, and safeguarding against sanctions. The technological features of the Chinese payment system are investigated, including its integrated clearing and settlement functions, adoption of the ISO 20022 standard, and potential integration with the digital yuan. The authors evaluate CIPS’ current limitations (narrow currency focus, smaller participant network) and its development prospects. The conclusion suggests a probable scenario of parallel coexistence, where CIPS will carve out a niche in yuan-denominated and alternative transactions without fully replacing SWIFT in the foreseeable future

Annotation: The article provides a comparative analysis of the investment policies of the Russian Federation and a number of countries with significant experience in countering the sanctions regime in order to identify the key principles and mechanisms for successful adaptation of national economies to external restrictions. The cases of Iran, China, Myanmar, Venezuela and Russia are examined. It has been established that the key factors in economic sustainability under sanctions are geographical diversification of foreign economic relations, liberalization of economic policy to attract foreign investment, and balanced use of raw material exports. The analyzed success- ful strategies of the countries showed that their key elements were long-term planning, development of domestic production capacities and establishment of multilateral international partnerships. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of state policy to counter sanctions pressure, in particular, in the forming of a strategy for foreign economic activity, improvement of the investment climate, and determination of technological policy.

Annotation: The disappearance of the Aral Sea is a consequence of inefficient water management, as well as climate change, which creates new challenges for the region and leads to serious problems in the use of water resources. How- ever, international experience shows that despite the successful application of the paid water use mechanism, irrigated agriculture still requires significant government subsidies. Because the volume of necessary invest- ments in many regions is much higher than the financial capabilities of farmers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of managing the agricultural water supply system in the Central Asian region and identify ways to increase the sustainability of irrigation infrastructure. The study applied economic, statistical, factor and comparative analysis methods, as well as methods of generalizing conclusions, aimed at studying the eco- nomic, social and environmental aspects of water management and irrigated agriculture. A descriptive analysis of the state of water management in the region was carried out, the effectiveness of mechanisms for managing transboundary water resources and attracting investments was considered. As a result, the study showed that the current state of irrigated agriculture has led to a significant decrease in the volume of water entering the Aral Sea, a decrease in the area of agricultural land due to soil salinity, as well as depletion of water resources. The main beneficiaries of investments in irrigation systems are state bodies of the water and agricultural industries, as well as farming and peasant farms. It is necessary to attract investment, as well as measures to support farms that will ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The introduction of PPP mechanisms will ensure the long-term development of irrigation infrastructure and the rational use of water resources.