Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The financial system is based on the processing and aggregation of vast amounts of information into price signals that coordinate economic participants. Throughout history, advances in information technology, from simple record-keeping to artificial intelligence, have transformed the financial industry. This article examines the evolution of the financial sector through the lens of advances in information processing, with a particular focus on AI. The analysis of how generative AI (GenAI), emerging AI agents, and general artificial intelligence will affect finance is conducted. It assesses the opportunities and challenges posed to the financial sector by different generations of AI, including machine learning (ML), generative AI (GenAI), and emerging AI agents. The impact of AI on financial stability and the risk of AI-induced disrup- tions to the real sector are considered. In light of these ideologies and the increasing adoption of AI, the author has outlined the implications of developments in AI for financial stability and prudential policies. The article discusses the potential impacts on the real economy, examining both optimistic and destructive scenarios involving AI. The author emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in order to develop a framework for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the global financial system.

Annotation: The central bank’s digital currencies can become an effective payment policy tool, helping to eliminate market dis- ruptions and stimulating competition and innovation in new digital payment markets. In this regard, the topic of this work is undoubtedly relevant. The article is devoted to the study of the factors of central banks for the development and implementation of digital currency initiatives of the central bank (DCCB), as well as their advantages. The article first examines the concept and main forms of implementation of digital currencies of the central bank. The article examines the general-purpose digital currencies of the central bank, which can technically be implemented in two formats: in the form of deposit accounts with the central bank for all households, corporations and digital tokenized currencies based on distributed ledger technology. It is revealed that among the arguments of the monetary authorities in favor of currencies, the following motives can be distinguished: global competition, duopolistic or oligopolistic market structure, dominance of foreign payment providers, reduction of cash in circulation. In addition, the main advantage of the DCCB is precisely the increase in the competitiveness of payments and their efficiency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the effectiveness of the fight against smuggling by the Fed- eral Customs Service of Russia and the development of a digital control system for the flow of goods at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union. An analysis of the dynamics of criminal cases initiated under articles of the Criminal Code of Russia related to crimes in the customs sphere showed a downward trend. At the same time, the Strategy for the Development of the Customs Service of the Russian Federation until 2030 indicates the need for systematic improvement of the law enforcement function of customs authorities, which creates the need for the introduction of digital technologies. In modern conditions, important digital technologies are blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and big data technologies, which are integrated into a single digital system of industry management. The article shows the great potential for the development and implementation of an industry-wide system of control over the movement of goods within the customs system of the Russian Federa- tion and the Eurasian Economic Union. The key risks of the proposed measures for the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of customs authorities in order to combat smuggling are identified and the target characteristics obtained after the implementation of the proposed measures to combat smuggling are presented.

Annotation: The article analyzes the digital economy of the Russian Federation using the methods of such international organi- zations as the Portulans Institute by the Network Readiness Index, the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs by the Global E-Government Development Index, World Intellectual Property Organization by the Global Innovation Index. The factors constraining the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation have been identified: the insufficient level of technology development, especially “new” technologies, telecom- munications and logistical infrastructure, content provision, electronic participation; an imperfect management system of the country’s digital development; environmental instability, manifested in the energy inefficiency of the economy, the inconsistency of the country’s environmental indicators with international standards. It has also been established that the human capital is one of the key drivers for the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation, which is characterized by a high level of literacy of the population, financing of research and development projects, the prestige of Russian universities, as well as technical and engineering specialties.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of modern development in Russia of investment models and instruments aimed at investors with an Eastern mentality, the so-called partnership financing. Attention is drawn to the need for the development and implementation of such financial instruments, with their regulation taking into account the turn of the Russian economy to the East. The article notes that each such implemented financial mechanism and instrument must comply with the Eastern mentality and traditions. The study provides an analysis of the mechanism introduced in Russia in 2023 as an experiment in a number of South-Eastern regions of the country to introduce the practice of partnership activities. The analysis of the subjects of this experiment, the legally adopted mechanism of its functioning and the regulatory framework, the types of financial instruments (operations) introduced in this case are presented. Particular attention is paid to the application of rules and accounting standards when reflecting these partnership financing transactions among economic participants in the experiment. As a result, conclusions are made about the need to expand such an experiment, as the practice of conducting partnership activities accumulates, and the need for a clearer definition and regulation of accounting issues for partnership operations.