Headings of the journal
"Educational Resources and Technologies"

Annotation: The article explores the evolution of systems by the example of the relationship of hierarchical, subsidiary and decentralized systems. The article explores algorithms of the corresponding types. The relationship between the algorithm and system behavior is shown. Hierarchical systems are considered as the starting point of research. The article examines mainly subsidiary and decentralized systems. The article explores subsidiary and decentralized algorithms. Hierarchical and subsidiary systems are connected by the main subsystem - the coordinator of actions. Subsidiary systems are formed from hierarchical ones under the influence of the external environment. The external environment necessitates the interaction of elements of lower levels with the environment. Subsidiary systems characterize the interaction of elements with the environment at lower levels. Subsidiary systems characterize the allocation of individual resources to lower level elements. In subsidiary systems, the executive mechanisms of hierarchical systems are transformed into agents. The intensification of external influences on the subsidiary or on the hierarchical system leads to the decentralization of the system. Under these conditions, the subsidiary system is transformed into a decentralized system. The article is devoted to the study of subsidiary and decentralized systems. The similarities and differences between subsidiary and decentralized systems are shown. Decentralized system agents have the resources and computing power. Agents of decentralized systems form group intelligence. Decentralized systems are governed by an algorithm, not a coordinator. The article introduces the concept of a system algorithm that performs the functions of a coordinator in a decentralized system.

Annotation: This article explores technologies and methods for updating GEODATA databases. The relationship of information in the GEODATA database with the worldview model is shown. The difference between updating a database and regenerating a GEODATA is shown. The rationale for creating and applying the new concept of “data upd ate buffer zone” is given. The content of remote space sensing methods is revealed. It is shown that the basis of space technologies is geoinformation modeling. The main requirements for information stored in a GEODATA database are summarized: informational and structural. The information requirement is formulated as the need to transform data into GEODATA and, accordingly, to allocate three components: spatial, temporal and thematic. A structural requirement has been formulated that consists in the structural consistency of GEODATA describing different objects. A formalized conceptual model of updating the GEODATA database in terms of se t theory and logical schemes is proposed. It represents a mechanism for building a new worldview based on an existing one.

Annotation: A novel approach for automatic calculation of sea level variation is proposed. It uses displacement velocities of sea markers obtained from infrared satellite imagery. Sea marker on satellite image is a brightness heterogeneity which remains during certain time interval. Sea markers displacement velocities are calculated on the base of modified function of similarity of two same fragments of satellite images for certain time interval. Considering sea markers displacement velocities as sea surface currents velocities and solving inverse problem it is possible to calculate sea level variations of synoptic eddies. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that calculation of sea level variation by displacement velocities of sea markers on satellite infrared imagery allows to precise data of satellite altimetry and to raise accuracy of calculated sea level.

Annotation: The article reveals the main approaches to the interpretation and implementation of the digitalization of higher education – reductionist, technocratic and anti-reductionist, anthropopractical. The digitalization of higher education is considered by the author within the framework of the anthropopractical approach – as a multidimensional process (not reducible to the introduction of distant educational technologies), where the center and end in itself is the transformation of a person and human relations in educational environments, and digital technologies play only an instrumental role. At the same time, if techno-optimism or progressivism believes that digitalization meets the interests of a person and responds to requests for self-development, then techno-pessimism or conservatism, on the contrary, considers digitalization as a dehumanizing process. Comparing polar approaches to assessing anthropological risks and prospects for digitalization of higher education, the author substantiates the significance of technorealism as a worldview and methodological basis for the development and implementation of constructive practices of “slow science” and “slow learning”, “peer-to-peer” education, crowdsourcing, DIY and collaboration, edutainment and gamification of higher education.

Annotation: The article describes the application of methods of social cybernetics to solve the problems of real estate valuation. The article shows that the model of social cybernetics is a model of the information situation. The article shows the difference between a cybernetic model and a descriptive non-cybernetic model. The conditions under which the information situation is a cybernetic or non-cybernetic model are shown. The concept of the core of the situation is described and the content of this concept is revealed. The article gives a comparison of the training of specialists in the field of real estate valuation in Russia and abroad. The article introduces a new concept and a new information model - a model of situational assessment. The content of this model is revealed. The article describes the content of the situational approach in assessment. The article explores the temporal model of the assessment situation and the spatial model of situational assessment. The difference between the temporal estimation model and the spatio-temporal estimation model is shown. The difference between the additive valuation model and the multiplicative model for valuing real estate objects is shown