Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: The article analyzes the provisions of the most significant, from a historical point of view, statutes regulating the relations that developed in connection with the violation of law and order and, as a consequence, causing losses. The study of the transformational features of the relations of harm caused by evolutionary processes is carried out. In the course of a brief study the authors come to the conclusion that the regulation of damages was ensured by fixing appropriate measures of adverse impact on the violator in various acts of authorities, but only in the second half of the XIX century this institution began to acquire the features of a truly legal one. These conclusions, in turn, determine further research interest in order to conduct scientific parallels and comparative analyses of the category under study in the framework of subsequent epochs, including modernity. It allows us to form ideas about the specificities of the evolution of legislative thought regarding the institution of compensation for damages with an explanation of the grounds for establishing a legal regime for damages at the present stage of development of Russian society and the state.

Annotation: The purpose of this article is to reveal the fundamental importance of the forming of the idea of sustainable development as a worldview and paradigm of enduring cultural value. This does not mean underestimating the practical problems that need to be solved. However, if you start with them without creating a solid conceptual foundation, the idea of sustainability can repeat the fate of many bright ideas, the implementation of which began with great enthusiasm and ended in disappointment with dire consequences. This means that we must begin with the creation of a stable consonance of the spirit of the revolution with the revolution of the spirit. The Eurasian project provides an excellent opportunity for this. Sustainable development includes not only the economy, ecology and just society, but also spirituality, which raises responsibility to a sustainable moral imperative. The only possible perspective for Europe is substantiated – the creation of a humanistic civilization as a model, functioning as a fatherland of nations. The main aspects of sustainable development are economic, environmental, social and spiritual ones. Sustainability cannot be achieved at all if one of these aspects is neglected.

Annotation: The article describes the history of the creation and evolution of the institution of the Commission of the European Community (Community) in the second half of the XX century. Since the beginning of Western European integration this structure has played one of the key roles in the Community and continues to play now within the framework of the European Union. The relevance of the topic is justified by the interest in the European Union as a whole as the most successful regional integration association at the moment, claiming to be one of the centers of the multipolar world. The main aim of the article is to identify the functions, place and role of the Commission in the European Community. Document analysis, narrative, historical and chronological methods were used as key methods of work. The article provides an overview of the key powers of the Commission, shows their changes under the influence of the process of development of Western European integration. Attention is paid to the presentation of the Commission as a supranational body. The article analyzes the provisions of the fundamental treaties of the European Community: Paris, Rome, Brussels and the Single European Act. Conclusions about the powers and significance of the Commission within the framework of the integration association are made on their basis.

Annotation: Medieval Serbia and Bosnia were in direct contact with Western Europe and Byzantium. Bosnia was part of Rascia (Serbia) until the middle of the 10th century, and since then it has embarked on the path of independent development. At that time, Bosnia was under Byzantine domination, and later, by virtue of Hungary, Western influence prevailed. Both Western and Byzantine influences are visible in medieval Serbia. Since the time of Stefan Nemanja and his son Sava (Saint Sava), Byzantine influence has prevailed. The dual, Western and Byzantine influences on medieval Serbia and Bosnia will be presented through the analysis of four issues: state system, social organization, the penal system and the spiritual (ecclesiastical) area.

Annotation: This paper discusses the main stages of the legitimization of the bureaucratic apparatus in Russia in the first half of the XIXth century. The author‘s purpose is to analyze the political measures of the Russian government aimed at modernizing the structure, organization and activities of the bureaucracy at both the central and local levels during this period. This topic is relevant in the context of increasing public interest in the efficiency of the functioning of the state apparatus of Russia and its improvement. The historical experience of the authorities in the organization, regulation, as well as the quantitative and qualitative development of domestic bureaucracy deserves attention. As the main results, the author formulates the requirements for officials that have developed at the legislative level. It is concluded that by the middle of the XIXth century, the bureaucratic apparatus had become one of the main forces in the state and society of Russia.