Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article evaluates the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast based on a comparison of the planned targets for the effectiveness of state support for small and medium- sized businesses and the results achieved so far. During the analysis, the main problems of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast were identified, such as an increase in the number of small and medium-sized businesses only at the expense of microenterprises; low number of employees employed by small and medium-sized businesses; the tendency of a significant increase in the number of self-employed citizens, in particular due to the transfer of many small and medium-sized business workers to self-employment. The article develops measures to eliminate the identified problems. The results of the study can be used to optimize and improve the effectiveness of state policy in the field of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast.

Annotation: In modern conditions, innovation is becoming the most important factor in the sustainable development of countries. Russia lags significantly behind the world leaders in terms of innovation. This problem is aggravated by the low innovation activity of the regions, the imbalance in the development of innovations by subjects, and the lack of innovation systems in certain regions. The purpose of the study is to identify problems that hinder the development of innovations in the region and solve them through the development of a regional innovation system as a condition for the sustainable development. The methodological basis of the research was a systematic approach, including a set of methods: analysis, rating, index, historical methods. The result of the study was the clarification of the definition of the national innovation system and the forming of a functional model of the regional innovation system. The model is proposed to be considered not as a triunique system “state, university and business”, but as a unity of its 4 components, including state authorities, the education and science system, innovative entrepreneurship and innovative infrastructure. The core of this system is a person who is able to transform implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The presented functional model can serve as a conceptual basis for the forming of a regional innovation system and the development of a strategy for the development of innovative activity of the subject.

Annotation: The article studies the impact of the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems on the bio-geospheres of our planet. Contradiction between hydrogen energy and its environmental goals occurs already at the stage of hydrogen production. The prospect of hydrogen production from low-molecular sulfur compounds, which re- habilitates the ecology of enclosed water bodies, has been revealed. The study is based on a block diagram that reveals the dominants of interaction in the bio-geosphere of the planet during the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems. The interaction of 2 global natural mechanisms of water generation and its adsorption is revealed. It is noted that with the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems, unacceptably high gen- eration of NOx and the replacement of CO2 emissions with H2O leads to the instability of biosystems and, thus, the phenomenon of life. Therefore, the global trend of dubious decarbonization of economic systems actualizes the assessment of its impact on the sustainability of economic systems as carriers of the phenomenon of life. For this purpose, a way of formalization is proposed to create the foundations of a scientific and methodological ap- proach to assess the consistency and sustainability of economic systems in the globalization of hydrogen energy.

Annotation: The article assesses the economic implication of microscopy technologies on the global market by creating an econometric model. Microscopic technologies, including optical, electronic, scanning probe and digital micro- scopes, play a key role in stimulating innovation and productivity in various industries. However, the economic significance of these technologies has not yet been fully assessed. The aim of the study is to fill this gap by quantifying the impact of key factors, such as R&D expenditure, the number of patents filed, the level of adop- tion, government funding, technological advancements, industrial output, workforce size, and global economic growth. During the study, a comprehensive review of relevant literature has been conducted, relevant data has been collected, an econometric model has been developed and verified, regression analysis has been performed, and the results have been interpreted. The conclusions provide information on the relative significance of these factors in shaping the global market for microscopy technologies, helping policymakers, industry representa- tives, and researchers understand the economic implications of investing in and developing these technologies.

Annotation: The article postulates the natural commonality of geospheres, biosphere and society with its economic systems. Thus, the phenomenon of life is represented as a unidirectional self-organization of biosystems in the flow of Pri- mary energy. The task of the study is to identify possible anthropogenic strategies for managing the preservation and development of the phenomenon of life. The boundary condition of the issue is determined: the adaptation of two biosystems with different directions of self-organization and inertia under the influence of both internal and external fluctuations. A continuous cyclic process of adaptation of biosystems with statistical and bifurca- tion character is revealed. It is noted that the economic systems of society, providing the phenomenon of life, involving the resources of the geospheres and the biosphere, are hypersensitive to perturbations and adapt in the “online” mode. The identified five adaptation strategies are distinguished by natural spatial localization and combinatoriality. The proposed formalization of natural processes and the revealed patterns can form the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to the search for optimal adaptation strategies.