Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article describes an emerging trend in Russian initiative budgeting (IB) – independent municipal practices aimed at involving citizens in making decisions on budget expenditures. The purpose of this work is to outline the importance of comprehensive support for these processes from regional and federal authorities. In 2020, the municipal IB practices received legal enforcement in the federal legislation on local self-government. At present local authorities face the challenge to develop and introduce IB in their work. In 2019, the municipal IB practices were implemented in 24 regions of the Russian Federation. In a number of regions, high indicators of IB development at the municipal level are the result of the policy pursued by the financial authorities. Using the data of IB federal monitoring, the article presents an analysis of the processes in the Russian municipalities, including an overview of existing support measures and motivational mechanisms. It considers the Russian municipal practices and international cases of participatory budgeting support at the municipal level. It is concluded that in addition to regulations and incentives, the most important measures are: awareness-raising, training, consulting support and monitoring of the quality of implementation.

Annotation: Small businesses are an important category for the economy of a region or country. Even though not all these organizations meet the criteria for conducting a mandatory audit, conducting an initiative audit increases the degree of confidence in the reporting of these organizations. However, conducting an audit in organizations that are small businesses has certain features due to their use of simplified methods of accounting and reporting. At the same time, at the planning stage, the auditor should evaluate the right of the audited entity to use simplified accounting methods by performing audit procedures. The article presents the formats of working documents that can be used by the auditor when conducting an audit of small businesses at the stage of planning and performing substantive audits. The article elaborates in detail the regulatory and legal framework for determining the object of audit activity, examines and clarifies the main criteria that make it possible to classify an economic entity as a small business entity.

Annotation: In the article, the author considers the features of income distribution in situations of monopolization of the market. In such markets, due to a violation of the competitive balance, one or several very large enterprises are able to control the size and quality of the supply, as well as the price, which leads to an uneven distribution of income. The author claims that the unearned income that made and appropriated by the monopolist should be considered as monopoly rent or monopoly revenue, depending on whether this income is the result of an unfair distribution or the result of pumping wealth beyond the added value created. The author is inclined to consider various kinds of competition restrictions as the source of such phenomena as monopoly rent and monopoly revenue. The greatest attention in the article is paid to the consideration of monopoly rents and its theoretical calculation. In the calculations, it is proposed to build on the indicators achievable in conditions of perfect competition.

Annotation: In the article, the authors try to summarize the basic theoretical principles and key characteristics of the research object identified by several researchers, and to trace how these parameters are manifested in modern practice in Kazakhstan. This topic relevance lies in the fact that in present-days world conditions the high competitiveness of countries, as well as companies, is ensured by the degree and speed of a creative economy development in them. The purpose of this study is to clarify the creative economy prerequisites and basic characteristics, options for naming an economy with similar characteristics, as well as an analysis of the institutional factors contributing to its development, and the creative economy current state in Kazakhstan. This work results have been some thematic and theoretical generalizations, developed visualized materials, revealed new terms formulated by some of the studied authors, as well as characteristics of domestic and foreign experts on the level and prospects of both creative economy and industries development in contemporary Kazakhstan.

Annotation: The coronavirus pandemic has become a new challenge for both the individual country and the global economy. The conditions of instability forced regulators to quickly take a package of response measures to mitigate the economic consequences. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of countries ‘ fiscal measures during the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods of comparative analysis, critical and systematic approach to the study of information are used. It is noted that the response of fiscal policy to the emerging crisis was prompt and went in tandem with monetary policy. Advanced economies have implemented more extensive fiscal measures than emerging markets. The features of this trend are revealed: developing countries have a narrower fiscal space compared to developed countries. In addition, they have tightened their funding conditions due to the pan-economic shock, which also constrains their fiscal measures.