Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: This article is devoted to the improvement of the methodology for assessing the impact of institutions on the standard of living of human resources. The analysis shows that significant differences are observed between not only theories and concepts, but also terms such as «standard of living» and «quality of life”. The authors draw attention to the widespread use of traditional and complementary indices to take into account important aspects of the HDI in order to identify the lagging behind in human development, and monitor the distribution of: multidimensional poverty index (MIN) adjusted for inequality, human development index (HDI) and gender inequality index (GDI); gender development index (GDI). To assess the impact of individual institutions on the level and quality of life, it is proposed to use a simple regression model and a ranking model for the main indicators that determine the standard of living and its satisfaction in points. It is proposed to use the adjusted HDI based on the level of human life satisfaction (UUHR) in the context of individual countries, before giving each country an assessment of up to 100 points.

Annotation: The article discusses the current aspects of the development of the institution of state civil service, analyzes the problems of development, suggests directions for its improvement. It is noted that public service in the Russian Federation is a constantly evolving complex phenomenon designed to fulfill the functions of the state. The main task of public service is the unity of the federal state through the systematic use of constitutional and organizational principles. The essence of the state civil service and the procedures that are associated with its passage are always under the scrutiny of economists, lawyers and lawyers. The objective of this study is to compare Russian and world practice of developing the institution of public civil service. When conducting the research, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, generalization. The study revealed that in Russia now there are several problems that impede the development of the state civil service, but there are attempts to take measures to improve it. The results of the study are consideration of the general principles of development of the institution of the state civil service of Russia, considering Russian and world practice.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the lack of theoretical development of questions about the nature and content of entrepreneurial activity, as well as the objective need to analyze the current state and the main trends in the development of Russian entrepreneurship. The purpose of the study is to determine and substantiate the nature and content of entrepreneurial activity. In the process of analysis of the essence and content of entrepreneurial activity, the author used such methods of research of socio-economic phenomena as dialectical, systemic, structural and functional, institutional, historical and logical, comparative and analytical, as well as methods of scientific abstraction, induction, deduction, normative and positive analysis and synthesis. Particular attention in the study of the essence of entrepreneurial activity, the author paid to the clarification, in relation to modern Russian realities, and the justification of its subjects, the key essential features, the main components of the system of motives and objectives of the subjects. The main result of the research is the author’s definitions of entrepreneurial activity and individual entrepreneur, containing elements of scientific novelty.

Annotation: Competitive advantage is a system that has an exclusive value, giving it superiority over competitors in the economic, technical and organizational fields, and an opportunity to manage available resources more effectively. The formation and achievement of a sustainable competitive advantage of the product is a priority for any company from any industry and any field of activity. It provides stability, growth opportunities, creates barriers to entry of new players and, as a result, allows the company to receive higher profits from the sale of its products. And its use in advertising and marketing communications contributes to a longer-term positioning of the product in its market segment and in a clear consolidation of the image of the product in the minds of the target audience. In the framework of tough market competition, demonstration of the company and product advantages to the target consumers, as well as the benefits they will receive, becomes one of the essential means to promote business and work for the future. This is a fairly simple version of brand name positioning, that does not require large financial investments, but it is an effective tool for competing in a market. This article reveals product levels (i.e. functional purpose, properties and additional advantages, brand image) as well as the corresponding types of competition (types and subject of competition, the degree of brand awareness and reputation of the product) and competitive advantages (specific, rational, emotional). The article presents an algorithm for developing a rational competitive advantage, and provides recommendations and examples of its use in the process of making an advertising appeal.

Annotation: The article considers the problem of assessing the quality of preschool education in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standard associated with the lack of a unified methodology of estimation of efficiency of activity of preschool educational institutions, as well as the possibility of using scale ECERS-R for assessment of activity of contemporary preschool educational organizations, presented the results of the evaluation on the example of real preschool. The experience of the municipal budget educational institution «Kindergarten №110» of the city of Ryazan on the use of ECERS-R scales to assess the quality of the conditions for the implementation of the basic educational program of preschool education in the conditions of the implementation of the Federal state educational standard of preschool education in terms of such an indicator as «developing subject-spatial environment» is presented as one of the directions on the problem. The results of the analysis using ECERS-R scales showed the consistency of the proposed indicators, levels and indicators for determining the developing subject-spatial environment, which will allow preschool institutions to carry out internal monitoring, as well as to determine their strengths and weaknesses in the direction of the implementation of the Federal state educational standard of preschool education.