Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the norms of domestic legislation on banks, the banking system of the Russian Federation and banking activities, as well as the identification of the main trends in its development. The article analyzes the amendments and additions made to the current legislation, primar- ily to the provisions of the Federal Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”, which is one of the key regulatory legal acts regulating the functioning of the Russian banking system. The article identifies the main innovations in domestic legislation on banking operations. A number of proposals is also formulated, which is aimed at clarify- ing and supplementing the conceptual apparatus used in this Law, with the aim of further improving the legal regulation of banking operations in Russia. The relevance of the study of innovations in banking legislation is beyond doubt. The explosive growth in the number of banking products offered to the public and legal entities is observed. The increasing debt burden of the population and, as a result, an increase in the total number of bankruptcy procedures for individuals forces the legislator to “hone” the basic definitions of the Law.

Annotation: Over the past more than 10 years, there has been an annual decrease in the number of convicts serving sentences of imprisonment. Moreover, a decrease is observed in all categories of convicts, regardless of their gender and age. This is undoubtedly a positive trend, given the rather modest possibilities of correctional institutions for the correction of persons held in them. However, with a general decline in the number, criminal statistics indicate a continuing trend of an increase in the share of female crime both in the total volume of recorded crimes and in the number of convicts serving imprisonment. The authors of the article, among the social reasons for this negative phenomenon, pay attention to such a growing social and gender-psychological phenomenon as female masculinity, which increasingly affects the choice of violence by the weaker sex as a way to resolve conflicts. According to the authors, the time-tested classification of women into categories depending on the severity of the committed act and the recurrence of crimes should be restored. Thus, it will be possible not only to prevent criminal infection of women serving imprisonment for the first time (70 %), but also to contribute to the realiza- tion of such a goal of punishment as the restoration of social justice at the stage of execution of punishment. In its most general form, it can be formulated as: “Different for what has been done”. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The trial is the central stage of the criminal proceedings, during which all the evidence gathered during the investigation of the criminal case is examined. Quite often, forensic examinations that were carried out during the preliminary investigation are subject to thorough investigation. In the course of judicial proceedings, situations may arise where the court identifies inconsistencies in the con- clusions and research part of an examination, inconsistencies between the findings of multiple examinations, expert incompetence, and other issues that affect the thoroughness and clarity of a forensic investigation, and ultimately its objectivity. In such a situation, in order to determine the truth in a case, it is necessary to conduct additional, repeated forensic examinations as part of the trial process. The authors analyzed the judicial practice of appointing various types of forensic examinations in judicial investiga- tions. This made it possible to identify violations committed during the examinations in the course of the prelimi- nary investigation, and, therefore, to summarize the grounds for the appointment of forensic examinations within the framework of a judicial investigation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The purpose of the work is to investigate the regulatory framework of aesthetic medicine. The importance and role of beauty medicine in the life of a modern person are revealed, the legislative regulation of cosmetology and plastic surgery is considered, the most significant contradictions and gaps in the regulatory regulation of relations in the studied branch of medicine are identified, its key problems that require an integrated approach for their solution are identified. The medical nature of cosmetic procedures and plastic surgeries is substantiated, due to their impact on the entire human body and the impact on its health as a whole. Opinions were expressed on Draft Law No. 580179-8 “On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"” and Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Consumer Protection”. The authors believe that the scientific doctrine of medical law is faced with the task of developing its own concept of aesthetic medicine, as well as finding new approaches to establishing legal regulation in this area. The methodo- logical basis of the research was formed by such methods of scientific research as special-legal, system-structural, logical-theoretical, comparative analysis of the study of socio-legal phenomena in their dialectical development. Proposals have been developed to improve the legal regulation of aesthetic medicine.

Annotation: The article examines aspects of research, assessment and use of expert opinions at the trial stage, which have categorical and probabilistic conclusions. The authors indicate that at various stages of criminal procedural activity, the legislator has approached the use of probabilistic conclusions in judicial practice differently. The views of theorists and practitioners do not have an unambiguous approach to this issue. The case law demonstrates that probabilistic conclusions can be used in criminal evidence. However, they ac- quire evidentiary value only if the general requirements of relevance, admissibility and reliability are met, as well as taking into account the special requirement of scientific validity and in conjunction with other evidence. The point of view on the inadmissibility of a probabilistic expert conclusion as evidence in a court verdict will remain dominant for a long time. At the same time, there will be an excessive focus on categorical judgments that do not always reflect the reality and validity of the conclusions made. It seems that in such a situation, the legislator is obliged to clearly determine the admissibility or inadmissibility of an expert’s probabilistic conclu- sion as evidence in a court verdict. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.