Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The “Green” financing is becoming an integral part of the global trend for the sustainable introduction and development of the “green” economy. The international financial system is developing in the direction of active growth of the “green” sector of global market finance and responsible investments. The investment paradigm itself is changing. More and more attention is being paid to transformative investments intended to achieve not only a certain economic result, but also having the potential for positive social and environmental impact. The subject of the study is the concept of transition to a “green” economy. The purpose of this article is to identify common prospects and directions for the development of “green” finance at the international level. The achievement of these goals was carried out using the methods of system analysis, induction, graphic method, as well as using a systematic literature review. The theoretical foundations of the concept of “green” finance are investigated. The classification of instruments and institutions of “green” financing is carried out, their strengths and limitations are identified. New “green” financial instruments are designed not only to obtain economic benefits from their use, but also to solve environmental and climatic problems for the preservation of the surrounding world.

Annotation: The article describes the economic and social factors of the emergence of rental income and traces the historical processes that contributed to the forming of the system of redistribution of rental income to the public sector of the economy. The article describes how the forming of the institution of the state contributed to the fact that the rental income began to be systematically extracted by economic agents. The definitions given by different authors to the concept of “social sector” are presented, the lack of consistency of existing definitions is found. It is also revealed that the defining characteristics of the social sector are, first, its focus on the creation and distribution of public goods, and second, that different ways of redistributing income received in other sectors of the economy dominate among the methods of financing the public sector. Special attention is paid to the role of patronage and charity institutions in the system of rent redistribution, which is assessed as important, and the degree of integration of this institution into the system is recognized as insufficient for nowadays. The results of the study are applicable in developing areas for reforming the mechanisms of strategic partnership between the state and private economic agents owning rent.

Annotation: The article postulates the interaction of developing economic systems with the biosphere, deviating from established norms. It is this that actualizes the search for the best solutions to this interaction. Therefore, the optimization of the interaction of achieving an acceptable compromise between the efficiency of economic systems and the safety of the biosphere based on genetic algorithms is proposed. As a scientific and methodical approach, continuous mechanisms of multimodal genetic optimization of economic systems are predetermined.

Annotation: A number of states are already on the verge of exhausting the available possibilities for intra-basin and interbasin transfers of part of the river flow and rational water management of the territory. This forces us to start studying and developing water sharing projects based on interzonal (interstate) territorial transfers of part of the river flow. The analysis of the dynamics and forecasts of water consumption clearly indicate that the coming century will be characterized for humanity by the search for solutions to the problem of water resources, and will become for the world community a period of solving the problems of mutually beneficial sharing of water resources between states on the basis of large-scale territorial redistribution of water resources.

Annotation: The article describes the general characteristics of the world oil market, identifies the largest centers of international oil trade. The geographical structure of the world oil market has been studied and the leading countries have been identified in terms of production and consumption of oil. The balance of supply and demand has been determined. The analysis of economic indicators of the world oil market, such as the geographical structure and dynamics of the physical volumes of proven oil reserves, the geographical structure and dynamics of oil production for 2016–2020, was carried out. Since oil is the most traded commodity on the world market, the article describes the structure of world oil exports in 2016–2020, and also examines the dynamics of the value of international oil trade in 2016–2020. Based on the study, the authors proposed trends in the world oil market in the context of the participating countries.