Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: Israel, which is 97 per cent dryland, was one of the first countries to tackle desertification. Measures to combat desertification were initiated at an early stage of the country’s development and have been strengthened to date. Prevention of desertification is based on the rational use of soil and water resources, agroforestry on the basis of temporary surface runoff, controlled environment of desert agriculture (greenhouse agriculture), organic farming, control of grazing. The sustainability of agriculture in Israel’s drylands and its relative success in preventing desertification depended on water policies. About 90% of fresh water resources in Israel are combined into a single system, which ensures the implementation of a single national policy of obtaining water and regular supply of various sectors of consumers (agriculture, household and industrial activities). Water scarcity and deteriorating water quality dictate the need to improve water efficiency and economy in Israel. In the agricultural sector, significant water savings have been achieved through technological improvements in irrigation methods, including sprinkling, drip irrigation, reuse of fresh water, wastewater treatment and desalination of saline groundwater and sea water, significantly reducing the risk of desertification. Strategic planning and policy to combat desertification in addition to improving sustainable water management and sustainable agricultural development in vulnerable regions through active erosion control programs, regulation of nomadic grazing, and promotion of water-saving and salt-tolerant crops, provides for pasture management, afforestation, and expansion of protected areas.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to analyze the competitiveness of Germany and the Russian Federation, identifying the most problematic factors that adversely affect the country‘s economy. In the process of research used general scientific methods, methods of statistical analysis. In the course of the study, an analysis of the competitiveness of the Russian Federation and Germany was carried out, and problematic factors that adversely affect the country‘s economy were identified. The authors proposed options for improving various sectors of the economy, in order to improve the competitiveness of the country. The results are aimed at accelerating the socio-economic development of the economy of the Russian Federation, increasing the level of competitiveness of the country in relation to other countries of the world. The Russian Federation is a state that is located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, has developed climatic conditions, powerful fuel and energy, energy and production and technical potential, but in terms of the level of competitiveness of the country‘s economy is only 38th, which is why be an important increase in the competitiveness of a country‘s economy. World practice has shown that in countries with a higher level of economic competitiveness, goods are produced, and services are provided that can compete both in the domestic market and in the external market. And, also in countries with a higher level of competitiveness of the country, there is a high welfare of the nation. Research in assessing the level of competitiveness is the World Economic Forum, which annually publishes a report on the analysis of the competitiveness of all countries of the world [1]. So, Loskutova M.V. allocates a number of resources with which you can improve the competitiveness of the Russian Federation [2]. Shul MI, notes the prerequisites that hinder the development of the competitiveness of the Russian economy [3]. AP Zaostrovtsev, singles out the institutional problems of developing the competitiveness of the Russian economy [4].

Annotation: The article defines the importance of food security as the main factor in the preservation of statehood and sovereignty of the country, the most important factor of demographic policy and the conditions for the implementation of national priorities. The regulatory framework and target indicators of food security of the Ryazan region are investigated. The increasing role of peasant (farm) farms in the agriculture of the region is established. A statistical assessment of the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector in the agro-industrial complex, its comparative efficiency in relation to agricultural organizations and households, as well as the contribution to the production of gross agricultural output of the Ryazan region. The analysis of the size of acreage and livestock of farm animals in the peasant (farmer) farms in the region. The dynamics and the structure of production and sales of the main types of agricultural products by Ryazan farmers have been established, indicating that during the study period the volume of agricultural products sold by peasant (farmer) farms in the region increased for almost all types of products. The role of farms in providing the necessary regional level of food security, as well as the factors causing its increase, is determined. The article analyzes the importance of peasant (farm) farms in the volume of agricultural production in the Ryazan region, the level of food supply of the region at their expense. The reasons of rather low efficiency and low specific weight of farmer production of the Ryazan region in ensuring food security of the region are revealed. The necessity of activation of measures of the state support for increase of efficiency and specific weight of country (farmer) farms in ensuring food security of the Ryazan region is proved.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the object structure and characteristics of the goals of modern sustainable progressive development. The methodological basis of the work is a systematic and interdisciplinary analysis of the progressive form of sustainable development of the corresponding «system of object» as an integrity. The scientific novelty of the author’s conclusions lies in the positioning of a decent human life as an integral goal of its sustainable progress, as well as in the inclusion in the overall object structure of the study of the modern state as a producer of the required institutional capital. In addition, the scientific novelty of the article consists in the analysis of causal relations between all elements of the object structure of sustainable progressive development and the characteristic of the corresponding contradictions. The scientific and practical significance of the work is to justify a much broader and interdisciplinary approach to the problem of sustainable development.

Annotation: The following research objectives are considered in the work: the study of environmental measures; identification of possible costs to eliminate environmental damage; the study of the classification of costs to eliminate environmental damage. Sustainability measurement and accounting can be applied to areas of social impact, especially for those enterprises engaged in international trade, where considerations regarding materials and labor are subject to public scrutiny. Audit and assessment are the basis of environmental and social accounting, so the adoption of proven strategies to study the basic metrics will help accountants conduct an effective analysis. The possibilities of creating an estimated reserve based on the probability of repayment of liabilities and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation are considered. The possibilities of creating an estimated reserve based on the probability of repayment of liabilities and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation are considered. Methods for determining environmental damage obligations are of practical importance today. When recognizing assets or liabilities in connection with the production process, he must apply his experience, knowledge of relevant financial reporting standards, the requirements of the legislation of the country in which the company operates, as well as professional judgment. As a result of studying the problem of accounting for environmental costs, the authors concluded that a competent and professional approach to cost accounting in the field of environmental protection is necessary.