Annotation: The article analyzes the effectiveness of team competitive events within the framework of project-based learning. The subject of research is the organizational and methodological aspects of hackathons and ideaathons in the context of higher education. The study is based on the experience of preparation and implementation of such events at Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University. Definitions are given, types, formats of organization and holding of competitive events in the field of information technology are considered. Examples of tasks and winning projects are presented. Factors influencing the quality of hackathons and ideaathons, as well as their relationship with expected results are investigated. The results of monitoring the satisfaction of participants of hackathons and ideaathons based on a survey and questionnaire are presented. Options for increasing motivation and attracting potential participants are proposed. The impact of such events on the forming and development of students’ universal and professional competencies is analyzed. The issue of including hackathons and ideaathons in the educational process of universities is discussed.

Annotation: When measuring the metre of a poetic work in verse, feet are usually taken as a basis, which consist of stressed and unstressed syllables. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the size of the foot in advance. With further measurements, it may also turn out that in some lines of the poem the sequence of stressed and unstressed sylla- bles differs from the first line. That is, some positions of syllables in the poem cannot be unambiguously attributed to either stressed or unstressed ones. Such a discrepancy can greatly confuse the student. To solve this problem, it is proposed to take into account not two variants of syllables, but three: unstressed, incompletely stressed and stressed syllables. The metre of the poem is proposed to be written not in words, but in numbers indicating the type of syllables. With this approach, there is no need to determine the length of the foot in advance, and it is also not difficult to determine the metre of poems in which not all lines have the same sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables. In order to automate the measurement of metre, as well as for use as an electronic educational resource in literature lessons, the intellectual information system “Fet.Online” is created, which allows us not only to deter- mine the poetic size, but also to visualize the structure of the poem, as well as to form its textual description. The system also has a database of poems from the school literature course, which students can use for individual work.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the consideration of the category “social system of scientific pedagogical knowledge production” as a product of specialized scientific work. The factors influencing the forming and development of pedagogical science in the conditions of a new normality are highlighted, which are characterized by the rapid emergence of new phenomena and systemic changes that differ sharply from the previous ones. A systematics of trends in the field of pedagogical education reforms is given. The basic principles of the transformation of pedagogical science in the period of the forming of a new reality caused by the instability of the social situa- tion are formulated. The scientific and methodological concept of the development of pedagogical science as a social institution for the production of scientific pedagogical knowledge, an adaptive transition to a qualitatively new state of educational systems through an adequate response to changes in the external environment in the conditions of a new normality is proposed. Through a survey of participants in the network collaboration of the Ural Federal District, the most important problems in the reform of teacher education are highlighted. The results of the study provide grounds for a better understanding of the process of transformation of pedagogical science in the context of a new normality, clarifying the results of the changes being made and can be used to justify management decisions.

Annotation: With the development of information technology and the growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI), the issue of its application in education arises. In the conditions of a new digital civilization, it is necessary to learn how to manage information chaos and extract benefits only from interaction with artificial intelligence. Information and digital literacy is becoming the modern basis of educational communication, which radically changes the quality and content of learning at all levels of education. In the context of global digitalization of the world, the scientific paradigm as a whole is changing, in particular, the paradigm of education is changing. The prospects of the emergence of a fundamentally new system of educational relations in the context of the use of AI and ma- chine learning are considered. Adaptive AI-based learning systems offer new opportunities to enrich the learn- ing environment and improve teaching effectiveness. The article substantiates general approaches to learning with the support of AI, which will facilitate flexible adaptation to the needs of production and the labor market, allowing for regular analysis of the results of continuous learning. Automatic daily updating of the strengths and weaknesses of learning outcomes, possible cooperation, as well as collective decision-making will make it possible to prolong the educational trajectory of students using AI tools.

Annotation: The object of research is students’ digital information culture development, and the subject is the pedagogi- cal conditions of its efficiency. The main purpose of the work, namely, the disclosure of these conditions and the mechanisms of their influence on the information development of personality in the digital age, is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) substantiation of the importance of pedagogical conditions as factors and at the same time a component of the process under consideration; 2) analysis of interpreta- tions and understandings of the category “pedagogical conditions” in modern scientific and pedagogical discourse; 3) grouping of pedagogical conditions, taking into account the specifics of the educational activity under consideration; 4) disclosure and substantiation of the mechanism of influence of the studied conditions as a factor in the development of students’ personality. Special emphasis is made on the content and intellectual conditionality of information activities. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the conditions under consideration are of informative, organizational, methodological, and socio- personal nature, which correlates with the understanding of digital information culture as an integrative quality. The novelty of the work consists in the disclosure of pedagogical conditions at the level of very specific empirical situations, taking into account the specifics of the educational activities of students of the digital age.

Annotation: The article examines the ecolinguistic aspect of foreign language teaching process to students of different cat- egories. The purpose of this article is to define and describe linguoecological risks in the paradigm of language education. The characteristics of such linguoecological risks as language modification, language nihilism, loss of the national language originality are presented, and the negative consequences that may result from ignoring them in foreign language teaching process are also presented. The authors emphasize that in the context of glo- balization and the English language dominance, the problem of preserving linguistic identity becomes especially significant. The linguoecological risks which arise in teaching foreign language process are a topical issue in modern language education and require a comprehensive approach to be studied taking into account cultural and sociolinguistic factors. The article attempts to clarify the concept of “linguoecological risk”, and also presents an interpretation of linguoecological risks in linguodidactic coordinates and provides specific examples of their functioning in the educational process. This study emphasizes the importance of studying linguoecological risks as a priority task for teachers and government agencies involved in language policy. It will help to preserve the national language and ensure harmonious coexistence of different cultures in the context of globalization.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the possibilities of the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” in the forming of uni- versal competencies among cadets of military universities. The aim of the research is to ask what content and results of the study of the discipline will meet the requirements of regulatory legal documents, the realization by cadets of their internal potential and the formation of general psychological and pedagogical competence. The research uses methods of pedagogical design, forecasting and programming of the discipline’s educational material. The research methodology is based on competence-based and personal-activity approaches. The article actualizes as the main idea and main conclusion the importance of mastering discipline in the holistic personal and professional development of a cadet as a future officer. It is proved that the content of the discipline develops such universal competencies as “Systemic and critical thinking”, “Teamwork and leadership”, “Self-organization and self-development”, “Inclusive competence”. Unlike other articles that are similar in subject, an integrated and holistic approach to the forming of universal competencies among students in higher education in the dis- cipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” is recommended. The author’s recommendations on the results of training in the development of universal competencies by cadets are proposed, the pedagogical conditions for effective programming of the study of the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” are substantiated. The scope of the article is not limited to military universities, it is of interest to the organizers of psychological and pedagogical education in higher and secondary vocational education.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of preparing future teachers of the Russian language for the organization of educational and research activities of schoolchildren. The object of the study is the process of preparing stu- dents of a pedagogical university for future professional activity. The subject of the study is the preparation of students of philology to implementation of the guidelines the educational and research activities of schoolchil- dren. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey of students of the Philological Faculty of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. In addition to the expected areas of interest for university students in terms of conducting research, the survey made it possible to identify areas fr om other fields of knowledge. The results of the survey and the general experience of teachers in philology have allowed us to expand the methodologi- cal recommendations for organizing and conducting educational research for students of philology, as well as to clarify the tasks for preparing them for implementing the guidelines for schoolchildren’s research activities. The article also provides methodological techniques of work implemented in the practice of teaching a separate discipline on the basics of organizing research activities. The development of methodological approaches to the forming of research skills among future teachers of Russian language and literature can contribute to improving the effectiveness of the organization of educational research in a school environment, wh ere the teacher will act as a supervisor directing the research activity of schoolchildren.

Annotation: The study is devoted to the analysis of the deficits of students of a pedagogical university in preparation for volunteering at school. The study of the causes and factors that reduce the success of educational activities in the field of volunteering by future teachers in their interaction with schoolchildren is conducted. As a result of interviewing and surveying students of pedagogical specialties, deficiencies were identified in the field of personal motivation of students for volunteer activities and organizing it at school, which can negatively affect their further practical work in this aspect in the future. Promising areas for overcoming the identified difficul- ties in the field of training students of a pedagogical university are identified. These include the development and implementation of a special educational course in the system of professional training of future teachers to develop the skills of students to organize volunteer activities at school, the inclusion of methods of motivating volunteering in the program of this course.

Annotation: The article reveals the importance of applying the approach of career-guidance tours in training specialists in the direction of “Technosphere Safety”. Professions in this area are associated with emergency situations and require the acquisition of special competencies. The article considers the principles of creation and functioning of professionally oriented volunteer organizations, on the basis of which career-guidance tours are carried out for students and advanced acquaintance with the practical side of the chosen specialty is realized. The important role of integrating informal activities of students into the educational program in the direction of training is noted. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey among students. The method of comparative analysis of the obtained empirical data was used as a diagnostic tool. A comparative assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of employment of university graduates was made. High efficiency of applying the approach of career-guidance tours in training specialists in technosphere safety is noted. The results obtained can be implemented in the development of educational technologies, pedagogical methods and teaching methods at all levels of professional education.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the general university philosophy course has a huge ideological potential, which, according to pedagogical experience, which is hardly used in modern educational technolo- gies. The object of the research is the didactic features of the students’ study of the «basic issue of philosophy». The subject of the study is the presentation of Pascal’s wager to students as the basis for a person’s ideological choice. The aim of the work is to substantiate the metaphysical asymmetry of this choice. The research methods are intellectual experiment, comparative analysis, inference by analogy and empirical generalization. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the assertion of the priority of a person’s religious choice against his secular orientation. The field of application of the research results is multidimensional educational interactions and didactic strategies in both secondary and higher education. The second part of the article examines the di- dactic and ideological aspects of the study of the famous Pascal’s wager by the students in the course of general philosophy. Pascal’s wager is an almost mathematically accurate answer to the question of which life navigation system is better for a person to choose: the one, which is oriented towards materialism and atheism or the one, which is oriented towards philosophical idealism and theism.

Annotation: A technique for representing and calculating the orientation of the heliostatic mirror based on vector representations of the directions to the sun and the mirror related to a fixed observation point is presented. Vector representation of directions to the sun and the heliostatic mirror allows us to obtain a description of the mirror orientation that is quite clear and simple in algorithmic implementation of calculations. Operations with vectors are significantly simplified when using a projection in Cartesian coordinates. In addition to expressions for vector transformations of directions, a summary of formulae is given for calculating the position of the sun in a local coordinate system depending on geographic coordinates, date and time. The obtained relationships can be implemented in an algo- rithm for controlling the heliostatic mirror mechanism according to a given time schedule using two independent drives: azimuth and elevation. The developed method for calculating the orientation of the heliostatic mirror based on vector representations can be used in practical problems of monitoring the characteristics of solar radiation.