Annotation: The individualization of learning has led to the need to take into account and apply cognitive factors in education. This article examines novel forms and methods for implementing the technological functions of cognitive learning within a digital information-educational environment. A new characteristic of learning, called “engagement”, is considered, which is associated with the need to use cognitive methods. The role of cognitive technologies in adaptive learning is revealed. It is noted that cognitive technologies are becoming more important in blended learning. The difference in the realization of cognitive functions in an electronic and natural educational environ- ment is methodologically explained. A concept of cognitive educational communicativistics is proposed, which allows for a systematic view of cognitive technologies not only as a tool for the digitalization of education but also for fostering a new pedagogical mindset. The basic principles of creating a new interdisciplinary field link- ing cognitive processes and communication in the educational environment are considered. The prerequisites for the training of future teachers who are ready for the introduction and application of cognitive technologies are highlighted and substantiated. The concept of communicativistics opens up opportunities for a systematic understanding of the role of cognitive technologies in modern education and can serve as a methodological basis for further research.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problem of development of economic culture of students. The subject of the study is the pedagogical conditions for the development of economic culture of students of a professional educational organization. Three interrelated approaches are used – systemic, competence and activity-based during the theo- retical and methodological analysis of the process of development of economic culture of students. This is due to the semantics of the basic term “economic culture”, considered in the article as a set of elements: economic knowledge, practical skills and abilities; moral and economic orientation of the individual; ways of organizing activities; norms regulating human behavior in society. Pedagogical observations of the authors show that in pro- fessional educational organizations, the economic culture of students is not developing effectively enough, lagging behind modern socio-economic realities. The resolution of this contradiction is possible through the creation of the necessary pedagogical conditions in the educational organization that ensure effective control of this process. The scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the systematization of pedagogical conditions for the effective development of economic culture, including a set of pedagogical measures structured by the authors into three groups: informative, organizational, methodological and socio-personal. The proposed system of peda- gogical conditions will contribute to efficiency in improving the level of economic culture of future specialists.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the methodological potential of foreign-language conversation clubs in higher educational institutions. The methodological potential of a foreign-language conversation club is consid- ered as a set of possibilities of this tool to achieve the best results in learning a foreign language. In the course of the research, the structure of the tasks of the conversation club and the competencies that are necessary for the teacher in charge of the club’s work are highlighted. It is noted that in addition to the practical aspect, an important task of the conversation club is to create motivation to better master a foreign language and remove the language barrier. At the structural level, the methodological potential of a foreign-language conversation club is revealed in speech activity and the forming of the necessary linguistic and communicative skills of the participants. An empirical study was conducted on the basis of the “Speak Up!” conversation club of Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. Various forms of meetings are presented, during which students had the opportunity to develop communication skills, speaking, listening, reading and writing skills and also improve lexical, grammatical and pronunciation skills. A reflection of the students’ participation in the work of the “Speak Up!” conversation club was carried out, on the basis of which the directions for improving this method of teaching were determined.

Annotation: The article presents the results of a theoretical review and an empirical study of students’ ambition and desire for power. These phenomena are traditionally considered in personality psychology and social psychology. However, their operationalization and empirical verification are limited and fragmented. The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the expression of power orientation among students with different self-esteem of ambition. The empirical base of the study included 102 students from three universities (aged 18–23). The method “Self- assessment of ambition” (O.V. Barsukova) and test of social and psychological attitudes of the individual in the motivational-need sphere (O.F. Potemkina) were used. The results showed that a majority of students (62.75 %) described themselves as ambitious. The analysis revealed that power motivation is significantly higher among ambitious students compared to their non-ambitious peers, although in both groups it remains within the low range. The novelty of this research lies in correlating self-assessed ambition with the level of power motivation, which provides a clearer understanding of the structure of motivational sphere in young adults at the student age. The research results can be used in practical psychology when developing programs for psychological support of students, and in personnel and management practices.

Annotation: The article is devoted to researching the potential of generative artificial intelligence models in teaching cal- culus to students in IT degree programs. The relevance of the work is driven by the need to automate teachers’ routine tasks, personalize learning, and reduce cognitive load while maintaining the quality of education. The article outlines a methodology for applying generative models to teaching calculus, which ensures a balance between automation and the development of students’ analytical thinking. A systematization of the areas for us- ing generative artificial intelligence in teaching calculus is provided. A specific case study on the application of generative models in calculus education is considered; a system of prompts was developed and tested in teach- ing practice. An empirical study employing a survey was conducted, involving 69 first-year students majoring in “Fundamental Informatics”. The results showed that the student experience of using generative networks in studying calculus is represented by the following activities: solving problems with step-by-step explanations (67 %), checking their own solutions (62 %), preparing for exams and tests (52 %), explaining theoretical ma- terial (57 %), and generating examples and problems for practice (34 %). Both advantages and challenges of using generative models in education are noted. It is concluded that generative models are advisable for use not only as an auxiliary tool for students but also as a resource for teachers. The results obtained can be used in developing educational technologies for mathematical disciplines and methodological approaches for the correct application of artificial intelligence in learning.

Annotation: The article presents the key aspects of professional education that meet modern challenges. The evolution of the concept of “professional education” from an applied understanding in the middle of the 20th century to modern compe-tence-oriented approaches is demonstrated. It is noted that professional education goes beyond the process of forming narrow-profile knowledge and competencies and affects the moral, cultural and civic components of a personality, ensuring its adaptation to a socio-cultural and professional environment. The professional ed-ucation of a future engineering teacher is considered as an integrative process combining engineering and pedagogical competencies. The structure of the com-ponents of professional upbringing has been developed, which are linked into a single system, which allows them to be considered as complementary qualities of a professionally educated person. The results of the research can be applied in the development of educational programs for teacher training in engineering and technical universities, in the sys-tem of advanced training and retraining. The developed structure of the compo-nents of professional upbringing can serve as a basis for designing educational work programs, as well as for creating diagnostic tools for assessing the formation of professionally significant qualities in students.

Annotation: The article examines laser scanning technologies as a tool for information modeling of spatial objects. The scan results are considered as an information model of a certain type. Three main information models are considered using the example of laser scanning for examining transport routes: a point cloud model, a three-dimensional model of object points, and a digital image as an information model on a plane. Laser scanning is associated with the processing of a large amount of data, which necessitates the processing of spatial objects in parts. It is shown that information collection technologies based on point-by-point information collection lose their con- nections between the parts of the object. The same problem occurs when processing spatial objects in parts. In order to restore connections in object models, a comprehensive technique is proposed for interfacing informa- tion models obtained by laser scanning of an object. The developed approach to the transformation of a large amount of data based on information modeling provides a holistic representation of a spatial object with high accuracy. In order to improve the visual perception of the model, color coding of points based on photography and thematic mapping is proposed. The article presents the stages of information modeling using mobile laser scanning using the example of a specific section of the Bulgarian highway (Troyan – Karnare pass) with high- quality measurements. The results of the study can be useful to specialists in the field of monitoring transport infrastructures, transport construction, geodesy, big data processing, and road safety.

Annotation: This study is aimed at a comprehensive review of the security problem of the Domain Name System (DNS) in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), where limited computing resources of devices are combined with high requirements for reliability and fault tolerance. A comparative analysis of specialized DNS protection protocols is presented, including DNSSEC, DoH, DoT, DoQ, as well as lightweight solutions such as DoC and mDNS, applicable under resource-limited conditions. The protocols were tested both in a virtualized environ- ment and on a microcontroller, enabling an assessment of their efficiency across different infrastructure levels. A scientific and methodological approach to the analysis of DNS protection protocols within the framework of the industrial Internet of Things is proposed, including the following procedures: the forming of a classification of cyberattacks on DNS in an industrial environment; the introduction of a semi-quantitative risk assessment model adapted to conditions of limited computing power; the comparison of traditional and lightweight protocols based on practical experiments. The investigation results can be applied to the selection of DNS security protocols in industrial systems, as well as in educational and methodological contexts.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of task selection and distribution among executors in the context of software pro- jects using Scrum methodology. The solution to this problem is proposed by reducing it to the problem of multiple knapsacks and solving it using population algorithms, in particular, the ensemble of genetic algorithm and bacte- rial chemotaxis algorithm. The article presents a model for calculating the priority of a task and its execution time for a particular performer. Classes of input data are described. The main stages of the algorithms and the values of their tuning parameters are explained. A metric for evaluating the quality of the results of the proposed method has been developed. The set of algorithms parameters, at which the quality index will be high for most classes of input data, is defined. The comparison of the operating time of the software implementation of the algorithms and their combinations, as well as the quality of the obtained calculation results, is given. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the ensemble algorithms to the selected classes of input data. The results of the study show the effectiveness of using the developed method for distributing work in comparison with its individual algorithms.

Annotation: The future of education is associated with educational ecosystems, the role of which in the forming of environ- mental culture and the transmission of practices sustainable development can hardly be overestimated. In edu- cational ecosystems, there is an exchange of knowledge, experience and innovative approaches to environmental education, sustainable development practices are formed, and environmental responsibility skills are acquired. The purpose of this study is to consider educational ecosystems in the context of the forming of environmental culture and sustainable development, as well as to identify promising areas, the implementation of which in the educational ecosystem will contribute to increasing the environmental responsibility of students. To solve this problem, the study uses the method of studying the scientific literature on the concepts of “environmental culture” and “educational ecosystem”, a review of the legislative framework regulating environmental education at the national and international levels is conducted, the results presented in national and international rankings and voiced in analytical reports are summarized. Based on the results of the study, it was found that productive co- operation and partnership in the educational ecosystem form a positive result from such integration, consisting in providing participants with the opportunity to implement environmental innovations and sustainable develop- ment practices. The results obtained contribute to the development of an ecosystem approach in environmental education due to a deeper understanding of the importance of forming an environmental culture and sustainable development among students.

Annotation: The article studies the actual socio-philosophical problem of rethinking traditional values in the context of rapidly changing modernity. A number of important traditional values, such as the priority of spiritual interests over material ones, common good over personal, patriarchal family and others, are rationally and critically examined. At the same time, their outdated semantic potential is revealed and a new conceptual understanding is proposed in the perspective of increasing degrees of personal and social freedom. The author’s approach is based on the acceptance of the general civilizational tendency of building harmonious relations between spiritual and material interests of man, as well as personal and common good. The article pays special attention to the modern synthetic understanding of the value of human dignity as a unity of social utility of a person and his moral and legal self-value. Thanks to the combination of pragmatic and moral-legal interests it is possible to achieve the fullness of being of a person and the whole society. The necessary practical task of the research is also to rethink the value of the family not as a patriarchal institution, but as a voluntary union of equal partners aimed at the joint achievement of a happy life. The final aspect of our study is to analyze the traditional concept of “volushka-volya” as negative freedom. The objective necessity of transition to positive freedom, namely to its highest manifestations in political, moral-religious and creative independence of the individual is shown. Practical realization of these renewed values will be an important condition for sustainable and successful development of the Russian society.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is related to the decline in the overall quality level of modern domestic higher educa- tion and, especially, its socio-humanitarian component, in which philosophy is the leading discipline studied by students of all universities, regardless of the area and profile of training. The object of the study is the pedagogi- cal features of teaching philosophy in higher education institutions. The subject of the research is the didactic specifics of studying the structure of philosophical knowledge. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the pedagogical maxim, according to which the degree of effectiveness of both secondary and higher education can be significantly increased provided the simplicity, clarity and vitality of the material offered to students. The research methods are pedagogical observation, comparative analysis, the formal logical method of dividing concepts, the classical method of defining concepts, deduction, induction and analogy, idealization and thought experiment. The result of the work is the substantiation and demonstration of the didactic possibility of trans- forming educational material in the educational process from complex, incomprehensible and uninteresting to simple, understandable and interesting. The field of application of the research results is the theory and practice of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines in higher education institutions.