Headings of the journal
"Educational Resources and Technologies"

Annotation: The state and development of infology, which represents the science of information as a phenomenon in all types of society activities is considered in the article. The key issue of infology is people training in working with information in the most productive way. The basic triad of infology is highlighted, on which all reasoning is built. The basic triad includes an information field, information objects, information units. The information field is a reflection of the real world and connects disparate information objects into a single model. Infological categories are highlighted within the information field, which emerge when solving scientific, engineering and educational problems. An information object is a generalized concept that includes information models, information situations, information constructions, information metamodels. Information units are represented as indivisible elements of an information object and an information field. They allow us to conduct the structuring of information objects and form an information description of the world view. The situations of a semantic gap in the information field as a result of the implementation of contradictory categories in the display of the objects under study or the emergence of new objects of the real world are considered. The conceptual foundations of infology in the elimination of semantic gaps are revealed. In general, the aim of the article is systematization of the basic concepts and categories of ontology as a science and as practice within a rapidly developing field of information activity.

Annotation: The article deals with the method of comparative assessment of group performance of students on the basis of specially developed characteristics. The methodology is intended for comparative analysis of the results of the activities of different groups within the same educational institution. In this paper, we propose a new type of sigmoid function, which is called the academic performance function. The arguments of the academic performance function are positive values. In fact, these arguments are related to the number of students in the group and the grades received. The special characteristics of the proposed methodology are the efficiency function and the integral evaluation of the test results. The method of comparative assessment of group performance of students using the proposed performance function is an alternative to the Rasch model. In practical application for teaching staff, the method is less time-consuming, which is demonstrated by practical examples. The method is described and the results of experimental evaluation using this method are presented. The conditions for using the method are described.

Annotation: The article examines the problem of creating and developing a comprehensive system of industrial environmental monitoring. The complexity of the problem lies in the presence of uncertainty in solving the problems of assessing and forecasting the environmental situation. The complexity of the structure and functionality of heterogeneous industrial environmental monitoring systems is shown, the relevance of modeling local systems at various levels is justified. Methods of mathematical support of software complexes of industrial environmental monitoring systems are investigated, characteristic features are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the methods used in the models allowed us to conclude that in certain cases, some of the methods cannot be used, some will require adaptation to a given object by empirically refining the coefficients of the equations underlying the method. Another group of methods is singled out, which does not take into account the geographical specifics of the area or, taking it into account, gives significant calculation errors commensurate with the initial values of concentrations. To solve the problem of leveling these shortcomings, an information model for modeling and monitoring the environmental situation is proposed. Recommendations are formulated for the creation and development of local industrial environmental monitoring systems based on improving numerical modeling methods, strengthening integration with enterprise information system platforms, expanding the functionality of remote data transmission, strengthening the analytical functionality of software tools.

Annotation: The article takes into cognizance the historical creation and evolution of the European Parliament Institute in the second half of the XX – and early XXI centuries. This pertinence is justified by the steady increase in the value of this structure in, the system of European Union bodies, despite the fact, that the European Union, which consist of 27 countries, currently considers itself to be one of the major centers of a multi-polar world. The purpose of the article is to identify the stages of formation of this structure, transformation of its values and functions over the past 70 years. Document analysis and the comparative historical methods were used as the key rules of work. The article provides an overview of the key powers of the European Parliament, shows their changes under the influence of the development of Western European integration. Attention is paid to the gradual expansion of the controlling functions of the EP, the transition first from consultative powers to deliberative and, finally, to legislative ones. The article analyzes the provisions of the Rome, Maastricht, Amsterdam, Lisbon treaties, the Single European Act, the Nice Treaty. On the basis of their position, the four stages of development of the European Parliament are substantiated, indicating the characteristic processes and innovations.

Annotation: The problems that caused the need for the development of case computing are considered in the paper. Alternative paradigms to classical computing have emerged: situational (technical) and neuromorphic (biological), as well as their combination. An alternative paradigm of information processing has appeared, based on modeling brain activity. Biosimilars of computational procedures are considered in the article and compared with situational information processing. It is shown that all biosimilars are case algorithms. Different types of computing and computing systems are considered, the directions of development of situational computing are highlighted. A model of a situation reflecting a change in the external environment for the simulated object, and a model of a computational situation reflecting the process of computing management or case computing are described in the article. The analysis of methods of case information processing based on biosimilars is presented in the article. It is shown that state of the art computing in complex situations should include computing control functions. This is confirmed by parallel and distributed computing systems. It is noted that biosimilars as case calculations are necessary in embedded systems and in cyber-physical systems with a large number of sensors and effectors.