Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of judicial practice as one of the most significant instruments for overcom- ing gaps in criminal law. Theoretical and legal foundations of legal gaps, their correlation with the analogy of statute and the analogy of law, as well as the specifics of judicial interpretation in the context of the principle of legality are considered. Particular attention is paid to the historical stages of the forming of the role of judicial practice in Russia — from the pre-revolutionary interpretation of laws by the Senate to the modern practice of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The impact of the Supreme Court Plenum resolutions on filling gaps in the regulation of new types of crime, including cybercrime and extremism, is analyzed. It is concluded that judicial practice in criminal law has a dual nature: on the one hand, it ensures legal certainty and fills legislative lacunae, and on the other hand, it entails the risks of “judicial law-making” and blurring of the principle of legality. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article analyzes the criminological characteristics of the personality of a female criminal based on socio- demographic, criminal-legal, moral-psychological, social-role, and penal-executive characteristics. The author has established that criminologists are currently inclined to seek an explanation for the criminal personality and its unlawful behavior not in physiology and psychiatry, but in social psychology and psychological theories of personality. In domestic criminology, the concept of a social personality type of a female criminal is used, which includes significant socio-psychological characteristics in the form of stable ways of her behavior when interacting with the surrounding social environment. The social type of a woman is a unity of her individual personality traits with typical characteristics of those social groups in which she is included. The stability of her behavior patterns allows us to identify her types of criminal behavior. Taking this into account, it is noted that in domestic criminology there are various approaches to defining the criteria by which it is appropriate to reveal the features and characteristics inherent in a particular category of female criminals. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article analyzes the general principles of sentencing and criminological characteristics of the perpetrator’s personality in relation to such a specific crime as theft from an oil pipeline, an oil product pipeline or a gas pipe- line (paragraph “b” of Part 3 of Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The relevance of this study is determined by the high social danger of these acts and the presence of pronounced problems in law enforcement practice that require scientific understanding. The methodological basis was a systematic analysis of the materials of criminal cases, which made it possible to differentiate criminal attacks into two main groups: theft of oil and petroleum products, and theft of gas. The study showed that, despite the uniform criminal law norm, judicial practice demonstrates a sustainable differentiated approach. It was found that in the vast majority of cases (85 %), actual imprisonment is imposed for the theft of oil and petroleum products, while a suspended sentence is almost always applied for the theft of gas (97 %). Punishments such as fines and forced labor are imposed only in isolated cases (15 % and 2 %, respectively). The article analyzes in detail the typical mitigating and aggravating circumstances, as well as presents a criminological portrait of the perpetrators, which differs significantly for the two groups in motivation, level of organization and socio-demographic indicators. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the private legal framework for regulating the provision of early assistance to “at-risk” children for the development of limited health opportunities, as well as to children with established disabilities. The author pays attention to the norms of family and civil law, as well as the norms of social security law in their private legal aspect, when organizing the process of providing early assistance to children. The study par- ticularly emphasizes the complex nature of early assistance, not only from the perspective of legal regulation by the norms of various branches of law, but also from the perspective of the subject – the recipients of early assistance are not only children with health problems themselves, but also their family members, whose circle is not limited to parents, as well as other legal representatives. A special place in the study is given to the analysis of various aspects in the field of the possibility of using digital and other modern remote technologies in the process of providing early assistance. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: В статье на основе статистических данных ГИАЦ МВД России и Судебного департамента при Верхов- ном Суде Российской Федерации проводится анализ состояния и динамики преступных нарушений тайны переписки, телефонных переговоров, почтовых, телеграфных или иных сообщений в России за последние 10 лет (2015–2024). Отмечено, что преступление по ст. 138 УК РФ не является распространенным в следственно-судебной практике. Определены факторы, способствующие латентности указанных преступлений. Рассмотрены примеры соответствующей следственно-судебной практики. На основе анализа демографических признаков осужденных по ст. 138 УК РФ составлен типичный портрет лич- ности преступника, совершающего преступные деяния как по основному, так и по квалифицированному составу преступления. Определено, что совершение преступления во многом предопределяет попадание лица в криминогенную ситуацию, приведшую к совершению преступления. Также рассматриваются об- стоятельства, способствовавшие совершению преступления с использованием служебного положения. По тексту статьи Российская Федерация сокращенно указывается – РФ.