Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation:

Annotation: The article examines the processes occurring in the global economy, their impact on foreign economic activity and the policy of the Russian Federation in this area. The foreign economic policy of the state should be aimed at expanding the sales markets of domestic goods, strengthening the country’s position and the competitiveness of the economy in global trade. The processes that occur in world trade in goods and services are dissonant. The article explains the causes of conflicting trends in the global economy. On the one hand, this is a weakening of globalization processes, on the other hand, the strengthening of protectionist measures, the protection of the domestic market by countries as a reaction to the consequences of the 2008–2009 crisis. The “economic wars” between the United States and China also have a negative impact on the global economy. The article analyzes the foreign economic activity of Russia, explores the causes of negative trends and the problems. The results of the research are the identification of the problems of the foreign economic sector of the Russian economy, the identification of perspective areas of international cooperation in the economic sphere.

Annotation: The article describes an emerging trend in Russian initiative budgeting (IB) – independent municipal practices aimed at involving citizens in making decisions on budget expenditures. The purpose of this work is to outline the importance of comprehensive support for these processes from regional and federal authorities. In 2020, the municipal IB practices received legal enforcement in the federal legislation on local self-government. At present local authorities face the challenge to develop and introduce IB in their work. In 2019, the municipal IB practices were implemented in 24 regions of the Russian Federation. In a number of regions, high indicators of IB development at the municipal level are the result of the policy pursued by the financial authorities. Using the data of IB federal monitoring, the article presents an analysis of the processes in the Russian municipalities, including an overview of existing support measures and motivational mechanisms. It considers the Russian municipal practices and international cases of participatory budgeting support at the municipal level. It is concluded that in addition to regulations and incentives, the most important measures are: awareness-raising, training, consulting support and monitoring of the quality of implementation.

Annotation: Small businesses are an important category for the economy of a region or country. Even though not all these organizations meet the criteria for conducting a mandatory audit, conducting an initiative audit increases the degree of confidence in the reporting of these organizations. However, conducting an audit in organizations that are small businesses has certain features due to their use of simplified methods of accounting and reporting. At the same time, at the planning stage, the auditor should evaluate the right of the audited entity to use simplified accounting methods by performing audit procedures. The article presents the formats of working documents that can be used by the auditor when conducting an audit of small businesses at the stage of planning and performing substantive audits. The article elaborates in detail the regulatory and legal framework for determining the object of audit activity, examines and clarifies the main criteria that make it possible to classify an economic entity as a small business entity.

Annotation: In the article, the author considers the features of income distribution in situations of monopolization of the market. In such markets, due to a violation of the competitive balance, one or several very large enterprises are able to control the size and quality of the supply, as well as the price, which leads to an uneven distribution of income. The author claims that the unearned income that made and appropriated by the monopolist should be considered as monopoly rent or monopoly revenue, depending on whether this income is the result of an unfair distribution or the result of pumping wealth beyond the added value created. The author is inclined to consider various kinds of competition restrictions as the source of such phenomena as monopoly rent and monopoly revenue. The greatest attention in the article is paid to the consideration of monopoly rents and its theoretical calculation. In the calculations, it is proposed to build on the indicators achievable in conditions of perfect competition.