Headings of the journal
"Educational Resources and Technologies"

Annotation: Currently, transformer-based transfer learning methods are used to solve natural language processing problems, but they can be demanding on computing resources and memory. An alternative approach proposed in this article is related to the use of a pre-trained language model based on the recurrent neural network LSTM (Long Short- Term Memory), which allows natural language processing (tonality analysis) to be performed on a set containing text data. As a reference test of the proposed model for solving the problem of recognizing the “hate speech” in the text, other models based on transformers are considered. The degradation test, which evaluates the resilience of models to performance degradation with a decrease in the amount of training data, confirms the effectiveness of the model for a limited training dataset. The proposed LSTM model based on a recurrent neural network allows us to use a pre-trained language model from scratch and provide faster pre-learning in transformer-based models.

Annotation: The article describes the comparative effectiveness of automated credit risk assessment by modern machine learning methods (Naive Bayes classifier, k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, “random forest” and deep neural network). A database was modeled from available open sources, samples were made, and data was preprocessed. Machine learning models have been trained and tested, and compared by quality metrics. Based on the test results, the parameters of the machine learning model were optimized by a complete search of combinations of statistical models (rule-based method, k-nearest neighbor method, logistic regression, discriminant analysis, naive Bayes classifier, neural networks and decision trees). Each of the traditional classifiers (naive Bayes classifier, k-nearest neighbor method, logistic regression, “random forest”, deep neural network) was improved with the use of standardization mechanisms and dimensionality reduction by the principal component method. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of machine learning models, the best result was demonstrated by a neural network model with optimized parameters, which provided the best indicators for all evaluation metrics.

Annotation: The article examines the problem of information security of smart systems. The level of digitalization of smart systems is continuously increasing and vulnerability factors and threats are changing accordingly. Therefore, the information protection process needs to be continuously improved. The purpose of the work is to systematize the threats and vulnerabilities of modern systems of smart things, to develop recommendations for improving their information security. The systematics of threats to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless technologies is presented. An example of vulnerabilities of a smart system when using Wi-Fi technology is considered. The typological series of Wi-Fi technology is presented, which is created according to the degree of the transmitted information security growth. The threats and vulnerabilities of the technology when using specific Wi-Fi network protection protocols are shown. The example shows that information threats appear not only because of the vulnerabilities of wireless information transmission technology, but also because of the technological features of the use of this technology in other systems, including “smart things”. A comparison is made of the security of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies based on the use of the modern WPA3 protocol. Recommendations have been developed for the transmission of confidential information via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth channels.

Annotation: The article describes the state and development of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of physical culture and sports management were carried out using methods of extrapolation, system analysis and comparison. The article highlights typical problems and shortcomings of the development of sports using the Karaganda region as an example. In addition, the study points out a discrepancy in the development of structural components of both mass sports and high perfomance sports at the level of the Karaganda region. It is concluded that effective management of physical culture and sports can be achieved with a cluster approach that can link all components of sports and ensure their proportional development. As a result of the study, the authors identified factors that influence the development of youth policy in the field of physical culture and sports. A trend model has been created based on projected values of the indicator “Sport services and services for organizing recreational activities” from 2022 to 2024. The model made it possible to, first, identify the trend towards an increase in demand for sport services and recreation services in the Republic of Kazakhstan and, second, to identify possible directions for improving the mechanisms of the development of physical culture and sports.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to find effective methods for teaching philosophical disciplines aimed at overcoming educational demotivation and skepticism of students regarding humanitarian knowledge. Modern students are characterized by a pragmatic approach, evaluating information from the point of view of usefulness and applied significance, which is why it is important for a teacher to have a set of tools that allow them to reveal the vital, existential meaning of abstract problems of philosophy and logic, which are not actually divorced from human needs and demands of everyday life. The object of the research is the didactic features of familiarizing students (non-philosophical areas of education) with the main content of the university disciplines “Philosophy” and “Logic” as general education courses. The subject of the study is the didactic specificity of the study of the famous paradoxes of Zeno of Elea, which as a teaching material are in the semantic field of both philosophical and logical problems. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the heuristic and educational potential of the chosen topic and the practical significance of its study at a university from the point of view of the forming of positive cognitive motivation, the development of critical, multidimensional and creative thinking of students, self-actualization and self-knowledge. The research methods are empirical generalization, conclusions by analogy, deductively and inductively constructed conclusions, idealization, abstraction, thought experiment and comparative analysis. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the substantiation of the position that virtually any material from general university courses of philosophy and logic, with appropriate didactic construction, design and presentation, can be a factor in increasing the level of cognitive interest of students and a stimulus for self-actualization of personality. The scope of application of the research results is world outlook and philosophical heuristics, logical paradoxology, effective didactic strategies and diverse educational interactions not only in higher but also in secondary school.