Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article examines the transformation of the Indian labor market in the face of global economic chal- lenges. It examines employment dynamics and the structure of unemployment in contemporary India, analy- ses key trends in labor relations, and highlights the specifics of labor market interactions between India and Russia. This article emphasizes the critical importance of studying demographic factors and structural imbalances in the Indian labor market. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of “jobless growth”, gender imbalance, and high youth unemployment. Prospects for Russian-Indian cooperation in the field of human resources are analyzed, including employment opportunities for Indian specialists in Russia and the development of high-tech industries in India. Recommendations are made to improve employment regulation mechanisms and increase the efficiency of labor resource use. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing India’s labor market challenges, taking into account internal struc- tural characteristics and opportunities for international cooperation. The study highlights the importance of further developing partnerships between Russia and India to create an effective employment system and realize the potential of both countries.

Annotation: The tightening of sanctions against China makes the assessment of its national innovation system’s capacity for autonomous development critically important. This article proposes a composite index of technological self-sufficiency that aggregates three components: innovation capacity, production capacity, and supply chain independence. The index builds upon a two-tier corporate model of “national champions” and “little giants” that encompasses large state-owned companies and certified small and medium-sized enterprises. Calculations for 2014–2024 show an increase in the index from 0.28 to 0.83, driven primarily by stronger supply chain in- dependence. Comparisons with international technology leadership indicators confirm the systemic nature of this shift. Before the sanctions, the model focused on catch-up development and expansion into international markets, and after that the focus changed to technological autonomy and a closed internal system. However, an asymmetry is revealed: the increase in production capacity is noticeably lagging behind innovative achievements, which creates a potential vulnerability of the model under further sanctions pressure.

Annotation: The article examines banking mechanisms of housing construction savings as an instrument for financing housing construction in Kazakhstan. The theoretical foundations of the housing construction savings system are analyzed, which is based on a combination of savings and credit mechanisms of bank financing for housing acquisition. Particular attention is paid to the role of banking institutions in the formation of long-term financial resources for the development of housing construction. The study evaluates the economic efficiency of the housing con- struction savings system and its impact on the development of the construction industry, the expansion of bank lending opportunities for the population, and the improvement of housing affordability. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific research, the key advantages of this model are identified, including the formation of a sustainable resource base for banks, the reduction of credit risks, and the stimulation of investment activity in the housing sector. The main constraints on the development of the system related to institutional and market factors are identified. Directions for improving the banking mechanisms of housing construction savings are proposed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of housing construction financing and expanding their role in the development of the national housing market.

Annotation: The article proposes an innovative “three-contour model” of planning for sustainable development (SD) of Russian regions, integrating the adapted Chinese experience of spatial and functional zoning (PLE approach) and based on a system combination: a strategic goal-setting contour (mandatory ESG indicators, differentiated scenarios for risk zones), a contour of technological solutions (“innovative supermarkets” for testing SD solu- tions, small nuclear power plants for energy-efficient infrastructure) and data management circuits (AI-mediated “digital twins” of regions, blockchain registers of ESG reporting). The article analyzes the controversial as- pects of implementing the model, taking into account the territorial specifics, as well as the institutional risks in the context of Russian socio-economic realities. The conclusion is substantiated that the key innovation of the model is to ensure the synergy of spatial analysis of the dynamics of PLE spaces, advanced technological tools and adaptive management mechanisms, which forms the basis for the transition from declarative strategies to a geographically oriented SD and the creation of an objective multi-level assessment index. A structured list of arguments for practical implementation has been proposed: positive aspects are technological leap in monitor- ing and forecasting, and increased management adaptability; while negative ones are institutional inertia, high initial investments, and a shortage of qualified personnel to work with AI and blockchain technologies.

Annotation: This article presents a comparative analysis of the global payment system SWIFT and China’s CIPS system, designed for cross-border yuan settlements. The authors examine the historical development, functional capa- bilities, and current status of both systems. Particular attention is given to SWIFT’s advantages (global reach, universality) and its vulnerabilities (dollar dependence, political risks). The study provides a detailed analysis of CIPS’ objectives: reducing reliance on Western financial systems, promoting the yuan as an international currency, and safeguarding against sanctions. The technological features of the Chinese payment system are investigated, including its integrated clearing and settlement functions, adoption of the ISO 20022 standard, and potential integration with the digital yuan. The authors evaluate CIPS’ current limitations (narrow currency focus, smaller participant network) and its development prospects. The conclusion suggests a probable scenario of parallel coexistence, where CIPS will carve out a niche in yuan-denominated and alternative transactions without fully replacing SWIFT in the foreseeable future

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the development of telemedicine in the BRICS countries, which account for more than 40% of the world’s population. Significant scientific and practical interest is associated with the global growth of digitalization of healthcare, with the proven effectiveness of remote medical care. Different socio-economic challenges, a variety of regulatory approaches, various technological innovations, the political significance and potential of international cooperation between the BRICS countries make it possible to identify the best medical practices and adapt them to the system. In international cooperation on healthcare develop- ment, BRICS acts as a platform for data exchange and joint projects, making it possible to reduce dependence on Western technologies. The article presents the main achievements, limitations, and prospects for using telemedicine consultations in five key BRICS countries. The study of telemedicine in the BRICS countries is relevant not only for these countries, but also for the entire community, as it allows comparing the effectiveness of different models in similar socio-economic conditions, identifies universal solutions for emerging markets, and promotes the sustainable development of medicine.

Annotation: The article provides a comparative analysis of the investment policies of the Russian Federation and a number of countries with significant experience in countering the sanctions regime in order to identify the key principles and mechanisms for successful adaptation of national economies to external restrictions. The cases of Iran, China, Myanmar, Venezuela and Russia are examined. It has been established that the key factors in economic sustainability under sanctions are geographical diversification of foreign economic relations, liberalization of economic policy to attract foreign investment, and balanced use of raw material exports. The analyzed success- ful strategies of the countries showed that their key elements were long-term planning, development of domestic production capacities and establishment of multilateral international partnerships. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of state policy to counter sanctions pressure, in particular, in the forming of a strategy for foreign economic activity, improvement of the investment climate, and determination of technological policy.

Annotation: The disappearance of the Aral Sea is a consequence of inefficient water management, as well as climate change, which creates new challenges for the region and leads to serious problems in the use of water resources. How- ever, international experience shows that despite the successful application of the paid water use mechanism, irrigated agriculture still requires significant government subsidies. Because the volume of necessary invest- ments in many regions is much higher than the financial capabilities of farmers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of managing the agricultural water supply system in the Central Asian region and identify ways to increase the sustainability of irrigation infrastructure. The study applied economic, statistical, factor and comparative analysis methods, as well as methods of generalizing conclusions, aimed at studying the eco- nomic, social and environmental aspects of water management and irrigated agriculture. A descriptive analysis of the state of water management in the region was carried out, the effectiveness of mechanisms for managing transboundary water resources and attracting investments was considered. As a result, the study showed that the current state of irrigated agriculture has led to a significant decrease in the volume of water entering the Aral Sea, a decrease in the area of agricultural land due to soil salinity, as well as depletion of water resources. The main beneficiaries of investments in irrigation systems are state bodies of the water and agricultural industries, as well as farming and peasant farms. It is necessary to attract investment, as well as measures to support farms that will ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The introduction of PPP mechanisms will ensure the long-term development of irrigation infrastructure and the rational use of water resources.

Annotation: The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of trade financing in Zambia, as well as an exploration of the opportunities for deepening Russian-Zambian cooperation. Special attention is paid to the access of small and medium-sized enterprises to financial instruments, institutional and infrastructure barriers, and the existing gap between supply and demand in the trade financing market. The role of digital technologies is considered, including the introduction of blockchain platforms and mobile ap- plications, as well as the impact of regulatory reforms aimed at reducing security requirements and simplifying procedures. The second part of the article focuses on the historical basis of trade and economic relations between Russia and Zambia and identifies key areas for their further development, including agriculture, energy, min- ing, and education. It is noted that the strategic partnership can contribute to the diversification of the Zambian economy, reduce dependence on copper exports and create new growth points. Additionally, the importance of educational and personnel initiatives that provide training for joint projects is emphasized. It is concluded that there is a need for institutional strengthening, the development of modern trade support mechanisms and the implementation of strategic joint projects.

Annotation: This article examines Russia’s role in BRICS economic cooperation through institutional and real-sector channels during 2015–2025. Using content analysis of strategic documents alongside statistical examination of financial and trade indicators, the study evaluates Russia’s engagement with the New Development Bank and Contingent Reserve Arrangement, as well as bilateral trade dynamics with BRICS partners. Russia holds 20 % NDB equity with USD 4,7–5 billion in approved projects, though operations were suspended in 2022. Within the CRA, Rus- sia contributes USD 18 billion but the mechanism remains unused. Comparative analysis of BRICS strategic documents (2016–2024) and Russian policy frameworks confirms alignment on multipolar financial architecture, infrastructure development, digital economy integration, and alternative settlement systems. However, structural asymmetries particularly Russia’s growing dependence on China for trade and logistics constrain deeper integra- tion. The study concludes that Russia’s strategic priorities center on expanding NDB project pipelines, develop- ing interoperable payment infrastructure for local currency settlements, and targeting high-multiplier sectoral projects in transport, energy technology, and industrial cooperation. These findings contribute empirical evidence on Russia’s evolving position within BRICS amid geopolitical restructuring and Western sanctions pressure.

Annotation: The article assesses the economic implication of microscopy technologies on the global market by creating an econometric model. Microscopic technologies, including optical, electronic, scanning probe and digital micro- scopes, play a key role in stimulating innovation and productivity in various industries. However, the economic significance of these technologies has not yet been fully assessed. The aim of the study is to fill this gap by quantifying the impact of key factors, such as R&D expenditure, the number of patents filed, the level of adop- tion, government funding, technological advancements, industrial output, workforce size, and global economic growth. During the study, a comprehensive review of relevant literature has been conducted, relevant data has been collected, an econometric model has been developed and verified, regression analysis has been performed, and the results have been interpreted. The conclusions provide information on the relative significance of these factors in shaping the global market for microscopy technologies, helping policymakers, industry representa- tives, and researchers understand the economic implications of investing in and developing these technologies.

Annotation: Over the past few years, the attention of regulators to digital assets has increased dramatically, especially after the loss of consumer confidence as a result of a number of high-profile bankruptcies of crypto companies, fraud and irrational use of customer funds which occurred on the market in 2022. The risk to market integrity indi- cates the need for a rapid and global approach to regulatory policy and supervisory system to ensure enhanced consumer protection. In this regard, the topic of this work is undoubtedly relevant. The article examines ap- proaches to the definition of digital assets, considers their classification, and analyzes current regulatory trends in diffenert countries. As a result of the study, a number of conclusions were made. First, despite the lack of a legally established and universally accepted definition of digital assets, they generally refer to anything that is stored in digital form, can be uniquely identified, and that a business can use to generate value. Second, a significant number of countries are conducting research and developing legislation to integrate digital assets, as a rule, into the existing financial services framework, paying special attention to the assurance of reliability, transparency, and the implementation of anti-money laundering and prevention of legalization of proceeds from crime. However, the rate of action, the approaches, the services and products covered, and even the definitions and terminology used remain highly disparate.

Annotation: This study examines the impact of global economic trends on Russian online retail networks and offers strategic insights for retailers. Through qualitative analysis of secondary data, including scientific literature and industry reports, key trends such as economic growth rates, trade policies, technological advances, and consumer behavior are investigated. The analysis shows that global economic fluctuations, trade policies, and technological innova- tions have a significant impact on Russian online retail. Opportunities for retailers include expanding into new markets and utilizing advanced technology. However, threats such as competition and supply chain disruptions need to be investigated thoroughly. Case studies of successful retailers provide valuable insights into effective strategies for adapting to global trends. These studies conclude with recommendations for Russian online retail- ers to improve their competitiveness. These recommendations include the introduction of advanced technologies, better understanding of consumer behavior, and addressing regulatory issues. Further research could explore specific trends or industries within the Russian online retail market.

Annotation: The article describes the intricate and multifaceted energy cooperation between Russia and China, using the Power of Siberia project as a case study. The author analyses the strategic partnership that results from combin- ing Russian energy resources with China’s consumption market. On the basis of a comprehensive examination of economic and political factors, the key elements that contribute to enhancing energy security and promoting economic growth in both nations are revealed. At the same time, the challenges and risks associated with such collaboration are highlighted, including the potential political instability and increased dependence. The results of the study show that in order to achieve maximum efficiency and minimize risks, careful strategic planning and flexible management of international relations are necessary. The author provides several recommendations for enhancing the energy partnership, such as diversifying energy routes and promoting joint technological innova- tion. As a conclusion, it is highlighted that successful Russian-Chinese energy collaboration has the potential to serve as a model for other international energy collaborations, contributing to global stability and prosperity.

Annotation: The article is devoted to analysis the current territorial structure of the global mergers and acquisitions market. The factors of transformation of the modern territorial structure of the mergers and acquisitions market are considered. It is determined that the main factors are: the level of socio-economic development of the country; the competitive advantages of the country; the currency factor; the state policy of regulating the process of merg- ers and acquisitions; the degree of internationalization, transnationalization, globalization of the economy; the foreign direct investment. Each of the factors is characterized by certain indicators, the main of which are: the volume and structure of resources; the volume of total wealth and the level of well-being; the index of global competitiveness; the number and structure of freely convertible currencies; foreign exchange reserves and their distribution between countries and regions; exchange rates and their dynamics; ways to stimulate and limit uni fication transactions; interstate agreements; the index of globalization; the geographical focus of foreign direct investment. Based on the results of the analysis, the main direction of transformation of the territorial structure of the mergers and acquisitions market has been determined.

Annotation: The article discusses scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of customs warehouse procedures in organizing cross-border electronic commerce in Russia and EAEU countries. The authors explain that for the purpose of assessing the budgetary and socio-economic effectiveness of the customs warehouse procedure, it is necessary to take into account not only export and import indicators, but also macroeconomic criteria for the effectiveness of foreign trade: GDP, consumption, customs duties and fees. To do this, it is recommended to improve the policy of collection and payment of customs tariffs when placing goods under the procedure of a customs warehouse in Russia. The positive dynamics of changes in cash flows from the introduction of new tariffs will ensure the stimulation of economic and budgetary growth in the context of state reserves of the Rus- sian Federation. The article notes that the result of the introduction of recommended evaluation indicators to measure the effectiveness of the customs warehouse procedure may be the macroeconomic stability of foreign trade operations, which can increase effective demand and stimulate the growth of customs payments.

Annotation: This study examines the impact of search engine optimization (SEO) on regional sales and business performance, using the Sushiset case study as a focal point. The study highlights the significant role of search engine optimiza- tion algorithms in enhancing visibility, driving traffic, and ultimately increasing revenue and profitability. The research begins with an initial assessment of Sushiset’s SEO performance, followed by a detailed analysis of implemented strategies including keyword research, on-page and off-page optimization, content creation, tech- nical enhancements, and local SEO. The project also explores the financial implications of these SEO efforts, showcasing an increase in revenue by 40 % and profit by 80 %, alongside a reduction in customer acquisition costs by 40 %. These results underscore the effectiveness of SEO in achieving substantial financial growth and improving marketing efficiency. The study is concluded by discussing the broader implications of these findings for global economic contexts and offers practical recommendations for businesses aiming to leverage SEO strate- gies for regional market expansion. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for exploring emerging SEO trends, the integration of advanced analytics, and the refinement of SEO algorithms to sustain competitive advantage. This research contributes valuable insights into the economic significance of SEO and provides actionable strategies for optimizing business performance in a digital landscape.

Annotation: Effective urbanization serves as a pivotal indicator for advancing socio-economic development. While developed nations have realized this objective successfully, propelled by advancements in the electrical sector, South Asian countries face hindrances, primarily limited access to electricity. This study delves into the impact of government policies on electricity concerning urban development, utilizing panel data spanning from 1996 to 2021. Apply- ing the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) regression method, the research discerns electricity’s substantial influence on the urbanization process in South Asian countries. Additionally, it uncovers the positive correlation between government expenditures and urban development, despite the detrimental effects of government employees’ ef- ficiency and monetary policies. These detriments are linked to skill shortages, corruption, and inadequate future development planning. To facilitate urbanization progress, South Asian governments must prioritize enhancing electricity access, improving employee efficiency, and adjusting monetary policies. This strategic approach can pave the way for accelerated urban development and comprehensive socio-economic growth.

Annotation: The problem of implementing the chosen model of socio-economic policy of the state is relevant today, which determines the need to study foreign experience in this area. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of the implementation system of the socio-economic policy model of China, as an example of a state with the highest rates of economic growth. The main method of research is the analysis of predicting and planning documents defining the content of China’s socio-economic policy, as well as the features of building direct and feedback channels between all elements of the system. As a result of the conducted research, the features of the implementation system of the socio-economic policy model of China are formulated, with the clarification of the features in the field of forecasting and planning, and the specifics of communication channels between the elements of the socio-economic policy implementation system are highlighted. The formulated results of the study can be used to improve the system of implementation of the model of socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation. The significance of the presented work lies in the study of foreign experience in building an effective system for implementing the chosen model of socio-economic policy of the state.

Annotation: In thirty years, modern China has evolved from an agrarian country to a dynamic digital power. During this time, the digital transformation has affected various domains of Chinese society, thus drawing the attention of experts from all over the world. However, there is still no consensus in economic scholarship on how to assess China’s digital economy model, which makes it difficult to perceive it holistically. The article considers and summarizes the main methodologies for assessing China’s digital economy. An attempt is made to summarize the characteristics and features of the Chinese digital economy model at the present stage. Applying both quantitative and qualitative methods of comparative analysis, the author concludes that the evolution of China’s model of digital economy suffers from the “developmental disease” and faces many of the difficulties typical of developing countries. At the same time, it seems that the Chinese experience of planning and managing the digitalization of economy may be useful for Russia when considering the issue of shifting to the sixth technological mode of economy.

Annotation: The article describes the general characteristics of the world oil market, identifies the largest centers of international oil trade. The geographical structure of the world oil market has been studied and the leading countries have been identified in terms of production and consumption of oil. The balance of supply and demand has been determined. The analysis of economic indicators of the world oil market, such as the geographical structure and dynamics of the physical volumes of proven oil reserves, the geographical structure and dynamics of oil production for 2016–2020, was carried out. Since oil is the most traded commodity on the world market, the article describes the structure of world oil exports in 2016–2020, and also examines the dynamics of the value of international oil trade in 2016–2020. Based on the study, the authors proposed trends in the world oil market in the context of the participating countries.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the directions of digitalization in the European region. The mechanism of publicprivate partnership (PPP) as digitalization tool is also considered in the article. The purpose of the study is the investigation of digitalization areas and the development of digital technologies in the European Union (EU), including their role in the issues of the green economy creation. The research also systemizes forms of PPPs and their role in provision of sufficient digital technological independence of the European Union. The study is based on a comprehensive approach to the consideration of socio-economic problems of regional development of the EU, including a systematic comparative analysis, economic and statistical method. Experience of useful samples of public-private partnerships aimed at regional technological independence is herewith analyzed . As a result of the conducted research, the structure of the planned digital transformation of the region is determined, its main goals and objectives are highlighted, the forms of public-private partnerships designed to promote further digitalization in the EU are characterized, the role of planned innovations in the further socio-economic development of the region is studied. The study focuses on the aspects of integrated digitalization relevant to the Russian Federation and its potential partners and the corresponding PPP mechanisms.

Annotation: The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the water resources of the Republic of Crimea and the State of Israel. The Republic of Crimea and Israel are similar in terms of their territory parameters, physical and geographical features, in which the climate plays a special role. The purpose of the article is to compare existing approaches and innovative technological solutions that have revolutionized the use of water resources and the development of irrigation in Israel, and in the Crimea can be used to achieve this.

Annotation: The study of global financial crises should help not only to understand their causes of crises but also helps to teach economists to quickly and painlessly get out of them. Society strives to improve the quality and standard of its life, all this is achieved through sustainable economic growth. It should be noted that the long-term economic growth is not uniform, and there are constant periods of economic instability. The economy has the property of cyclicality, which implies crises, growth and decreases. Society and the state always strive for the peak of economic development. However the country’s economy cannot always be at its peak as after a growth recessions always occur. Almost every country suffers from global financial crises but it is worth noting that the degree of its influence on the country’s economy depends only on how strongly the country is developed. An economic crisis is a situation in the national economy when there is a sharp decline in production. When an imbalance occurs in economic relations, a crisis occurs in the economy. Studying various directions in the economy, various reasons for the emergence of the crisis are identified. For example, the Austrian school believes that the causes of crises are the accumulation of erroneous investments when information is distorted in the market, and market participants invest in losing assets. According to Karl Marx, the market is oversaturated for market economy reasons, as well as for the producers’ desire to increase profits, thereby creating overproduction.

Annotation: The subject of the research is the experience of public-private partnership in Europe aimed at catalyzed development and implementation of the newest technologies. The purpose of the study is to detect important and useful for many countries (including Russia и Eurasian Economic Union) methods, institutions and forms for effective technological cooperation management between state and private actors of innovation systems of countries and regions of the world economy. Methodology and methods of the study lie in the field of comparative research, synthesis of logical, historical, and systematic analysis. Experience of national and international technological PPP-forms’ creation and perfection, useful for competent state actors and private entrepreneurs qualify as results of the study. The material can be applicable for education in subjects like international and world economy, management and innovation. Author concludes that science-technological cooperation tasks under the global Industrial Revolution 4.0 become more complicated and they cannot be fulfilled without PPP-forms’ enforcement combined with development of special-purpose federal structures to support those PPPs (complimentary-type institutions to support innovation).

Annotation: This article examines the measures taken in the Republic of Uzbekistan to support healthy eating in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time taking into account the exponential growth of the volume of public catering services the expediency of transforming the variables into a logarithmic model has been proved on the basis of formulas. We also studied the activities of “Samarkand” restaurant. If we look at the activities of this restaurant we can see that in 2020 the benefits from restaurant activities have dropped sharply due to the negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic. Pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19 negatively affected on almost all sectors of the economy. Since 2017 the restaurant has begun to widely implement digital technologies in its activities in particular fulfillment of orders, waiter-chef communication and online orders all of which led to a sharp increase in profits in 2018 and 2019. Despite the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic the restaurant has maintained its position in the catering market thanks to online ordering and delivery services.In addition the restaurant has radically improved the quality of service through the form of staff, culture and various shows. In our opinion the goals for the development of the public catering sector are influenced by such factors as income, inflation, the volume of grown agricultural products and the size of the population. According to our analysis population growth will allow a rapid increase in the total volume of catering services. This situation can be explained by the natural growth of consumers with the growth of the population. The author has developed and implemented at the macro level proposals and recommendations for the further strategic development of services at public catering enterprises and improving the quality of services.

Annotation: The article considers the goals of strategic development of customs service in accordance with the hierarchy of their formation. According to the theory of customs management, the customs is considered as an institution that exists in conditions of continuously changing reality. In this regard, supranational, national and departmental levels have been identified, which consistently form key milestones in the development of the department. The main focus is on the consideration of strategic documents, because they are the basis for the subsequent actions of customs authorities. It is clear that the development areas are consistently specified in the chain of documents of the integration association, national programs, the Strategy for the Development of Customs Authorities until 2030 and the corresponding action plans. Digitalization and improvement of the quality of customs services ignore some important aspects of customs policy. But the main trigger for the sustainable development of the Russian economy is the reorientation of the economy towards the creation of non-resource advantages. Customs service have the necessary set of mechanisms, technological reserves to create new centers of concentration of economic efforts. The prerequisites for the evolution of customs as an institution are critically assessed. In addition, Russian reality has specific features that should be reflected in strategic development documents. Possible ways to unlock the unrealized potential of Russia are contained in the materials of experts of international organizations. The financial sector, logistics, involvement in global supply chains and investment attractiveness make up a wide and not yet covered space for creating an open and competitive Russian economy. Taking into account the theory of institutional development and the practical comments of World Bank analysts, the author formulated conclusions and proposals.

Annotation: Was analyzed best practices of public administration and makes assessment’s the possibilities of implementations its practices in system of state administration the Republic of Kazakhstan. Achievements of goals the research is possible throw analysis of influence the digitalization on the process of regional administration, study of international experience in the process of costs optimization and lower transaction costs. During the pandemic the states staying in very seriously situation, important to watch assess to decision-making process and the effective design of organizational structures are taking place. To answer the research questions was used the case study method. It is concluded that in the post-crisis period, the main direction of the development of regional management will be the need to revise the models of socio-economic development.

Annotation: The coronavirus pandemic has become a new challenge for both the individual country and the global economy. The conditions of instability forced regulators to quickly take a package of response measures to mitigate the economic consequences. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of countries ‘ fiscal measures during the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods of comparative analysis, critical and systematic approach to the study of information are used. It is noted that the response of fiscal policy to the emerging crisis was prompt and went in tandem with monetary policy. Advanced economies have implemented more extensive fiscal measures than emerging markets. The features of this trend are revealed: developing countries have a narrower fiscal space compared to developed countries. In addition, they have tightened their funding conditions due to the pan-economic shock, which also constrains their fiscal measures.

Annotation: The article deals with the problem of formation and analysis of foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation. The study of concepts and definitions: “foreign direct investment”, “classification of foreign direct investment” and “forms of ownership of investors”. The analysis of direct investment in the Russian Federation by institutional sectors of the economy is carried out. Considering these trends, it was found that the largest share in the structure of foreign direct investment was accounted for by debt financial instruments. The article defines the tasks related to the movement of foreign direct investment in Russia and abroad. Based on the assessment of current trends in the world economy and the review of mutual trade of the BRICS countries, the factors of increasing the inflow of foreign investment are identified. The article examines the current state of capital flows in foreign countries and analyzes the indicators of capital investment in countries with a significant drop in direct investment. This article is aimed at improving the quality of the country’s investment policy, considering possible trends in its further integration into the system of international economic relations.

Annotation: This article examines the development of the Danish economy, which is clearly working well. Growth was at its fastest in a decade last year, and the output gap seemed to narrow for the first time since the global financial crisis. The labor market has strengthened, and opportunities are being constrained in the financial sectors. Wage growth is consistent with productivity while inflation remains subdued. The financial situation continues to improve, and the public debt remains stable. This article contains figures and tables for several years. Key financial vulnerabilities include high levels of household debt amid high property valuations after a long period of weak financial conditions. There were also signs of risk in some sectors, such as commercial real estate, Taxation in Denmark is based on tax obligations under domestic law as an ordinary tax resident or non-resident. Denmark’s financial protection system and crisis management system, including Bank rehabilitation, have improved significantly.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of assessing the effectiveness of customs authorities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as possible solutions to problems in the digital environment. Digitalization of the Russian economy dictates the need to study the activities of customs authorities in the context of their functional purpose on the basis of new approaches that should reflect aspects of budget filling, economic security of the Russian Federation, information and analytical activities, etc. in the new information environment. Digital representation and provision of information today represents a new trend in the development of the world community, which becomes the basis for improving the economic efficiency of any organization. To date, the use of digital information technologies provides a functional component of all technological, foreign economic operations of customs authorities. The study of the digital approach to the content and assessment of the activities of customs authorities is natural and obvious, as it is caused by the requirements of the current information environment. This is primarily due to the fact that in modern conditions in the activities of the customs service, not only the Declaration flow of electronic format is increasing, but also the powers of the electronic Declaration centers themselves are increasing. Russia’s rapid integration into the global economic space is based, among other things, on the digitalization of the customs service, which will increase the efficiency of its activities with a positive effect on the Russian economy as a whole and on all participants in foreign economic transactions. Improving the system for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of customs authorities should consider the ongoing changes and, accordingly, will increase the level of management efficiency.

Annotation: The paper examines the impact of the environmental agenda on global trade processes, including the area of rulemaking, on the example of the influence of EU Carbon Border Tax on Russian external economic activity. It is suggested that such restrictions become a harbinger of a new global economic reality, since the transition of the rule-making initiative in the field of green economy to European states, which is not formally prohibited by the WTO rules, presents an opportunity for the development of protectionism and the introduction of barriers for goods produced not in accordance with environmental standards. Possible threats to the introduction of the EU carbon tax for Russia, whose industry is characterized by a high level of carbon intensity, are investigated, among which the loss of both European trading partners and Asian markets are noted. The article notes the inevitability of the negative impact of the environmental agenda on the sustainable development of Russia in the short term, as well as the long-term benefits of restructuring the economic model. This study examines the context and possible scenarios for the implementation of the EU Carbon Border Tax and suggests measures to improve energy efficiency and competitiveness of Russian exporters, considering the current context of decarbonization in Russia.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to analyze the competitiveness of Germany and the Russian Federation, identifying the most problematic factors that adversely affect the country‘s economy. In the process of research used general scientific methods, methods of statistical analysis. In the course of the study, an analysis of the competitiveness of the Russian Federation and Germany was carried out, and problematic factors that adversely affect the country‘s economy were identified. The authors proposed options for improving various sectors of the economy, in order to improve the competitiveness of the country. The results are aimed at accelerating the socio-economic development of the economy of the Russian Federation, increasing the level of competitiveness of the country in relation to other countries of the world. The Russian Federation is a state that is located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, has developed climatic conditions, powerful fuel and energy, energy and production and technical potential, but in terms of the level of competitiveness of the country‘s economy is only 38th, which is why be an important increase in the competitiveness of a country‘s economy. World practice has shown that in countries with a higher level of economic competitiveness, goods are produced, and services are provided that can compete both in the domestic market and in the external market. And, also in countries with a higher level of competitiveness of the country, there is a high welfare of the nation. Research in assessing the level of competitiveness is the World Economic Forum, which annually publishes a report on the analysis of the competitiveness of all countries of the world [1]. So, Loskutova M.V. allocates a number of resources with which you can improve the competitiveness of the Russian Federation [2]. Shul MI, notes the prerequisites that hinder the development of the competitiveness of the Russian economy [3]. AP Zaostrovtsev, singles out the institutional problems of developing the competitiveness of the Russian economy [4].

Annotation: Background. Today copper industry occupies one of the key positions in the world industry. Meanwhile, in recent years, the world market has problems of price instability and lower demand for copper, which led to the formation of its surplus. Now foreign companies are trying to neutralize the negative situation, reduce production volumes, but the Russian largest representatives of the copper industry, are planning to increase it in anticipation of a gradual increase in prices. The article provides an overview of current trends in the copper industry, show the keys companies-representatives in Russia and in worldwide. The purpose of this study is to assess the elasticity of demand for the products of the copper industry in Russia in the international market, determine whether there is a potential for sales growth in Russian companies overseas. Materials and methods. The realization of the objectives achieved by comparing the data of official state statistics and calculations of the expert community. The study used the methods of retrospective analysis, graphics, and induction. Results. The authors assessed the elasticity of demand for the products of the copper industry in Russia at the international level. In 2014-2016, the demand for the price is elastic, but in the context of consumer countriesfar abroad and the CIS in 2016, this condition is’ not met. According to the authors, it is advisable for Russian exporters of copper products to strengthen their positions in the world market to focus on foreign countries and above all, in China.