Annotation: The article analyzes the ambiguities in the foundations of modern logic due to the fact that the relations of set theory are used to substantiate the correct modes of categorical syllogism and the interpretation of predicate calculus, while set theory itself is defined in the axiomatic approach as a theory formed on the basis of axioms and rules for deducing predicate calculus by adding illogical (proper) axioms. It is proposed to apply elementary laws of the algebra of sets, which can be justified without axioms, based on the analysis of polysyllogistics-type reasoning. The analysis of the syllogism modes recommended for use is performed using simple and understandable properties of the relation of inclusion of sets. This analysis shows that the rules of syllogistics set forth in logic textbooks contain two types of logical errors: 1) some syllogism modes, which are considered correct in many textbooks, contradict some acceptable versions of their interpretation; 2) there are correct arguments with two premises, which in some textbooks are evaluated as incorrect modes. It follows from this that the cause of errors in logic textbooks are incorrectness in the justification of logic.

Annotation: The article studies foreign and domestic experience in the creation of scientific and educational exploratoriums, laboratories, centers, museum spaces and complexes designed for the study of natural sciences. The necessity of including innovative scientific exploratoriums in the educational environment for the preparation of students of secondary vocational education is proved. It is concluded that there is a growing interest in the use of interactive formats in the educational process, implemented by businesses in the exploratorium museums created by them. On the basis of an analysis of the exploratorium museums operating in the country, which popularize scientific knowledge and develop the deductive abilities of students, it is proposed to create such multimedia spaces for the study of humanitarian disciplines. On the example of the literary and diplomatic exploratorium project implemented by the A.S. Griboyedov Cultural Heritage Foundation, the author shares the experience of a three-module program for the development of creative literary talents, provides recommendations for the phased implementation of such projects. The study analyzes the constraining factors that have a negative impact on the quality of the provision of additional educational services in the system of innovative research spaces with teaching functions.

Annotation: The article substantiates the significant possibilities of applying the pedagogical ideas of A.S. Makarenko about the educational systems of children’s and youth boarding institutions to the forming of educational systems of military universities and military units due the general characteristics of the secrecy of these systems, the sociopedagogical processes occurring in them. The most popular in military pedagogy may be the pedagogical ideas of A.S. Makarenko: about socially significant goals in the activities of the organization, its collective, capable of creating value-oriented unity of all its members on this basis; about the obligatoriness to form a cohesive team in a children’s and youth organization; about the unification and interweaving of the goals of the unit’s collective and the goals of each of its members by applying the method of collective and individual perspective lines; about a full-fledged life of the team with the solution of a large number of tasks, the constant holding of events that make up all the diversity of his life; about the humanistic approach to interaction with children based on respect for the child’s personality, faith in his personal capabilities; about the accumulation and development of positive intra-collective traditions; about the inadmissibility of the absolutization of educational methods and techniques, dialectical approach to their application.

Annotation: The article is devoted to relevant issues of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process. Presently, the technologies underlying artificial intelligence are beginning to play an increasingly prominent role in the developing process of digital transformation of education. The use of artificial intelligence technologies leads to an unprecedented expansion of educational opportunities, including intelligent learning systems and chatbots, automatic assessment mechanisms, customizable educational materials, analytical educational technologies, consulting systems, in-game and virtual reality learning technologies. The purpose of this article is to identify the areas of artificial intelligence use in the educational process, advantages, mechanisms and risks arising from the introduction of artificial intelligence in education. The authors conclude about the natural development of the educational process towards the use of artificial intelligence, due to the digital transformation of all socio-economic systems of society, reveal the possibilities of using these technologies in education, the implementation of which will allow the selection of the most optimal learning strategy, the improvement of a large number of educational operations, assistance in organizing an effective educational process and building the necessary communications.

Annotation: The active digitalization of almost all spheres of modern society has also affected education, which inevitably led to the abandonment of traditional teaching methods in favor of interactive ones aimed not at acquiring knowledge but at turning it into competencies, practical skills, and abilities. To a large extent, the given process was expedited by the change in the teacher’s role, from the classical translator of the knowledge from the textbook to the facilitator, who allows students to concentrate on learning goals and supporting positive motivation in their achievement. One of the most effective methods of interactive learning is the hexagon method, first described by the English history teacher Russell Tarr at the end of the 20th century. However, an analysis of the literature on the problem showed that despite the obvious linguodidactic potential of this method, it is practically not used in higher education. Our study aims to fill the existing gap and prove that the hexagon method is an effective way to develop speech, lexical, and debating skills of students majoring technical specialties.

Annotation: The authors of the article address the problem of finding effective methods of teaching terms in Russian as a foreign language. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the conditions for the successful development of terminology by foreign students are determined, a system of educational tasks is being developed that allows forming the skill of verbal expression of generalization and concretization. This skill allows them to remove difficulties in the formulation of terms and in operating with special vocabulary. The authors relied on the following methods: descriptive-analytical, the method of activating the reserve capabilities of the individual and the team (G.A. Kitaygorodskaya), the principle of interdisciplinary coordination and integrated (professionally and communicatively directed) foreign language teaching, the principle of rational restriction of the vocabulary minimum in order to develop the maximum number of speech skills (V.A. Bukhbinder). The authors demonstrate that the effective use of terminology in professional communication is impossible without speech and cognitive “scenarios”: generalization, concretization, selection of distinctive features and assessment of their (in-)sufficiency.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is an essential and structural-content analysis of digital behavior as a phenomenon of the digitalization era with the justification of the analogy of this phenomenon with behavior in the traditional sense of the term. The presented goal involves the use of research tools, which includes phenomenological and structural-content analysis of both general humanitarian and psychological-pedagogical nature. Elements of the differentiation method, abstraction and synthesis are used to identify individual components of the content of digital behavior. As a result of the research, the author makes conclusions about the difference between the concept of digital behavior and the concept of using the Internet, taking into account the special meaningful personality-conditioned aspects of digital life inherent in the former. At the same time, the structure of digital behavior appears to be the unity of all network actions that can be differentiated as search, consumption, production and exchange of information. At the same time, consumption is a key information aspect of personal development in the digital environment; and the content of digital behavior includes value-semantic, ideological, cognitive and motivational-target components.

Annotation: The article describes the experience of creation of a data model of the information system of state (municipal) property management, which ensures the sustainability of the database structure in the conditions of variability of the feature space. The effectiveness of the application of a systematic approach in the formulation of initial methodological positions in the construction of a data model of a complex information system is demonstrated. The article provides a detailed analysis of the structure of the state address register, identifies and demonstrates by examples the systemic signs of violations in the database. Within the framework of existing methodologies and tools for domain-oriented database design, a methodology has been created to increase the degree of database normalization by phasing out systemic signs of violations in the database. An approach to expanding the structure of the state address register based on the exclusion of multi-purpose columns, multi-purpose tables, redundant data, multi-valued columns is proposed. Methods of implementing flexibility schemes that do not use multi-purpose hierarchical entities are discussed. The examples demonstrate the methodological techniques used to increase the degree of normalization of the database in cases where the terms of the source documents are uncertain and/or contradictory.

Annotation: The article examines the problem of information security of smart systems. The level of digitalization of smart systems is continuously increasing and vulnerability factors and threats are changing accordingly. Therefore, the information protection process needs to be continuously improved. The purpose of the work is to systematize the threats and vulnerabilities of modern systems of smart things, to develop recommendations for improving their information security. The systematics of threats to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless technologies is presented. An example of vulnerabilities of a smart system when using Wi-Fi technology is considered. The typological series of Wi-Fi technology is presented, which is created according to the degree of the transmitted information security growth. The threats and vulnerabilities of the technology when using specific Wi-Fi network protection protocols are shown. The example shows that information threats appear not only because of the vulnerabilities of wireless information transmission technology, but also because of the technological features of the use of this technology in other systems, including “smart things”. A comparison is made of the security of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies based on the use of the modern WPA3 protocol. Recommendations have been developed for the transmission of confidential information via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth channels.

Annotation: The article explores spatial modeling associated with the construction of virtual landscapes. A virtual landscape is considered, which can describe either a real landscape or a scene of animated applications. The purpose of the work is to develop a technology for generating virtual landscapes, allowing to increase the reality of their representation with the prospect of application for training and game situations. The article considers voxelization technology, which is an alternative to pixelization technology in the construction of three-dimensional models. It is shown that the voxel is a kind of information unit. Three main components of the virtual landscape generation are described: the construction of elevation maps, noise generation, and the forming of virtual surfaces. The expediency of using fractal models to generate a virtual landscape is shown. The expediency of using fractal Brownian motion as a noise algorithm is shown. The systematics of algorithms for the forming of virtual surfaces is given. A technology is proposed that includes an adaptive module for procedural generation of virtual surfaces using the voxelization method and volumetric data. The results of an experiment are presented, during which a module was developed that clarifies the well-known Marching Cubes algorithm and gives a more realistic description of the virtual landscape.

Annotation: The article describes the relevant socio-philosophical problem of preventing and overcoming modern value and meaning conflicts. Conflicts of belief are activated in times of crisis and are powerful sources of destructive processes, thus modern professionals need to have the knowledge and skills to identify this kind of conflict situations and analyze them systematically. Modern social and practical philosophy offers three philosophical and methodological grounds for such analysis: first, the distinction between private beliefs and universal knowledge, which are coercive to rational beings. Second, the recognition of different beliefs and convictions as having an equal right to coexist peacefully in a modern democratic society and a state governed by the rule of law, since they cannot claim objective truth and superiority over one another. Third, contemporary beliefs should be consistent with applicable legal laws, and therefore they should not contradict the constitutional rights and freedoms of all citizens of the country, and at the same time should allow for mutual respect for other legitimate beliefs. The article presents two bases of mutually respectful attitudes – pragmatic (economic and legal) and general moral (humanistic and ecocentric), the forming of which should be included in the content of modern socio-humanitarian disciplines.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the issues of building ground-based networks for collecting information about aerosol pollution of coastal zones, taking into account the wind speed from sea to shore. The methodology of the study provides for taking into account the following main influencing factors of the coastal zone: wind speed in the “sea-shore” direction, distance from the shore, exponential decrease in the optical thickness of the coastal sea aerosol at a distance from the coastline to the land. The optimization problem of choosing the distance of the location of the photometer depending on the wind speed is formulated and solved in the article. A formula is given for calculating the distance from the coastline at which the average value of the measuring signal over a certain range of permissible wind speeds reaches a minimum value. The main conclusion of the study is the established fact that there are optimal ratios of influencing factors of the coastal zone, which should be taken into account when constructing and using technical means of collecting information and monitoring the state of the atmosphere in coastal zones. The results obtained can be applied in the construction of meteorological networks and stations for monitoring atmospheric pollution in coastal zones.