Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: In the second part of the article the consideration of a multifactorial process of restoration of the Aral Sea and its drained part is proceeded. The organizational – political formalization of the management of the water resources of the Aral Sea basin came to an intellectually reasonable proposal for compensation projects – the construction of a Kokaral dam to create a North Aral Sea in Kazakhstan and the creation of a “Green sea” on the basis of forest melioration on the dried bottom of the South Aral Sea in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the problem of water scarcity remains unresolved, taking into account the increase in water intake from upstream of the Amu Darya river by Afghanistan.

Annotation: For a long time, the Arctic region of the Russian Federation has been identified as one of the top priority areas for development, through the implementation of energy projects. These projects are an essential tool for the long-term growth of the nation's economy and industry. The tasks of sustainable industrial development through Arctic energy projects are certainly reflected in the country's strategic planning documents at the highest level. The article argues that the main tool for ensuring the sustainable development of industry in the Russian Federa- tion lies in the development and implementation of energy projects in the Arctic region. The article describes the factors influencing the need and importance of the implementation of energy projects in the Arctic territory, and also gives a description of existing energy projects and those that are planned to be introduced. The facts about the strategic importance of projects for the sustainable development of the industry of the Russian Federation as a whole are presented. Conclusions are made that there is a need for further development of the industry in the Russian Federation, specifically in terms of organizing the production of equipment for energy projects in the Arctic. The goal is to focus on the sustainable development of state-owned industrial enterprises, allowing them to reduce or eliminate their dependence on equipment supplied by foreign companies.

Annotation: The article evaluates the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast based on a comparison of the planned targets for the effectiveness of state support for small and medium- sized businesses and the results achieved so far. During the analysis, the main problems of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast were identified, such as an increase in the number of small and medium-sized businesses only at the expense of microenterprises; low number of employees employed by small and medium-sized businesses; the tendency of a significant increase in the number of self-employed citizens, in particular due to the transfer of many small and medium-sized business workers to self-employment. The article develops measures to eliminate the identified problems. The results of the study can be used to optimize and improve the effectiveness of state policy in the field of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast.

Annotation: The article studies the impact of the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems on the bio-geospheres of our planet. Contradiction between hydrogen energy and its environmental goals occurs already at the stage of hydrogen production. The prospect of hydrogen production from low-molecular sulfur compounds, which re- habilitates the ecology of enclosed water bodies, has been revealed. The study is based on a block diagram that reveals the dominants of interaction in the bio-geosphere of the planet during the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems. The interaction of 2 global natural mechanisms of water generation and its adsorption is revealed. It is noted that with the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems, unacceptably high gen- eration of NOx and the replacement of CO2 emissions with H2O leads to the instability of biosystems and, thus, the phenomenon of life. Therefore, the global trend of dubious decarbonization of economic systems actualizes the assessment of its impact on the sustainability of economic systems as carriers of the phenomenon of life. For this purpose, a way of formalization is proposed to create the foundations of a scientific and methodological ap- proach to assess the consistency and sustainability of economic systems in the globalization of hydrogen energy.

Annotation: The article assesses the economic implication of microscopy technologies on the global market by creating an econometric model. Microscopic technologies, including optical, electronic, scanning probe and digital micro- scopes, play a key role in stimulating innovation and productivity in various industries. However, the economic significance of these technologies has not yet been fully assessed. The aim of the study is to fill this gap by quantifying the impact of key factors, such as R&D expenditure, the number of patents filed, the level of adop- tion, government funding, technological advancements, industrial output, workforce size, and global economic growth. During the study, a comprehensive review of relevant literature has been conducted, relevant data has been collected, an econometric model has been developed and verified, regression analysis has been performed, and the results have been interpreted. The conclusions provide information on the relative significance of these factors in shaping the global market for microscopy technologies, helping policymakers, industry representa- tives, and researchers understand the economic implications of investing in and developing these technologies.