Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article examines the systemic challenges that Russia’s innovation environment faces in the era of global digital transformation and external constraints. An analysis of international rankings (Global Innovation Index, Nature Index) reveals the Russian Federation’s systemic lag in key innovation development indicators. Based on statistical data from Rosstat, the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and expert assess- ments, the article identifies underlying structural problems in Russia’s innovation sector, including high import dependence in many critical sectors, insufficient commercialization of R&D, a shortage of private funding, personnel imbalances, institutional contradictions, and growing digital inequality across regions. It is shown that sanctions pressure has exposed and exacerbated these systemic dysfunctions. It is concluded that systemic modernization of the national innovation system and its adaptation to the conditions of digital transformation are necessary to ensure technological sovereignty, which requires a transition from targeted measures to a com- prehensive strategy of structural transformation.

Annotation: The article examines the implementation of state policy for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Russian Federation under the national and federal SME projects (2019–2030). Drawing on a comparative analysis of planned and actual values of key indicators, along with official reports from the Ministry of Economic Development and data from the Federal Tax Service for 2019–2026, the study identifies methodological risks inherent in the target indicators specified in the project documents. The findings show that the current indicators allow for multiple interpretations, are difficult to verify, and replace meaningful assessment of structural change with formal quantitative and fiscal tracking. The practical significance of the research lies in demonstrating the need for a methodological shift in evaluating state support for SMEs – a move from broad quantitative metrics to a system of qualitative indicators that reflect the sector’s actual contribution to the economy. The conclu- sions can be used to refine the project management framework and develop target benchmarks for future state programmes supporting entrepreneurship.

Annotation: The article examines the features of the modern online pharmaceutical market and identifies future trends in the global and Russian pharmaceutical markets related to the development of online sales and customers’ desire for quick checkout and ease of purchase. Based on secondary data from specialized agencies and research firms, comparative analysis, and a review of the regulatory framework governing the pharmaceutical market, the authors identify trends in the development of the Russian and global online pharmaceutical sector. They also characterize the development model of the Russian pharmaceutical market in comparison with Western and Asian models. Based on an empirical study conducted using an online survey of 200 respondents, the authors conclude that in the country, purchases of over-the-counter drugs by young target audiences on marketplaces and online phar- macies are only gaining popularity, and consumers are skeptical about purchasing medicines. The results of the study are relevant for further research into consumers’ positive or negative attitudes toward online purchases.

Annotation: The article identifies two institutional constraints hindering the development of peasant farms and private sub- sidiary farms: the inability to scale up without losing economic control and the fragmentation of property shares through inheritance. Based on an analysis of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Land Code, and the Federal Law “On Agricultural Cooperation”, the author substantiates the need for implementing trust property mechanisms. The main part of the article sequentially presents three elements of the proposed model: settlement as a legal regime for property shares, processing as an operational mechanism for joint processing and marketing, and cooperation as an organizational form integrating both mechanisms. The conclusion outlines the conditions for practical implementation of the model, including the transition from simple cooperation to an agricultural consumer cooperative while retaining ownership of shares for participants. Statistical data confirming the rel- evance of the problem are provided, along with an example of model testing based on a conditional peasant farm.

Annotation: The article examines the key problems of attracting and retaining young professionals (generation Z) in industrial enterprises, due to the contradiction between the specifics of industrial work and the values of modern youth. The growing need to adapt existing HR practices is substantiated, and the inefficiency of traditional approaches in the context of digital transformation and staff shortages is shown. The necessity of a qualitative revision of motivation systems is proved, where the priority shifts from material remuneration to factors of career growth, psychological security and the meaning of activity. The article considers the role of educational programs implemented within the framework of public-private partnership (using the example of the Professionalism project) as the most ef- fective mechanism for training and attracting young personnel. The research confirms that the strategic reform of the entire human capital management system, based on an understanding of the characteristics of the new generation, is not just desirable, but absolutely crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability, technological development, and competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the 21st-century economy.