Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article describes the features of the functioning of the investment and construction sector in an unstable external environment due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, implemented economic sanctions and the influence of other macroeconomic factors. The authors pay attention to the analysis of risks generated by the uncertainty factors of the internal and external environment, which are associated with the activities of construction industry enterprises in the process of implementing investment and construction activities, as well as the need to create a risk management system based on taking into account all the features of the investment and construction process. In order to identify the degree of influence of risk and uncertainty on the performance of construction companies, the authors analyzed construction companies registered and operating in the Penza region. In order to evaluate the performance indicators, several key players in the construction market were selected from the entire population and the results of the analysis of key profitability indicators, capital structure, financial results and their impact on the level of risk are presented.

Annotation: The article conducts an overview study of the features of Russia’s investments in energy projects in the Arctic. The investment priorities of Russia in the Arctic, defined in modern strategic documents, are analyzed. Statistical data on the dynamics and structure of investments in fixed assets carried out on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are presented. The largest Russian energy projects in the Arctic are analyzed in detail. The main problems and difficulties of Russian investments in energy projects in the Arctic are highlighted, which were conditionally divided into four main groups - the difficulty of access to resources, difficulties in providing energy infrastructure, geopolitical difficulties and logistical problems. The prospects for the implementation of Russian investment projects in the Arctic region are determined. The necessity of strengthening the work on stimulating investments in the development of technological support for energy projects in the Arctic, the development of transport and logistics routes for the movement of Arctic oil within the country, ensuring more efficient develop- ment of Arctic oil refining both for the domestic market and for export is substantiated.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development of methods for solving environmental problems in the regions of Russia. The object of the study is the instruments of environmental regulation of industrial activity. The research methods were statistical-economic, abstract-logical and system analysis. Basing on the research results, an algorithm for the development of economic instruments of environmental regulation of five stages is proposed: analysis of the impact of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by industrial production on the quality of ambient air; assessment of the cost indicators of environmental protection activities (economic damage from atmospheric pollution, environmental costs and pollution charges); identification of problems of economic regulation of the effects of industrial activities on the environment; economic assessment of the impact of polluted ambient air on the health of the population, including the costs of providing medical care and compensation for people’s disability, loss of gross regional product; recommendations for improving economic instruments of environmental regulation. New approaches to the implementation of regional environmental policy have been developed by taking into account the influence of the environmental factor on the quality of life of the population.

Annotation: The last couple of decades show that social entrepreneurship has been gaining more and more recognition in academic as well as managerial and public discourse. This is due to its innovative capabilities to solve social problems, with the urgency of many remaining quite high. It is no coincidence that social entrepreneurship is often associated with social innovation. Moreover, the development of this phenomenon within a particular territory depends greatly on the favorable conditions that have been created for this. In this regard, the article examines the features of support and problems of the forming of social entrepreneurship in Russia. The study underlines that currently Russian social entrepreneurship is in the stage of active development. However, it still gets behind many developed countries in scope due to differences in the formative environment. The research reveals the specifics of social entrepreneurship in modern Russia using data from international and Russian ratings, sociological and expert surveys. Key support measures and problems in the area, pointing out the need to improve the conditions for the development of social entrepreneurship based on an ecosystem approach are outlined in the article.

Annotation: A huge number of scientific, popular science, journalistic and information works have been written about the Aral Sea and its tragedy. In our field of consideration are water-agricultural materials that allow us to make another generalization of the state of the sea problem in new political and economic conditions. This article provides a historical analysis of the drying up of the Aral Sea as a unique example of the consequences of an- thropogenic impact on a water body. For a more complete understanding, a multifactorial process of changing the nature of land development in the Aral Sea basin is shown, which influenced the dynamics of its drying out and retouching the consequences.