Headings of the journal
"Educational Resources and Technologies"

Annotation: The article investigates the properties of semiotic signs in the information field. The analysis of the application of semiotics at the present time is given. The approach of F.D. Saussure and C.S. Peirce to the interpretation of semiotics is described. Three categories of C.S. Peirce are revealed in relation to the processes of semiosis or the functioning of signs in the information field. The similarity between an information unit and a semiotic sign is analyzed. It is shown that the information unit is a special case of a sign. The change of meaning when combining information units is shown. It is noted that information construction is permissible only within the framework of a given semiotic system. It is shown that signs acquire additional characteristics in the information field. Three functions of an information unit as a semiotic sign are introduced and revealed: signaling, causal and discriminant. An example of a simple semiotic system and a logical description of the information units of this system are given. The results of the study are aimed at developing the methodological foundations of semiotics in terms of the functioning of signs in the information field.

Annotation: The article describes the properties of dichotomous division and dichotomous analysis, their systematization and generalization are carried out in relation to the study of heterogeneous objects. The logical rules that are used in dichotomous division, allowing structural optimization, are described. The article describes a comparative dichotomous analysis based on qualitative division and qualitative comparison. Dichotomous analysis is considered as a method aimed at generating new knowledge. An important property of dichotomous analysis is highlighted – the possibility of dividing objects of the information field up to elements or information units. Such a property, combined with the logical rules implemented for the reference dichotomies occurring in the scientific theories of the studied problem, is considered as the core of the analytical knowledge base. A functional structure of the knowledge base is proposed based on information modeling procedures, logical rules for reference dichotomies, and comparative dichotomous analysis procedures. The proposed structure of the analytical knowledge base is a comprehensive tool for the study of heterogeneous objects.

Annotation: The paper compares two approaches to understanding and implementing digitalization of higher education – technocratic and anthropological ones. The one–dimensionality and riskiness of the technocratic approach, which is based on reducing the digitalization of higher education to informatization, is shown. Within the framework of the opposite – anthropological approach, the importance of the ideas of the new anthropology for overcoming the risks of dehumanization of higher education and depersonalization of educational subjects generated by technocracy, pragmatization, and the cult of the speed of change in universities is substantiated. The concept of “anthropopractics” and the anthropopractical principle of education are revealed. The principles of antireductionism, anthropocentrism and anti-technicism formed the methodological basis of the study, which allowed the author to present the anthropological essence of higher education as a space of practices of self-creation, human self-construction, auto-projecting, self-actualization. The results of the study can become a conceptual basis for overcoming technocracy and the implementation of multidimensional, multilevel anthropologically oriented digitalization processes in universities.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development of methodological foundations in the field of information models creation. The need for a methodology for the forming of generalized models is due to the continuous increase in the number of new problems and the need to modify existing models. Modification of models within the framework of the methodology allows us to modify solutions to a known problem in order to solve a new one, rather than creating a new solution from scratch. The article formulates and reveals the general principles of creating models in the information field. The systematics of the principles of model forming is presented, which determines the basis for the construction of generalized information models. It is shown that general principles are used to find similarities, while particular principles are aimed at finding differences. A new term “morphological information modeling” is introduced. The categorical aspect and features of the selection of key indicators of generalized models are considered. Morphological methods of model forming and methods of model derivation, which are two types of technologies, are considered. The content of the relationship of proportionality between the object of study and its model is revealed as a necessary condition for the generalized models formation. The use of metamodeling for the forming of generalized information models is noted.

Annotation: The article investigates the likelihood of estimates of widespread relative hyperspectral vegetation indices. The issue of calculating the likelihood of estimates of relative vegetation indices is formulated in conditions when the implemented spectral estimates have a single probability distribution function, and the corresponding probabilistic indicators of these estimates are rigidly interconnected. A non-logarithmic likelihood function is introduced for consideration in relation to relative vegetation indices in which spectral estimates have a normal distribution law. It is determined that for known values of the mathematical expectation of the estimates of the corresponding spectral quantities, the newly introduced likelihood function has a characteristic minimum with a certain value of the coefficient of the relationship between the standard deviations of the used spectral estimates.