Annotation: The article describes the problems of qualitative renewal of the theory and practice of application of factors of modern production, where the technology of their interaction plays an increasingly significant role. The key problems in the sphere of development of total factor productivity (TFP) are identified: incomplete consideration of openness and growing complexity of the modern economy, underestimation of non-economic conditions and factors in qualitative renewal of human capital as the creator and integrator of all technological forms, low level of protection of property rights, rent-oriented behavior as a source of conflict of interests, etc. The novelty of the research results lies, firstly, in substantiation of the transition from the totality of production factors, within the TFP, to their systemic and interconnected unity; secondly, in shifting the scientific and practical vector in the study of TFP in favor of enterprises as primary links of the economy. It is shown that total factor productivity is intended to become an object of transformation from the traditionally priority macroeconomic analysis to the level of the firm while simultaneously positioning the phenomenon of corporate systemic factor productivity (CSFP).

Annotation: The period between the February bourgeois and October socialist revolutions was important, in many respects fateful for our country. It is constantly in the field of view of domestic scholars. One of the central issues here is in the problems of the form of government in this short period of time. Precisely this issue will be the focus of this article. The article describes the main activities that were carried out in February – October 1917. This is primarily the creation of new government bodies, and above all the Provisional Government, which was en- dowed with the functions of legislative and executive state power; activities in preparation for the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, which was given the leading role in determining the form of government in Russia. The characteristics of the actively conducted powerful reform in the field of local public administration and self-government are presented. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the established form of government in Russia in the period February – October 1917 should be characterized as an undeveloped republic, semi-republic, or in the spirit of the terminology of that time as a “pre-republic.” In favor of the republic is evidenced by the course taken to create a popular representation, carry out zemstvo reform, and activities to prepare a new constitution for Russia. At the same time, the form of government in Russia in February – October 1917 is most successfully characterized as to a certain extent temporary, incomplete, transitional. Three main scientific methods were used during the work on this article: dogmatic, historical, comparative.

Annotation: The article addresses the problem of objective competency assessment for information security specialists. The relevance is driven by a shortage of qualified personnel and the necessity to transition from subjective to formalized methods amidst digital transformation. The aim is the development and experimental testing of a methodology based on the application of mathematical methods—specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy set theory. The scientific novelty lies in the synthesis of a specialized process-result competency model with quantitative multi-criteria evaluation methods, which minimizes subjectivity and yields an integral numerical indicator of proficiency level. The methodological foundation comprised theoretical analysis, expert survey, and a pedagogical experiment involving the assessment of a group of specialists. The results demonstrate that the proposed mathematical toolkit provides not only comparative ranking of specialists but also precise diagnostics of individual deficits in their professional profile. This establishes a basis for constructing personalized develop- ment pathways. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential for implementing the methodology into processes of certification, career planning, and the forming of individual professional development programs within state and commercial structures.

Annotation: The article analyzes the opportunities and risks of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in higher educa- tion. The relevance of the article stems from the difference in cognitive and technological positions regarding AI between teachers and students. For instance, students master digital tools faster, while teachers are more cautious and critical. The results of a sociological survey of students and teachers at the Ural State University of Economics served as the empirical basis of the study. A comparative analysis of the perception and practice of using AI was conducted between two key groups in the educational process: students and teachers. The study identified differences in the purposes for using AI and the readiness to integrate it into the educational process. The study reveals a societal demand for the institutionalization of AI competencies in higher education. The ar- ticle substantiates the need to modernize educational programs, taking into account the growing role of artificial intelligence, and emphasizes the importance of critically assessing the advantages and risks of neural networks for students’ effective knowledge acquisition. The results obtained expand the empirical base of research on the digital transformation of education and can be used in the development of university educational policies.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study the impact of the Russian initial public offering (IPO) market on the national stock market capitalization, taking into account macroeconomic conditions. The analysis of the IPO market was conducted, which examined the dynamics of the MIPO index in the period 2024–2025, and studied the volumes of funds raised and the post-IPO dynamics of the capitalization of issuer companies that carried out placements in the first half of 2024. The regression analysis was used to assess the impact of the volume of funds raised through IPO and SPO on the total capitalization of the Russian stock market, taking into account macroeconomic factors in the model, such as GDP, the M2 monetary aggregate, stock trading volume, the long-term federal loan bonds rate, and the exchange rate. A statistically significant positive relationship was revealed between the volume of funds raised through IPOs and SPOs, and market capitalization. The article presents promising areas for the development of the IPO market in Russia, including measures of state support and increasing the investment attractiveness of companies.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to examine the legal flaws that have appeared in the activities of judicial authorities, including those caused by decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The study is based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which do not provide for the possibility of using judicial practice (judicial precedent) to justify decisions in specific cases, as well as the decision of the highest judicial body for constitutional control in the Russian Federation, on the one hand determining that the interpre- tation of law may be carried out only by law and on the other hand instructing the legislator to make changes to procedural codes, enabling, together with normative legal acts, to consider acts “containing clarifications of the legislation and possessing normative properties”. As a conclusion, proposals are formulated to correct the identified defects, allowing the court proceedings to return to the constitutional norms, for which the necessary amendments, including to the procedural codes of the Russian Federation, are proposed. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the methodological basis for assessing the level of competition in the banking services market. Along with a variety of coefficients and indices, most of the methods used often do not take into account subjective factors, such as public satisfaction with the banking sector. The article proposes an original methodol- ogy that combines objective (quantitative) market indicators with subjective assessments of public satisfaction. The assessment of all factors in points allows us to form a combined assessment of competition in the regional market and determine the market category based on the level of competition development. The methodology has been tested in several regions, resulting in a clear and interpretable assessment. Of the seven regions, four were in the zone of underdeveloped competition, one was in the zone of insufficiently developed competition, and two were on the border between insufficiently developed and developed competition The results obtained can serve as a basis for developing a set of measures to promote competition in the banking services market in the relevant market category or for adjusting it in the roadmap.

Annotation: It is noted that the possibility of canceling acts of public bodies in the order of self-control contradicts the prin- ciple of irrevocability of acts of public authority, justified in civil science. The criteria developed by the highest courts are highlighted, on the basis of which the act of cancellation may be invalidated. The inconsistency of judicial practice on the application of these criteria is demonstrated. It is justified that the legal consequences in the form of influence on civil legal relations are not the only consequences for participants in civil circula- tion, the presence of which should become the basis for invalidating the act of cancellation. According to the authors, currently there is a forming of judicial practice on the application of criteria for the abolition of acts in the order of self-control. Unfortunately, there are no doctrinally developed criteria for the permissibility of such a repeal; nor is there one in law. Based on the results of the study conducted by the authors, it is concluded that it is necessary to legislatively consolidate the criteria that would act as boundaries for the implementation of the right of public bodies to cancel their own acts in self-control. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article empirically assesses the effectiveness of three models of higher education digitalization: the basic online learning system (Learning Management System, LMS); blended learning with self-Regulated learning mechanisms (SRL); the flipped classroom with analytics tools. A quasi-experimental study was performed, and a parameterized evaluation of the effectiveness of these learning models was determined. The initial diagnostic and academic performance indicators, as well as the digital readiness index, were used as the initial covariates. The final variable is the final control score, whereas additional indicators are engagement and dropout risk. The statistical analysis included the ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) method with covariate control, logistic regression of dropout risk, and mediation analysis of the indirect effect via SRL with bootstrap estimation of confidence intervals. The research findings have yielded an integrative model wherein the pedagogical design of digital educational environments exerts an indirect influence on academic outcomes by developing self-regulated learning processes. The model assumes that: basic LMS support provides minimal support for self-regulation; blended learning with targeted self-regulatory learning mechanisms enhances goal setting, monitoring, and stra- tegic participation in learning; flipped classroom with analytics tools generates the most intense feedback cycles and adaptive regulation. Formally, the model is expressed by the following link: pedagogical design of digital learning – self-regulated learning – academic performance. These pedagogical configurations will allow us to consistently strengthen the impact on the development of self-regulated learning, which, in turn, will contribute to the growth of academic performance.

Annotation: The article is devoted to an analysis of trends in the development of tort law in the context of regulation of rela- tionships involving the use of artificial intelligence (AI), based on the model legislation of the CIS. The central issue of the study is the question of whether it is necessary to create fundamentally new legal mechanisms of liability for harm caused by AI, or whether it is possible to adapt existing civil law institutions. The methodologi- cal basis of the work is a comparative legal and regulatory analysis of the provisions of the Recommendations on the Regulatory Regulation of the use of artificial intelligence, including ethical standards for research and development and the CIS Model Law "On Artificial Intelligence Technologies". As a result of the study, key trends that underpin model regulation have been identified and analyzed: the expansion of strict (objective) liability by equating high-risk AI systems with sources of increased danger; the channeling of joint liability toward specific entities (owner, developer, operator); the socialization of risks through mandatory civil liability insurance; and the strengthening of consumer protection in the digital environment. The author’s main conclusion is that legal regulation of tort liability in the field of AI demonstrates continuity and an evolutionary nature, refuting the position that it is necessary to create an entirely new, “non-anthropocentric” system of liability.

Annotation: The article examines the potential of tokenizing equity rights in privately held companies as a tool to narrow the gap between current stock market capitalization and the 2030 target benchmark. The problem stems from the high concen- tration of capitalization and limited availability of public offerings for mid-segment companies, which constrain the expansion of issuers and the range of instruments on sale. The methodology includes analysis of capitalization dynamics for 2020–2025, comparative analysis of legal regimes for tokenization of securities and Russian regulation of digital financial assets, construction of a causal model and scenario assessment. Tokenization has been found to affect capitali- zation through lower transaction costs, increased secondary liquidity, greater transparency of corporate rights, and an expanded issuer base. The scenarios show a possible contribution of 3–8 percentage points of gross domestic product by 2030 if a regulated secondary market is formed. The conditions for implementation of the effect have been defined: legal certainty of corporate actions, reliable accounting and treasury infrastructure and proportional protection of investors.

Annotation: In contemporary legal doctrine, the category of «transport infrastructure» is often employed in a fragmented manner – in object-based, managerial, or public-regulatory terms – which hampers its holistic conceptualization as a complex legal phenomenon and obscures its place within the system of civil-law organizational relations. This article examines the legal nature of transport infrastructure through a comparative analysis with energy infrastructure as a typologically related network-based legal formation. The methodological framework combines systemic and functional approaches, comparative legal analysis, and the provisions of the theory of organizational civil-law relations. It is demonstrated that, although transport and energy infrastructures belong to the same general type of network formations, they differ significantly in the mechanisms ensuring their stability: energy infrastructure is characterized by a model of public-law centralization, whereas transport infrastructure operates as a distributed system of contractual and legal coordination. It is substantiated that contracts governing the use of transport infrastructure perform primarily a coordinating function, ensuring the alignment of participants’ actions and the integration of public-law and private-law regulatory mechanisms. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article presents a model of using didactic games in the process of teaching chemistry to medical students in order to improve the effectiveness of mastering this discipline by future physicians. The author notes and justifies the relevance of using didactic games in higher education. In order to expose the pedagogical potential of didactic games, a systematization of didactic games has been developed for the entire period of mastering chemistry disciplines by medical students. The systematization is based on the dominant didactic goal and the nature of students’ activities. Particular emphasis is placed on the methodological principles of developing and implementing didactic games: consideration of the specifics of higher education, systematic application, prac- tice-oriented approach, and the organic inclusion of chemical experiments. The author notes that the results of applying the model will be most successful if didactic games are used systematically in the educational process and have appropriate methodological content: practice-oriented tasks and the use of various types of chemical experiments. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated.

Annotation: The article examines an approach to strengthening the financial resilience of commercial healthcare organizations, enabling a transition from a model of operational stability to a model of strategic adaptability and growth. The theoretical section systematizes external and internal factors of financial resilience, focusing on industry-specific factors: a high proportion of fixed costs, a long financial cycle with insurance companies, mandatory costs for integration with the Unified State Health Information System (EGISZ), and cybersecurity. A three-component structure of adaptive potential is substantiated: positional resilience (liquidity and autonomy), operational sta- bility (profitability), and developmental stability (investment capacity). Using an existing medical organization as an example, a comprehensive diagnostic was conducted, including an analysis of competitive positioning, calculation of financial resilience, liquidity, and profitability ratios, cash flow assessment, and a SWOT analysis. A paradox of “stagnant stability” has been identified: despite formally absolute indicators of financial resilience and revenue growth, the medical organization exhibits critically low profitability, deteriorating material and technical resources, and an inability to self-finance development. In conclusion, a strategy for overcoming the identified dysfunctions is proposed, comprising three interrelated stages: financial stabilization; improving op- erational efficiency through the digitalization of processes; and strategic diversification through the development of medical transportation and telemedicine services, creating a closed-loop service ecosystem. Implementation of the proposed measures will significantly increase profitability and ensure the competitive development of the organization.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to consider the relationship between the conditions in which drug crimes are com- mitted and the content of the criminal situation that inevitably arises. It is noted that this category has not been practically studied in the forensic context. However, it is the existing conditions that affect not only the completion of illegal actions but also the mechanisms of trace formation, which reflect both the criminal’s personal charac- teristics and the subject of the offense. This, in turn, determines the choice of technical means and tactics when conducting investigative actions; direction of the investigation; and also identification of all circumstances that allow us to find out the full picture of the occurred criminal event. The emphasis is placed on the dependence of the conditions existing at the time of the crime on the place and time of the criminal intent. Understanding them in a forensic manner is crucial for conducting a complete, comprehensive, and objective investigation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article analyzes the relationship between publication activity of applicants to doctoral programs and the likelihood of their successful on-time thesis defence. The issue of empirically verifying publication background as a predictor of successful thesis defense is underrepresented in the Russian scientific literature, making this research topic relevant. This empirical study was conducted using data from the doctoral program at the Mos- cow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI) and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), a national bibliographic database. Bibliometric indicators of 121 postgraduate students were collected based on the initial data on those enrolled in postgraduate studies in 2017–2020 and those who graduated in 2021–2024. The analysis of the generated dataset confirms the correlation between the bibliometric indicators of doctoral program applicants and the probability of their successful on-time thesis defence. During the study, a methodology was developed for the integrated assessment of postgraduate students’ publication background. The research addresses the important and methodologically significant issue of assessing predictors of academic success in the training of highly qualified personnel.

Annotation: The article prioritizes low-carbon development measures for the Russian Federation through industrial moderni- zation and energy efficiency improvements. The sectoral structure of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is examined using the National Inventory Report. Using a comparative analysis of technologies, the dominant emission sources requiring priority action were identified. Measures for reducing emissions from enterprises are systematized, including the utilization of secondary energy resources, improved equipment efficiency, carbon dioxide capture, and the reduction of leaks in systems. Implementation constraints related to carbon dioxide handling infrastructure, the capital intensity of projects, and the requirements for measurability and verification of results are highlighted. Feasibility conditions are formulated and logic for selecting measures by emission sources is proposed. It has been noted that the use of carbon capture technologies is economically less preferable in some cases than reducing emissions by improving energy efficiency and replacing used energy resources. The conclusion is that proactive development of energy infrastructure is necessary to prevent an increase in emissions.

Annotation: The current issues regarding the content and essence of the concept of “cybercrime”, as well as its connection with the concepts of “cyber threat” and “cybersecurity” are considered. A typical scheme of cyber threat im- plementation is given. The state-of-the-art list of the main threats in cyberspace is given, focusing on the latest trends (Internet of Things, etc.). Through the prism of forensic classification (systematization) types of high- tech crimes are considered, both from the point of view of UN experts, who were at the origin of the concept of “cybercrime”, and from the perspective of modern scientists and practitioners. The concept of cybercrime is formulated, emphasizing the unity of understanding of the essence of cybercrime in the modern world. Based on official statistics, changes in the dynamics of cybercrime in the Russian Federation have been shown since 2024. The qualitative structure of modern cybercrime, which has remained virtually unchanged, is analyzed. In conclu- sion, a valid conclusion is made about the need for further scientific research on the issue under consideration. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes the lack of a dynamic model that explains the transition of national economies between different modes of participation in the global production system. Drawing on the theories of global value chains and production networks, the author proposes a three-stage evolutionary model: integration, consolidation, and architectural influence. The model is developed through theoretical synthesis and empirically grounded in the case of China, whose development trajectory from 1978 to the present sequentially illustrates the transition through all three stages. To validate the model, the article employs econometric analysis of time-series and panel data for the world’s ten largest economies over the period 2001–2024. Regression results confirm that R&D intensity, domestic market scale, and export market diversification are the key drivers of progression toward the architect stage. The most robust finding is the negative relationship between export concentration and export sophistication. The proposed approach has analytical value for researchers and practical significance for developing economic policies in the context of increasing competition for the architecture of international production.

Annotation: The modern geopolitical situation has necessitated the adaptation of Russian criminal procedure legislation to the conditions of special periods, such as wartime, mobilization, and martial law. Since 2022, a large number of amendments and changes have been made to the criminal and criminal procedure legislation, including those related to exemption from criminal liability and suspension of criminal proceedings against military personnel. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze the consistency of the amendments made to the domestic criminal procedure legislation and to identify problems of law enforcement practice related to the application of the relevant norms of criminal procedure legislation. Based on the results of the study, the author offers some proposals for improving the current legislation, noting, in particular, that the analysis of law enforcement practice and regulatory legal acts on the subject considered in the article leads to the conclusion that changes in the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation for conditions of martial law are non-systemic and contain internal contradictions. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as the RF, the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation is the CCP RF, and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is the CC RF.

Annotation: The article justifies the methodological and organizational conditions for using business games in the profes- sional training of future fire protection specialists. The article discusses the types of business games (simulation, organizational-activity, and role-playing games), the stages of designing and conducting a lesson, and the typical difficulties of implementation (scripting, teacher preparation, resource provision, and results evaluation). This article presents the results of testing the business game at the Ural Institute of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. It proposes criteria for evaluating students’ actions (decision efficiency, tactical soundness, quality of team interaction, and reflection) and shows how the indicators changed as a result of the lesson. The article concludes that integrating business games into tactical, specialized, and managerial training is advisable, pro- vided the described conditions are met. The study aims to substantiate the methodological and organizational conditions for using business games in firefighters’ professional training and to present the results of testing the game in a university setting. Methodology and research methods: the study was conducted within the framework of competence-based and activity-based approaches, drawing on the ideas of practice-oriented and simulation- based learning. The methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific sources, modeling (designing a business game scenario), pedagogical observation, expert assessment of students’ actions, analysis of the results of tasks before/after the game, questionnaires/reflective sheets (if available) were used. The empirical part was implemented on the basis of the Ural Institute of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia.

Annotation: The article examines the concept of compliance as a comprehensive system for ensuring that an organiza- tion’s activities comply with legal requirements, other mandatory norms, as well as internal rules and ethical standards. The research methodology is based on dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, and comparative legal methods. The evolution of this institution in the Russian legal system is analyzed, tracing its shift from a narrow understanding as a control and supervision function to its perception as an integral element of cor- porate culture and risk management system. The place of compliance in the corporate governance structure is defined as a link between strategic and operational levels. Special attention is paid to the legal aspects of implementing compliance systems and their impact on minimizing legal and reputational corporate risks. As a result, the study identifies the main problems of the fragmented legal regulation of compliance in Russia and proposes specific solutions, including legislative formalization of the conceptual framework and the develop- ment of incentive mechanisms. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the transformation of the Indian labor market in the face of global economic chal- lenges. It examines employment dynamics and the structure of unemployment in contemporary India, analy- ses key trends in labor relations, and highlights the specifics of labor market interactions between India and Russia. This article emphasizes the critical importance of studying demographic factors and structural imbalances in the Indian labor market. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of “jobless growth”, gender imbalance, and high youth unemployment. Prospects for Russian-Indian cooperation in the field of human resources are analyzed, including employment opportunities for Indian specialists in Russia and the development of high-tech industries in India. Recommendations are made to improve employment regulation mechanisms and increase the efficiency of labor resource use. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing India’s labor market challenges, taking into account internal struc- tural characteristics and opportunities for international cooperation. The study highlights the importance of further developing partnerships between Russia and India to create an effective employment system and realize the potential of both countries.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problem of professionally oriented English language teaching based on media projects. The media project is considered as an effective tool for the forming of a student’s foreign language communicative competence in combination with the development of direct professional competencies. The article provides examples of projects that are used in the practice of teaching English to students of the training area 42.03.01 Advertising and public relations. The empirical study was based on a survey of students at Nizhny Novgorod Dobrolyubov State Linguistic University regarding the effectiveness of a media project. The authors of the article conclude that the digital media project promotes the natural integration of all the skills needed by a PR specialist with knowledge of a foreign language. The implementation of such projects allows students to master the tools of the 21st century, develop critical thinking, as well as increase motivation and engagement and turn the process of learning a foreign language into active creativity.

Annotation: This article is devoted to certain aspects of the mediation procedure. In the course of the study, the authors note that despite the fifteen-year history of the Federal Law No. 193-FZ of July 27, 2010, “On Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures with the Participation of a Mediator (Mediation Procedure),” this procedure is not a perfect tool for resolving disputes due to its specific features In particular, the uniqueness of mediation is largely determined by a set of legal principles for its conduct. These principles include voluntariness, confidentiality, cooperation and equality of the parties, as well as the impartiality and independence of the mediator. The ab- sence of competition between disputing parties places mediation in a special place within the legal system of dispute resolution. Meanwhile, mediation legislation needs to be developed and improved. In particular, there is a need to comprehen- sively address the quality assurance of services provided by mediators and issues related to the ability to handle confidential public-law disputes through the conduct of such a civil-law transaction as a mediatory agreement. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis and generalization of the experience of advanced training for labor (tech- nology) teachers in robotics in the context of updating the content of technological education and introducing a modular approach to the school subject “Labor (technology)”. The article analyzes and summarizes a sig- nificant amount of empirical data on advanced training courses for teachers in robotics. The study developed an advanced training course for teachers, which was used as the basis for a pedagogical experiment. Based on the summarized experience, a methodology for conducting advanced training courses for labor (technology) teachers was developed and tested, which allows for the structuring of the training program for real educational organizations. Methodological recommendations have been developed for conducting advanced training for labor (technology) teachers in robotics. As one of the empirical sources of data, the study used the author’s long-term personal participation in advanced training courses on robotics, both as a student (between 2016 and 2023) and as a teacher (2025). The research results can be used in the development of advanced training courses for labor (technology) teachers and their self-training, followed by teaching robotics to students.

Annotation: The article examines banking mechanisms of housing construction savings as an instrument for financing housing construction in Kazakhstan. The theoretical foundations of the housing construction savings system are analyzed, which is based on a combination of savings and credit mechanisms of bank financing for housing acquisition. Particular attention is paid to the role of banking institutions in the formation of long-term financial resources for the development of housing construction. The study evaluates the economic efficiency of the housing con- struction savings system and its impact on the development of the construction industry, the expansion of bank lending opportunities for the population, and the improvement of housing affordability. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific research, the key advantages of this model are identified, including the formation of a sustainable resource base for banks, the reduction of credit risks, and the stimulation of investment activity in the housing sector. The main constraints on the development of the system related to institutional and market factors are identified. Directions for improving the banking mechanisms of housing construction savings are proposed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of housing construction financing and expanding their role in the development of the national housing market.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of difficulties arising in attempts to register a flavour trademark in the Russian Federation. Flavour trademarks are one of the most controversial types of non-traditional trademarks in Russia, which at the moment have never been registered in the territory of our country due to the great difficulties in its registration. In this regard, the question arises: are flavour trademarks viable on the territory of the Russian Federation, or is their functioning on the territory of our country at the moment impossible? The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the realities of the market right holders, in order to maintain competitiveness, have to constantly seek new ways of development and innovations, one of which may be the use of non-traditional trademarks, such as flavour. The objectives of this work are to analyze flavor trademarks as a type of trademark, identify the features of their registration and legal protection, and assess the viability of flavor trademarks in modern Russian conditions. The hypothesis of the study is that at the moment the registration of flavour trademarks is impossible due to the problem of proving their distinctiveness, as well as the presence of certain requirements for the registration of trademarks. The analytical method, induction, comparison and abstraction method allowed for an in-depth analysis of the specificities of trademark registration and protection. The author concludes that it is inexpedient to register flavour trademarks in the territory of the Russian Federation at the moment. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic lies in the lack of legal protection of the stage image of public figures in the digital age. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal nature of the stage image as an object of copyright under Russian law. The main methods for preparing this article are formal law and comparative law. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign experience, various approaches to the protection of the stage image have been identified. Since there is no concept of a stage image in the legislation of the Russian Federation and the doc- trine, the prerequisites for the forming of a new legal regime of this object from the point of view of copyright are analyzed. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that in Russian law there is no special legal regime for the stage image of performers, which leads to incorrect dispute resolution. It is proposed to take into account foreign experience, in particular the similar concept of the right of publicity, which exists in the United States to improve domestic law in this area. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article touches upon the current problem of developing comprehension skills for special lectures in English among philology students. Despite having a high general level of language proficiency, students face significant difficulties in understanding authentic academic discourse due to its specific lexical, syntactic, and discursive features. The study aims to assess linguistics students’ current comprehension skills for specialized English- language lectures and to develop a methodological task package for improving these skills. The subject of the study is the process of teaching comprehension of specialized English-language lectures to students of language universities. The conducted empirical research revealed problematic areas in the development of a range of specific comprehension skills for lectures on linguistic topics in English, stemming from linguistic and socio- cultural difficulties inherent in the spoken text. Based on the diagnostic results that identified typical deficits in comprehension skills, a methodological task package was developed to foster these skills. The article emphasizes the necessity of a systematic, strategy-based approach to teaching academic comprehension, which goes beyond general language training.

Annotation: The article examines the systemic challenges that Russia’s innovation environment faces in the era of global digital transformation and external constraints. An analysis of international rankings (Global Innovation Index, Nature Index) reveals the Russian Federation’s systemic lag in key innovation development indicators. Based on statistical data from Rosstat, the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and expert assess- ments, the article identifies underlying structural problems in Russia’s innovation sector, including high import dependence in many critical sectors, insufficient commercialization of R&D, a shortage of private funding, personnel imbalances, institutional contradictions, and growing digital inequality across regions. It is shown that sanctions pressure has exposed and exacerbated these systemic dysfunctions. It is concluded that systemic modernization of the national innovation system and its adaptation to the conditions of digital transformation are necessary to ensure technological sovereignty, which requires a transition from targeted measures to a com- prehensive strategy of structural transformation.

Annotation: The article examines the features of the modern online pharmaceutical market and identifies future trends in the global and Russian pharmaceutical markets related to the development of online sales and customers’ desire for quick checkout and ease of purchase. Based on secondary data from specialized agencies and research firms, comparative analysis, and a review of the regulatory framework governing the pharmaceutical market, the authors identify trends in the development of the Russian and global online pharmaceutical sector. They also characterize the development model of the Russian pharmaceutical market in comparison with Western and Asian models. Based on an empirical study conducted using an online survey of 200 respondents, the authors conclude that in the country, purchases of over-the-counter drugs by young target audiences on marketplaces and online phar- macies are only gaining popularity, and consumers are skeptical about purchasing medicines. The results of the study are relevant for further research into consumers’ positive or negative attitudes toward online purchases.

Annotation: The article examines the future managers’ preparedness for career planning in conditions of high economic and social uncertainty. The study examines career components and the internal and external aspects of career de- velopment. It analyzes existing approaches to defining the concept of “career”, clarifying its content in light of professional activities under conditions of high uncertainty. This study demonstrates the role of self-management as a prerequisite for a successful managerial career and the extent to which psychological readiness components shape the future competitiveness of managers. The empirical study was based on a survey of students in the Management program. Analysis of the results revealed real difficulties in students’ career planning: low stress tolerance and a lack of habit in using psychological self-regulation techniques. The article proposes pathways for improving career planning skills among future managers based on psychological methods. It also provides recommendations for revising university educational programs to increase management students’ readiness to plan their professional careers in conditions of high uncertainty.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development and empirical testing of a formalized methodology for analysis and assessment of CRM system development options in the context of changing business processes. The methodology is based on the integration of multi-criteria analysis and key performance indicator (KPI) monitoring methods. In order to select alternatives for the development of a CRM system, a combination of AHP–TOPSIS methods is used, which allows us to considerate the diverse technological, economic, organizational, managerial, and stra- tegic criteria with control over the consistency of expert assessments. During the study, a system of criteria was formed and refined, metrics for the effectiveness of the system reconfiguration procedure and validation criteria (expert agreement, stability of ranking to weight changes, KPI dynamics after implementation) were defined. An empirical test of the developed methodology was conducted based on the AmoCRM information system in a small/medium-sized business. The results of the empirical test showed a statistically significant improvement in key KPIs. The research results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and its applicability for improving the validity of decisions on the development of CRM systems.

Annotation: The article examines the key problems of attracting and retaining young professionals (generation Z) in industrial enterprises, due to the contradiction between the specifics of industrial work and the values of modern youth. The growing need to adapt existing HR practices is substantiated, and the inefficiency of traditional approaches in the context of digital transformation and staff shortages is shown. The necessity of a qualitative revision of motivation systems is proved, where the priority shifts from material remuneration to factors of career growth, psychological security and the meaning of activity. The article considers the role of educational programs implemented within the framework of public-private partnership (using the example of the Professionalism project) as the most ef- fective mechanism for training and attracting young personnel. The research confirms that the strategic reform of the entire human capital management system, based on an understanding of the characteristics of the new generation, is not just desirable, but absolutely crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability, technological development, and competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the 21st-century economy.

Annotation: Modern microservice applications generate a significant amount of telemetry data necessary to ensure the observability and rapid diagnosis of incidents. However, full tracing of all requests becomes economically impractical due to the overhead of collecting, storing, and processing information. The article discusses methods of adaptive sampling of distributed tracing, which allow dynamically adjusting the amount of data collected depending on the current state of the system and query characteristics. The architecture of the tracing system is proposed, which includes a compo- nent of self-learning selection of traceable queries based on the analysis of metrics and query features. An algorithm is presented that combines system and behavioral criteria for evaluating the significance of queries. Experimental modeling has shown that the proposed approach can cover up to 90 % of abnormal cases while reducing the volume of telemetry by more than six times compared to the full collection. The results demonstrate the promise of adaptive sampling for increasing the efficiency of observability in microservice systems without increasing infrastructure load.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is related to the general dehumanization of modern education, both secondary and higher, largely due to its digitalization. The object of the research is the theory and practice of teaching phi- losophy as a discipline of the federal educational component in higher education institutions. The subject of the research is the didactic features of studying the main issues, problems and ideas of anthropology as a branch of philosophical knowledge. The purpose of the work is to provide a pedagogical justification for the statement that when presenting educational material, it is possible to make any meaningful depth clear, as well as vice versa, to confuse and obscure even simple issues and ideas. The research methods are deductive and inductive reasoning, analogy, idealization, thought experiment, comparative analysis and pedagogical observation. The result of the work is substantiation of the simplicity, clarity and vitality of the material taught to students as the main means of achieving educational, developmental and educational learning goals. The results of the research can be ap- plied in the field of theory and practice of teaching philosophy and other social and humanitarian disciplines in higher education institutions.

Annotation: The article examines modern approaches to the forming and implementation of innovative mechanisms for in- teraction between the state, business, and civil society. Emphasis is placed on the need to move from traditional partnership models to network forms of cooperation based on open innovation, digitalization, and sustainable development. The tools of public-private and public-public partnerships are analyzed, as well as the role of digital platforms in ensuring transparency and efficiency of communication between participants. It is shown that the intensification of unilateral economic restrictions and the need to boost domestic investment require a transition from traditional, administrative models of interaction to network forms based on the principles of open innovation, digitalization, and sustainable development, which can be achieved through increased cooperation between the government, business, and civil society. The directions of improving the institutional environment are proposed, contributing to the development of the innovation ecosystem and strengthening trust between sectors. It is shown that the key direction for developing innovative mechanisms for interaction between the state, busi- ness, and society is the forming of a unified digital partnership ecosystem, which will allow for the integration of databases, platforms, and services for all participants, simplify the search for partners and sources of financing, and automate the processes of monitoring and evaluating projects.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the issues of regulatory and legal regulation of cybersecurity in the modern digital world, where information systems, networks and data have become the objects of constant cyber attacks and threats. The study focuses on analyzing the existing legislative framework of the Russian Federation regulating the area of cybersecurity as an interdisciplinary legal institution, and on identifying the changes that have occurred in this area in recent years. One of the objectives of the work is also a selective analysis of foreign experience in the area of cybersecurity by examining the contents of relevant strategies for comparative analysis with the Russian reality. In addition, this article outlines the author’s positions on the definitions of «information security» and «cybersecurity»; an analysis of current versions of legal norms on information security. In general, the analysis of cybersecurity as an interdisciplinary legal institution contributes to an understanding of current problems and prospects for its further development, and may be useful for both cybersecurity specialists and researchers interested in ensuring the protection of individual rights and freedoms in a digital society. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes the determinative (cause-and-effect) relationships between the goals of training sessions and the results of higher military school cadets as the subject of the research. The structure and logic of goal-setting of training sessions are considered not only as organizational forms, but also as teaching methods with different levels of cognitive and activity orientation. A typology of learning goals and their correlation with competence levels is carried out, a three-level goal-setting structure is proposed (strategic competence, subject-disciplinary, and private-thematic levels). A model of determinative relationships between types of training and learning outcomes (knowledge, skills, competencies) has been developed. The ways of updating the targets of the main types of training sessions in the interests of improving the effectiveness of the educational process are proposed. Contradictions between the requirements of departmental acts and the pedagogical logic of constructing the objectives of training sessions are revealed. It is concluded that high-quality goal setting of training sessions at the level of expected learning outcomes for cadets of the higher military school is an important condition for the effective forming of competencies, knowledge, and skills. The research results are aimed at developing a general theory of goal setting in higher school didactics with their specification in relation to the specifics of military education.

Annotation: The article develops an approximate version of the model of institutional transformation in the sphere of repro- duction of innovations through public-private partnership (PPP). The growing need for the said transformation is substantiated, and the general outline is proposed and the organic integrity of the proposed institutional transformations in the sphere of development of relevant partnership relations between the state and business is characterized. The necessity of a qualitative update of the constitutional “rules about rules” for the forming of new institutions in the sphere of PPP, ensuring the expanded reproduction of cognitive and product innovations, is proven. The critical role of the power-ownership system in increasing the efficiency of PPP, based on civil society and the rule of law, is considered. The key role of the intellectual firm in the general structural model of the institutional mechanism of public-private partnership in the sphere of innovation creation and, in general, the development of innovative relations in the modern economy is verified. The institutions that ensure the creative focus of the new model of partnership relations between the state and private business in the context of increas- ing complexity are characterized.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to consider the place of religiosity and faith in the self-consciousness of modern Russian society, in Russian constitutionalism and state science. Religiosity is proposed to be distinguished as a spiritual tradition, as a ritual and as a social value. As a spiritual tradition, religiosity has shaped Russian culture and the Russian way of life of multinational Russian society for centuries. As a ritual, religiosity acts as the outer shell of spiritual tradition, but sometimes it is detached from sincere faith. Religious fanaticism, especially extremism, testifies not to the depth of faith, but to sinful intolerance. However, human life is hardly possible without rituals. Religiosity is a social value, since it is the basis of archetypes, the basis of traditional morality and culture. As a social value, it is also important because it requires overcoming the individualistic ailments of the human spirit, starting with such a sin of the mind as pride. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The individualization of learning has led to the need to take into account and apply cognitive factors in education. This article examines novel forms and methods for implementing the technological functions of cognitive learning within a digital information-educational environment. A new characteristic of learning, called “engagement”, is considered, which is associated with the need to use cognitive methods. The role of cognitive technologies in adaptive learning is revealed. It is noted that cognitive technologies are becoming more important in blended learning. The difference in the realization of cognitive functions in an electronic and natural educational environ- ment is methodologically explained. A concept of cognitive educational communicativistics is proposed, which allows for a systematic view of cognitive technologies not only as a tool for the digitalization of education but also for fostering a new pedagogical mindset. The basic principles of creating a new interdisciplinary field link- ing cognitive processes and communication in the educational environment are considered. The prerequisites for the training of future teachers who are ready for the introduction and application of cognitive technologies are highlighted and substantiated. The concept of communicativistics opens up opportunities for a systematic understanding of the role of cognitive technologies in modern education and can serve as a methodological basis for further research.

Annotation: The article eescribes administrative offenses affecting the electoral rights of citizens, which are an integral ele- ment of a democratic rule of law state. The object of the study is offenses that infringe on the right guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation to vote and be elected. The subject of the analysis is the norms of administrative legislation governing liability for such offenses, as well as law enforcement practice. The article describes the most common types of administrative offenses, including bribery of voters, illegal campaigning, forgery of signatures and interference in the activities of election commissions. The analysis of the norms of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law «On Basic Guar- antees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum» is carried out. The methodological basis of the research consists of methods of legal analysis, synthesis, as well as a comparative approach to the study of national and international experience. The most problematic areas related to violations of electoral legislation are revealed and specific measures to improve legal regulation are suggested. The article also presents various scientific approaches to the problem of administrative responsibility and formulates its own reasoned position. The work may be of interest to lawyers, experts in the field of electoral law, as well as government authorities. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article clarifies the interpretation and specifies the content of the technological paradigm as a structural and reproductive integrity. The ontology of the change of technological paradigms as the dynamics of the organic integrity of related industries is revealed. The moving boundaries of the specific weights of private and public participation in the sphere of expanded reproduction of technological innovations are considered, and attention is focused on the creation of new forms of interaction between the market and the state in the sphere of ensuring highly efficient technological transformation. Interdisciplinary aspects of the formation, development and change of socio-economic systems, as well as the corresponding technological paradigms, are characterized. A nanocog- nitive form of human capital is proposed, relevant to the hypothetical seventh technological paradigm based on the system of tacit knowledge with an unconditional creative orientation of economic development. It is shown that for the successful development of technological innovations, a relevant technology of economic-ideological, institutional, cognitive, organizational-managerial and other transformations is necessary. The new role of state entrepreneurship in solving the problems of highly effective technological transformation has been verified.

Annotation: It has been established that the future of higher education organizations is associated with the forming of edu- cational ecosystems. However, the scientific literature has not yet defined either the content of the concept of “educational ecosystem” or the criteria of an educational ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the criteria of educational ecosystems that are currently being formed on the basis of leading universities and global educational centers. To solve this problem, the study uses the method of studying scientific literature (descriptive method, apperception method), conducts a review of official websites, strategies and development programs of the world’s leading universities and educational centers presented on them, summarizes the trends in the development of higher education reflected in analytical reports of international organizations. Based on the results of the study, the criteria of the educational ecosystem were established, reflecting the key areas of activity of educational organizations, which, with the proper “superstructure” of the supporting infrastructure, allow achieving a synergistic effect from such a reorganization. The results obtained contribute to the development of the ecosystem approach in higher education due to a deeper understanding of the etymology of the concept of the educational ecosystem and a clearly defined outline.

Annotation: The aim of the study is to consider the key aspects of such a scientific problem as the relationship between the form and content of domestic political and legal doctrines. Applying a set of general scientific methods of cogni- tion based on a dialectical approach to the understanding of state and legal phenomena and the corresponding processes, the author comes to the conclusion that along with the development of interdisciplinarity within the framework of the modern stage of scientific rationality, rethinking the forms of external expression of political and legal doctrines in the context of their content (and elements of the corresponding political and legal doctrines) is acquiring a decisive character in light of the prospects for the general development of the science of the history of political and legal doctrines in the 21st century. The article substantiates the need for closer attention to the issue of the forms of external presentation of political and legal doctrines. The author bases his position using, first of all, a specific historical approach and analyzing pre-revolutionary teachings, as well as the results of the development of scientific legal thought in the field of science of state law. It is there that the dependence of the content on the form of external presentation of their teachings chosen by the authors (dissertation, monograph, scientific article) is manifested. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article offers a general description of the dynamic forms of artificial intelligence (AI) as an innovative factor in the systemic transformation of the modern economy. An assumption is made about the possible emergence of a conditional fourth stage of AI development (the stage of “digital cognitive plasma”), based on the superpowers of neural networks, in interaction with big knowledge, in the field of expanded reproduction of both the system of implicit and explicit knowledge. The contradictory consequences of the influence of artificial intelligence on the human capital of an economic entity are analyzed within the framework of the dichotomy “creativity – labor”. The conclusion is substantiated about the continuous reduction in the share of “live” creativity in the system of general forms of innovative relations, in favor of the “creativity” of AI technologies. The modern specificity is revealed and alternative consequences of the digital transformation of the human capital market are characterized in the context of the current stage of domestic socio-economic development. The negative effects of the influence of AI on the dynamics of demand for domestic human capital and the forms of its supply, caused by the features of the development of relevant regional, industry, monopoly and international economic relations, are shown. An interdisciplinary list of the main arguments for and against the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the modern economy is proposed.

Annotation: The article describes the systemic problems of forming the HR brand of higher education institutions in the context of current trends in the labor market and educational services. Attention is focused on the key compo- nents of the HR brand of higher education institutions. The features of competitive selection for the position of a scientific and pedagogical worker in a higher educational institution are highlighted, and a way is proposed to increase the effectiveness of this procedure for the participants of the competition. Experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate students’ ideas about the working conditions of the teaching staff and their preferences as future specialists in the field of education on the basis of the Branch of the private educational institution of higher education “Moscow Witte University” in Ryazan. Based on the results of the survey, the main directions for attracting young scientists and specialists to scientific and pedagogical activities at the university have been identified. The analysis of the causes of professional burnout of scientific and pedagogical staff of universities as one of the factors influencing the HR brand forming for the university is carried out. An approach to the differentiation of the content of teachers’ work is considered, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of their activities. The practical significance of this research is aimed at improving the HR brand of higher edu- cation institutions, which will contribute to creating a positive image of them, attracting graduates to work at universities, and increasing competitiveness in the field of educational services.

Annotation: The article describes such interrelated categories, in the authors’ opinion, as “effectiveness of regulatory legal acts” and “assessment of regulatory impact” within the framework of scientific and practical approaches. As part of the study, the authors raise the question of whether, in principle, an objective assessment of the effectiveness of acts is possible, to what extent it depends on law-making and law enforcement. The answer to this question is complex and multifaceted and requires fundamental research. In this article, the authors conclude that any draft law should not be a mechanical set of legal norms, but should comply with the requirements of legal technology, language norms, and anti-corruption legislation; it should be adopted in accordance with the authority of the body that issued it, and should not contain provisions that run counter to the norms of higher-level acts. In ad- dition to all of the above, obviously, the draft law should be “working”, that is, aimed at optimizing those public relations that are the subject of its regulation. The authors consider the regulatory impact assessment procedure as one of the means to increase the effectiveness of regulatory legal acts by achieving these and other criteria. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to analyze the provisions of the Companies Act of the Republic of India (2013), as well as other sources that determine the organizational and legal forms of conducting business activities by commercial corporations. Research of terminological and semantic features of names of Indian corporations in comparison with Russian companies, identification of specifics of legal business structures under the legislation of India, definition of the legal basis and advantages of organizational and legal forms of Indian commercial companies for a better understanding of the legal mechanisms of commercial interaction between India and Russia; assessment of the effectiveness of the diversity of organizational and legal forms of commercial corpo- rations under the legislation of the Republic of India and consideration of the possibility of improving Russian legislation taking into account Russian realities. It is concluded that India’s legal experience can help Russian companies planning to work with the Indian market to understand the specifics of doing business in this country. Methodology: general scientific methods of scientific cognition (analysis, induction, comparison, generalization) and private methods of legal science, including formal legal, comparative legal, method of legal dogmatics, content analysis of legislative acts, court decisions and precedents. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The author examines the significance of religion and spiritual and moral values in the forming of Russia’s na- tional ideology. Modern Russia is facing serious challenges. The lack of a clear vision of a just future makes the country vulnerable. In this work, a system of values that, according to the author, could serve as the foundation for a new sovereign ideology is proposed. 1. Social justice – the idea of the need for equality of all citizens before the law, state control over strategic sec- tors of the economy and the responsibility of officials, which should lead to the well–being of the people. 2. Orthodox morality – an appeal to the foundations of Christian teaching and moral values, as well as to public virtues as factors in ensuring the spiritual strength of the nation. 3. Responsibility to future generations – an emphasis on the importance of passing on historical memory and educating citizens with an awareness of their responsibilities to society and the motherland. 4. Education and family – the key institutions that need to be reformed. The author proposes to raise the sta- tus of teachers, make education a national priority, and strengthen support and protection of the family as the foundation of the state. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article analyzes the role and content of the digital portfolio in the process of personalizing the educational process of students. The opinions of university students on the need to use their digital portfolio, their involve- ment in creating their own portfolio on various Internet resources were studied. Based on the results of the in- terview and student survey, problematic aspects in this area were identified, which were taken into account when conducting a pilot study on the development of students’ own digital portfolios, based on the characteristics of a personalized approach. As a result, the need was identified to develop a digital portfolio model taking into ac- count personification in education, including the integration of motivational, cognitive and activity components, each of which is considered by the author in the article separately and in interrelation. The findings can serve as a basis for further improvement of a personalized approach to the organization of the educational process in universities and the development of digital portfolios in the context of this approach.

Annotation: The article explores the problem of digital behavior among students and young people. Attention is paid to the components of digital behavior, its differences from behavior in the real world are considered, and the impact of digital behavior on real processes and relationships is shown. The phenomenon of digital culture is studied, and the dependence of digital behavior on the level of digital culture is traced. The content of the concept of ‘digital addiction’ is described, its negative characteristics affecting the development of cognitive abilities and the choice of behavioral strategies – real and virtual – are revealed. The positive and negative consequences of digital behavior stipulated by the simultaneous existence of an individual in the real and virtual world are analyzed. The role of cyber illusions on the process of forming of digital addiction and digital behavior is shown, the risks of extrapolation of virtual entities into the natural environment are traced, leading to profound transformations of consciousness and social actions of young people. It is noted that behavior and communication in the space of the Internet and social networks are characterized by their inconsistency and unpredictability, which affects the social and psycho-emotional states and moral attitudes of individuals.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problem of development of economic culture of students. The subject of the study is the pedagogical conditions for the development of economic culture of students of a professional educational organization. Three interrelated approaches are used – systemic, competence and activity-based during the theo- retical and methodological analysis of the process of development of economic culture of students. This is due to the semantics of the basic term “economic culture”, considered in the article as a set of elements: economic knowledge, practical skills and abilities; moral and economic orientation of the individual; ways of organizing activities; norms regulating human behavior in society. Pedagogical observations of the authors show that in pro- fessional educational organizations, the economic culture of students is not developing effectively enough, lagging behind modern socio-economic realities. The resolution of this contradiction is possible through the creation of the necessary pedagogical conditions in the educational organization that ensure effective control of this process. The scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the systematization of pedagogical conditions for the effective development of economic culture, including a set of pedagogical measures structured by the authors into three groups: informative, organizational, methodological and socio-personal. The proposed system of peda- gogical conditions will contribute to efficiency in improving the level of economic culture of future specialists.

Annotation: The presented work analyzes the institution of recognition as a citizen of the Russian Federation as a new basis for acquiring citizenship, introduced in 2023 by the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” and a number of federal constitutional laws adopted due to the accession of new regions to Russia. Based on the results of the analysis, the need to review the procedure for automatic recognition as Russian citizens of those citizens of Ukraine who arrive in Russia from third countries, having previously lived in territories that came under the control of the Russian Federation after September 30, 2022, is justified. Based on the results of a brief study, the author proposes to revise the legislator’s approach to the automatic recognition by Russian citizens of those Ukrainian citizens who have permanent registration in the territories which became part of Russia after September 30, 2022, and did not express their intention to return to their place of residence or apply for Russian citizenship during a special military operation. This proposal concerns, first of all, those persons who arrive in the Russian Federation from third countries. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article presents current measures to support small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federa- tion. Priority sectors of small and medium-sized businesses for the provision of investment loans in 2025–2030 are considered. Loans issued to small and medium-sized businesses in 2017–2023 are analyzed, as well as the dynamics of the volume of loans provided to small and medium-sized businesses. The impact of the 2022–2024 sanctions on the availability of long-term financing is considered. The study highlights short-term liquidity instru- ments that can become a starting point for future reforms, strengthening the country’s position as a developing entrepreneurial power. Factors that hinder the development of lending to small and medium-sized businesses are revealed, including regulatory restrictions, insufficient financial literacy, and the high cost of credit resources, and their causes and consequences are considered. The conclusion of the study presents the findings, recom- mendations, and prospects for the development of bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses in Russia.

Annotation: The article considers the development of a structural organizational and pedagogical model of a university complex for training future teachers in the system of social partnership “Pedagogical University – Preschool Educational Organization” (“PU-PEO”) based on the missions of universities, namely: “Education”, “Sci- ence” and “University and Society”. During of the study, a pedagogical examination was carried out, accord- ing to the results of which the conclusion was made that the system-forming factor of the model is the Moscow International University Rating “The Three University Missions”. The rating is based on three main criteria (missions): education, science, university and society. The use of these criteria ensures the creation of a holistic educational process aimed at socializing the individual and forming the qualities of a highly qualified specialist. The method of group expert assessment was chosen as the leading tool in the study, which makes it possible to algorithmize the procedures for developing the structure and content of the model of the university complex for future teachers training. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the creation of a model for training future teachers in the social partnership system “PU-PEO”, which at the structural level includes the functions of assessing the quality of the educational process in the context of implementing the university rating “Three missions of the university”, adopted in pedagogical qualimetry. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of using them to improve educational programs and increase the effectiveness of interaction with subjects of social partnership.

Annotation: The article specifies theoretical and scientific-practical aspects of forming and development of contractual rela- tions in the modern domestic economy. A brief retrospective of key provisions characterizing the specifics of the functioning of incomplete contracts as the most important basis for market self-regulation and the dynamics of competitive interactions is offered. The “pure” contract in the form of the institutional G2G model operating in the Russian economy is characterized, which is a natural consequence of the traditional administrative distri- bution and a function of rent-oriented behavior of key economic entities. The negative socio-economic conse- quences of the domestic quasi-market, presented as a state-commercial symbiosis incapable of self-organization and self-regulation, and blocking the relationship of open and competitive access to scarce economic resources, are revealed. The need to develop an institutional mechanism designed to quickly form a system of contractual distribution that optimizes the interests of the state and representatives of the private sector of the economy is substantiated. The prospects for the forming of innovative forms of modern contractual relations in the domestic economy are considered. In this regard, the need for updating and further improving the offset contract system has been verified, especially in the area of expanded reproduction of technological innovations.

Annotation: The article describes the key aspects of the formation and development of the platform economy in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the main drivers of digital platform growth is conducted, and the institutional bar- riers hindering their development are identified. The article considers the economic effects of the development of the platform economy and presents forecasts for further development. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data, regulations and scientific literature on the topic. Particular attention is paid to the law on the platform economy adopted in 2025 and its potential impact on the development of the industry. The research meth- odology includes a system analysis, a comparative analysis of international experience and expert assessments. The results of the study show that the platform economy is becoming a significant factor in Russia’s economic growth, providing employment for 10 million people and accounting for about 5 % of the country’s GDP. Positive dynamics in the development of the main segments of the platform economy are revealed: e-commerce, transport services, financial technologies and labor platforms. The study demonstrates the need for an integrated approach to regulating the platform economy, taking into account the balance of interests of all market participants.

Annotation: The article is devoted to relevant issues of healthcare transformation in modern conditions of digitalization and widespread implementation of information technologies. The article contains a comprehensive view demonstrat- ing the forming of digital systems in the field of healthcare through the creation of a national digital platform for the interaction of all healthcare participants. Digital transformation implies a change in the nature of interac- tion between three main categories – medical institutions, doctors and patients. The introduction of technology increases the level of “digital maturity” of the healthcare industry and stimulates domestic manufacturers of medical equipment and software. The article presents the dynamics of investments in Russian digital healthcare and provides an analysis of the state financial and economic support for the digital healthcare platform. The structure of the republican budget expenditures on healthcare of the Eurasian Economic Union allows for a comparative analysis of the participating countries not only by year, but also in comparison with each other. As a result, conclusion has been drawn indicating the need for further development of digital technologies to integrate healthcare into a modern innovative environment.

Annotation: The subject of this study is the specificities of distinguishing cases of abuse of rights in the framework of insol- vency (bankruptcy) proceedings of legal entities. The author uses a logical classification technique that provides a systematic look at the usually proposed chaotic definition of forms (types) of abuse of law in bankruptcy. The issues of the relationship between form and content in the context of abuse of rights as a special type of behavior are investigated. As a result, the author suggests considering the types of abuse of law in bankruptcy without separating this type of misconduct from its harmful results. The work criticizes both the positions of researchers who identify forms and types of abuse of rights in bankruptcy and the opinions of scientists who distinguish be- tween these concepts, but not always on the right grounds, or draw incorrect conclusions from such distinctions. The need to distinguish six forms (types) of abuse of rights in bankruptcy of legal entities, which are distinguished from types of abuse of rights, is substantiated. New arguments are presented to support the classification of abuse of law in bankruptcy as proposed in the doctrine, as well as additional classifications. These additions should include possible changes in civil legislation aimed at protecting the interests of participants in the insolvency (bankruptcy) case of legal entities, other interested parties, the State and society as a whole from misconduct resulting in abuse of law. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “norm of financial law” as the main regulator of public relations arising in the process of financial activities of the state, that is, activities for the creation, distribution and use of state and municipal monetary funds for material (monetary) support of the tasks and functions of public legal entities. This publication examines the essence of financial law norms, the specifics of their structure, classification, analyzes the views of legal scholars on the signs characterizing financial and legal norms, and identifies the main differences between financial and legal norms from those of other branches of Russian law. Consideration of these issues seems relevant, since in the domestic scientific and educational literature there are relatively few studies devoted directly to financial and legal norms. As a result of this brief study, the author’s definition of the concept of “norm of financial law” is formulated, and the main features inherent in this type of legal norms and important are highlighted. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article presents the results of a study of the structure of educational motivation of students studying in the psychological and pedagogical area, with varying degrees of expression of their social creativity. In order to implement the study, such psychodiagnostic methods as “Determining the social creativity of a personality” by N.P. Fetiskin and “Studying the motives of students’ learning activities” by A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin were used. The single-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion and the nonparametric U-Mann-Whitney criterion were used as methods of mathematical and statistical analysis. The study involved 42 respondents. In order to achieve the goals of the study, three groups of respondents with different levels of social creativity were identified from the sample. The hypothesis of the existence of statistically significant differences in the structure of educational motivation of respondents with different levels of social creativity was fully confirmed, and the specificity of the structure of educational motivation of each group of respondents was revealed. The results of the study can be used in organizing psychological support for students of psychology departments, as well as in developing relevant courses and disciplines.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of legislative regulation and trends in law enforcement practice in the field of improper use of premises in light of changes in the provisions of civil legislation in this area. The article ana- lyzes a few examples of judicial practice in this category of cases. It evaluates the arguments on the possibility of applying Art. 287.7 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation not only to premises, but also to buildings. Attention is drawn to the extensive intervention of public law in the issue of the targeted use of real estate by participants in private law relations. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the issue of the purpose of using non-residential premises is not clearly regulated by law and may cause ambiguous interpretation in law enforcement practice. The consoli- dation of the type of permitted use of capital construction objects in urban planning legislation took place even before the analyzed tough sanction appeared, which could lead to the termination of ownership of a valuable real estate object. In the light of the significant tightening of sanctions for the misuse of premises, science and judicial practice have yet to formulate approaches to the border of discretion of participants in private law relations when using objects belonging to them. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to consider the “cultural code” as one of the most relevant concepts for humani- ties disciplines studying the state of culture in modern society. Interdisciplinary approaches to the definition of the “cultural code” are taken as a basis, indicating the complexity of this concept. The authors identify the meaningful structure of the concept of “cultural code” in relation to the Abkhaz reality in the parameters of deconstruction and reconstruction of images and symbols using the example of the State Coat of Arms of the Republic of Abkhazia and personifying symbols of social order and progress. Based on the results of the study, the authors identify several key theses and conclusions, in particular: the necessary features of legal regulation of public relations; that the theory of cultural code provides a contextual understanding of human communica- tive behavior and represents the relationship between communication and culture. This also means that in the dynamic interaction of the individual and the social whole, traditions and innovations, freedoms and obligations, both the individual human potential and the public benefit receive an increment.

Annotation: Assessing the social integration of students with hearing impairments is an important component of monitoring the effectiveness of the educational model implemented for these students by the university. The study proposes an algorithm for assessing the social integration of hearing impaired students, based on the identification of three key parameters: attitude toward integration (declared level of acceptance of the environment); well-being in the university environment (socio-psychological adaptation); behavioral component (identity – communica- tion – inter action). The algorithm’s parameters are operationalized through specific indicators, allowing for a quantitative assessment of integration processes. A socio-psychological well-being index has been introduced, allowing for a numerical assessment of a student’s degree of adaptation to the university environment. An em- pirical survey-based study was conducted at Bauman Moscow State Technical University, covering both hearing and hard-of-hearing students. The results were processed using linear statistical analysis and multidimensional scaling. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the university’s approaches to educating hard-of-hearing students in terms of their social integration. A method for calculating the Student Social Well-Being Index at the university is proposed. The work is aimed at developing inclusive education and can serve as a model for the implementation of similar systems for monitoring the social adaptation of students with disabilities.

Annotation: This article is devoted to an issue that has not received an unambiguous resolution both in the scientific literature and in the current civil legislation. The institution of self-defense of civil rights occupies a special place in the system of civil law methods of protection due to the relative simplicity and universality of its legal structure. In its most general form, self–defense of law is a method of countering an already existing unlawful encroachment, which in its content must correspond to the nature of such an encroachment, namely, be proportionate. Meanwhile, the legal structure of self-defense of law, from the point of view of current legislation, necessarily presupposes the presence of unlawful encroachment. This state of affairs inevitably leads to the need to resolve the issue of the legal nature of the so-called “preventive self-defense”, defined in the legal literature as a kind of self-defense of law. The general result of the authors’ arguments is the conclusion about the relatively independent legal nature of the institution of preventive self-defense and the need to separate this institution in the system of means of civil protection of rights and legitimate interests. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the methodological potential of foreign-language conversation clubs in higher educational institutions. The methodological potential of a foreign-language conversation club is consid- ered as a set of possibilities of this tool to achieve the best results in learning a foreign language. In the course of the research, the structure of the tasks of the conversation club and the competencies that are necessary for the teacher in charge of the club’s work are highlighted. It is noted that in addition to the practical aspect, an important task of the conversation club is to create motivation to better master a foreign language and remove the language barrier. At the structural level, the methodological potential of a foreign-language conversation club is revealed in speech activity and the forming of the necessary linguistic and communicative skills of the participants. An empirical study was conducted on the basis of the “Speak Up!” conversation club of Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. Various forms of meetings are presented, during which students had the opportunity to develop communication skills, speaking, listening, reading and writing skills and also improve lexical, grammatical and pronunciation skills. A reflection of the students’ participation in the work of the “Speak Up!” conversation club was carried out, on the basis of which the directions for improving this method of teaching were determined.

Annotation: The article examines the key structural changes in the Russian hospitality market and their impact on the strategic transformation of domestic hotel chains. The study identifies the general definition of market structural changes and strategic transformation, analyzes statistical data and financial reports, and conducts a comparative analysis of the room inventory volume of hotel chains. The findings indicate significant growth in Russian hotel chains driven by market structural changes. The role of government initiatives, such as the national project “Tourism and Hospitality”, and regulatory measures in supporting the industry is highlighted. Special attention is given to the adaptation of hotel chains to new travel trends. In conclusion, the study establishes that market structural changes have simultaneously posed challenges and served as catalysts for strategic transformation and import substitution in the hotel industry. The research findings can be used for further strategic planning in the develop- ment of the hotel business in Russia, as well as for shaping adaptation strategies in response to evolving market conditions. Additionally, the results may be valuable for regulators and the academic community specializing in tourism and hospitality research.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that the digital transformation of the banking business has allowed customers around the world to reach a new level of accessibility and convenience, but this change has been followed by a number of new threats in the field of cybersecurity. Financial institutions must be prepared for the threats posed by intruders, who are constantly developing new strategies to take advantage of the short- comings of banking systems. The purpose of the work is to study potential cyber threats existing in the banking sector in order to develop methods for their identification and counteraction. The article shows the difference in the concepts of cyber threat, cyber-attack, and cyber representation. The types of cyber risks in the banking sector have been studied. Significant examples of cyber-attacks on Russian banks are analyzed. Based on the conducted research, the directions of minimizing cyber threats in the Russian banking sector are presented. It is noted in the article that despite the constant emergence of new and improved old methods of cyber-attacks, knowledge of the types of threats can significantly reduce their implementation with the right security controls, which gives organizations a higher level of cyber resilience.

Annotation: This article describes the actual problem of the legal regime of the property of higher education institutions, highlights aspects of this issue, including differences in the legal status of institutions depending on their type (budgetary, private, autonomous) and the objectives of their activities. In recent years, Russia has been experienc- ing significant changes in the sphere of higher education and property management of the educational institutions. New laws and bylaws may affect the legal status of property, which requires constant monitoring and analysis. With limited government funding, higher education institutions are becoming increasingly dependent on their own income, including rental and use of property. This emphasizes the need to clearly define the legal status of their property for effective management and development. The importance and necessity of a clear regulation of the rights and obligations of higher education institutions in relation to property, the forming of an effective mechanism for access to public resources, and the clarification of legislation in this area for the development of higher education institutions are substantiated. The variable and constant parts of the nature of the “property owner-institution” relationship model are revealed. The dependence of the legal regime of property on the posi- tion of the legal entity in operational management is shown. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the current state of the Russian banking sector, which is characterized by the uneven forma- tion of the resource base of commercial banks and the intensification of lending policies. The author systematizes the internal and external factors affecting the development of the banking sector, including: the availability of a customer base; the reduction of the key interest rate to 18%; the low investment attractiveness of deposit operations; the increase in the supply of corporate loans; and the tightening of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation’s monetary policy. The analysis of the assets and liabilities of the Russian banking sector reveals that net profit is increasing, while the liquidity of commercial banks’ assets is decreasing. The identified trends in the growth of borrowers’ debt burden indicate a priority increase in the credit debt of non-financial companies, which requires optimization of the structure of loans under targeted loan agreements. The article examines the problems of functioning of banking sector entities, as a result of which practice-oriented solutions are formulated to improve the efficiency of commercial banking development in a risk environment.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the issues of effective integration of elective social and humanitarian courses into individual educational trajectories of engineering students. The analysis of the practice of implementing a variable model of assimilation of sociological and psychological knowledge by students of technical faculties in connection with the transition of universities to individual educational trajectories is carried out. Various interactive teaching methods are described: brainstorming, emotional intelligence training, case studies, and project assignments. The article shows the specifics of the courses offered, their importance for the development of “soft skills” of an engineer, the features and difficulties of organizing training. A study of the attitude of engineering students to the introduction of alternative non-core courses into the educational process is presented, their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. It has been revealed that elective courses in psychology and sociology increase students’ personal inter- est and motivation to acquire knowledge that is not directly related to their specialty, but is necessary for successful implementation in the labor market. Based on the results obtained, psychological and pedagogical justifications for the choice of interactive teaching methods as priority tools for improving the effectiveness of new educational strategies are presented. The novelty of the research results lies in the development of theoretical and methodologi- cal provisions on the creation of pedagogical and organizational conditions for the effective integration of elective social and humanitarian courses into the individual educational trajectories of engineering students.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the constitutional development of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development of society and the state in the context of accumulated experience and current challenges in international relations. The article substantiates the need to adopt a new Constitution of the Rus- sian Federation. While appreciating the content, potential and direction of the 2020 constitutional amendments, the author is convinced that there is an urgent need for further accelerated progress in this direction. This is due to the fact that at least four fundamental provisions of the Basic Law are subject to cardinal revision until their decisive and final repeal. We are talking about part 2 of Article 13, which prohibits state ideology, part 2 of Arti- cle 9 of the Constitution, which allows private ownership of Land and other natural resources, part 1 of Article 1, declaring Russia a democratic state, article 2, proclaiming man, his rights and freedoms as the highest value. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of judicial practice as one of the most significant instruments for overcom- ing gaps in criminal law. Theoretical and legal foundations of legal gaps, their correlation with the analogy of statute and the analogy of law, as well as the specifics of judicial interpretation in the context of the principle of legality are considered. Particular attention is paid to the historical stages of the forming of the role of judicial practice in Russia — from the pre-revolutionary interpretation of laws by the Senate to the modern practice of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The impact of the Supreme Court Plenum resolutions on filling gaps in the regulation of new types of crime, including cybercrime and extremism, is analyzed. It is concluded that judicial practice in criminal law has a dual nature: on the one hand, it ensures legal certainty and fills legislative lacunae, and on the other hand, it entails the risks of “judicial law-making” and blurring of the principle of legality. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problem of training students of a pedagogical university for their future profession. The purpose of the study is to find effective methodological techniques for working with students in the practice of conducting a cycle of educational events “Conversations about the Important Things”. The object of the study is the process of preparing future teachers to carry out educational activities in the conditions of a modern school. The subject of the study is the acquisition by students of the experience of conducting classes within the framework of the “Conversations about the Important Things” project. The article presents the results of experi- mental work with 3rd year students of the Philological Faculty. The article outlines the conceptual foundations of teaching the course to future teachers, highlights the main problems that arise in the practice of conducting classes. Students’ acquisition of experience in conducting educational and upbringing activities can contribute to more successful implementation of such classes within the framework of the upcoming pedagogical practice, in the long term - in future professional activities related to the training and education of schoolchildren. The materials presented in the article may be of interest to students and teachers of higher education institutions, representatives of methodological associations.

Annotation: A quantitative assessment of the competitive environment of the Russian mobile communications market was carried out in the article. The strategic importance of the industry and its high degree of concentration make such monitoring important for both government regulatory bodies and private economic agents. The research was based on a comprehensive analysis of the market structure by calculating a system of formalized statistical and economic indicators: four-firm concentration ratio, the Herfindahl – Hirschman index, the relative entropy, the variance and coefficient of variation of market shares, as well as the Rosenbluth index. All calculations were performed on current data using Microsoft Excel software. The results obtained confirmed empirically the hypothesis about the existence of a rigid oligopoly in the market with the dominance of the four largest telecom operators. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations were formulated for regulatory authorities, including measures to reduce barriers to market entry, regulate pricing, and strengthen antitrust control. Key strategic patterns of behavior for businesses in conditions of high market concentration have been identified. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of using statistical methods for objectively diagnosing the level of market competition and suggest specific ways to develop it in a strategically important segment of the economy.

Annotation: This article analyzes the criminological characteristics of the personality of a female criminal based on socio- demographic, criminal-legal, moral-psychological, social-role, and penal-executive characteristics. The author has established that criminologists are currently inclined to seek an explanation for the criminal personality and its unlawful behavior not in physiology and psychiatry, but in social psychology and psychological theories of personality. In domestic criminology, the concept of a social personality type of a female criminal is used, which includes significant socio-psychological characteristics in the form of stable ways of her behavior when interacting with the surrounding social environment. The social type of a woman is a unity of her individual personality traits with typical characteristics of those social groups in which she is included. The stability of her behavior patterns allows us to identify her types of criminal behavior. Taking this into account, it is noted that in domestic criminology there are various approaches to defining the criteria by which it is appropriate to reveal the features and characteristics inherent in a particular category of female criminals. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the ultra-easy accessibility of information on the Internet devalues information academic activities if its information products are highly consistent with digital arrays, and the information qualities of students will not develop to a greater extent than it does in the process of global digital navigation. Such an understanding dictates the need for a qualitative difference between the university’s educational material and publicly available information and the development of specific ways to optimize it. The purpose of this study is to consider the possibilities of meaningful improvement of the university’s educational program material in the context of the penetration of digital information flows from the global network space into all spheres of life, including academic. The research is based on the analysis of fundamental works and modern publications on the development of digital information culture using methods of information analysis, abstraction and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the problem has been identified and formulated: the development of digital information culture requires not only the forming of competencies in the field of working with digital resources, but also the improvement of the content of educational material as a basic tool for the forming of a student’s intellectual culture. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the educational process of universities in digital conditions has an untapped potential from a meaningful point of view against the background of active technological improvement.

Annotation: The article presents the results of a theoretical review and an empirical study of students’ ambition and desire for power. These phenomena are traditionally considered in personality psychology and social psychology. However, their operationalization and empirical verification are limited and fragmented. The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the expression of power orientation among students with different self-esteem of ambition. The empirical base of the study included 102 students from three universities (aged 18–23). The method “Self- assessment of ambition” (O.V. Barsukova) and test of social and psychological attitudes of the individual in the motivational-need sphere (O.F. Potemkina) were used. The results showed that a majority of students (62.75 %) described themselves as ambitious. The analysis revealed that power motivation is significantly higher among ambitious students compared to their non-ambitious peers, although in both groups it remains within the low range. The novelty of this research lies in correlating self-assessed ambition with the level of power motivation, which provides a clearer understanding of the structure of motivational sphere in young adults at the student age. The research results can be used in practical psychology when developing programs for psychological support of students, and in personnel and management practices.

Annotation: This article analyzes the general principles of sentencing and criminological characteristics of the perpetrator’s personality in relation to such a specific crime as theft from an oil pipeline, an oil product pipeline or a gas pipe- line (paragraph “b” of Part 3 of Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The relevance of this study is determined by the high social danger of these acts and the presence of pronounced problems in law enforcement practice that require scientific understanding. The methodological basis was a systematic analysis of the materials of criminal cases, which made it possible to differentiate criminal attacks into two main groups: theft of oil and petroleum products, and theft of gas. The study showed that, despite the uniform criminal law norm, judicial practice demonstrates a sustainable differentiated approach. It was found that in the vast majority of cases (85 %), actual imprisonment is imposed for the theft of oil and petroleum products, while a suspended sentence is almost always applied for the theft of gas (97 %). Punishments such as fines and forced labor are imposed only in isolated cases (15 % and 2 %, respectively). The article analyzes in detail the typical mitigating and aggravating circumstances, as well as presents a criminological portrait of the perpetrators, which differs significantly for the two groups in motivation, level of organization and socio-demographic indicators. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the private legal framework for regulating the provision of early assistance to “at-risk” children for the development of limited health opportunities, as well as to children with established disabilities. The author pays attention to the norms of family and civil law, as well as the norms of social security law in their private legal aspect, when organizing the process of providing early assistance to children. The study par- ticularly emphasizes the complex nature of early assistance, not only from the perspective of legal regulation by the norms of various branches of law, but also from the perspective of the subject – the recipients of early assistance are not only children with health problems themselves, but also their family members, whose circle is not limited to parents, as well as other legal representatives. A special place in the study is given to the analysis of various aspects in the field of the possibility of using digital and other modern remote technologies in the process of providing early assistance. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes the stages of development of the digital financial assets market. The chronological sequence of development of the digital financial assets market is described, and the regulatory framework regulating the issue and circulation of digital financial assets are considered. The analysis of the digital financial assets market is carried out, within the framework of which the volume and number of issues of digital financial assets in the period from 2022 to 2023 are considered. The forecast for 2024 by volume and number of placements is presented, information system operators are analyzed by volume and number of transactions, leaders are identified, issuers are analyzed by number and volume of issues, market shares of leading issuers by volume of outstanding issues are considered. An example of the practical application of various types of digital financial assets by companies (digital financial assets for the right to demand money, hybrid digital financial assets, digital financial assets as a tool for motivating employees, digital financial assets for a non-interchangeable token, digital financial assets for the market value of an asset, digital financial assets for the market value of an asset with guaranteed income) is considered. The article presents visible prospects for the development of the digital asset market.

Annotation: In the context of the complicated international situation, the comprehensive and multifaceted support of com- patriots living abroad has become particularly important for the Russian Federation. The pro-Russian views are strongest among the patriotic activists of the Cossacks abroad. The article discusses the issues of spiritual, moral and patriotic education of the foreign diaspora of the Russian world. The article reveals the specifics of the forming of spiritual and moral values among Russians living abroad. The features of educational activities that allow us to form traditional spiritual and moral values and national Russian culture among members of the Russian Diaspora are considered. The main educational resources for the forming of spiritual and moral values of Cossacks abroad are identified and described. The historical and cultural features that contribute to the stability of the patriotic worldview of Cossacks abroad are highlighted. The theoretical significance of the conducted research consists in a comprehensive analysis of many factors that positively or negatively affect the main ideological orientations of pro-Russian citizens of the near and far abroad. The practical significance of the research results lies in enriching pedagogical practice with an understanding of the specifics of patriotic education of compatriots living abroad.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of teaching history in the context of digitalization of education. The relevance of the use of multimedia technologies in the educational process is substantiated, especially in the context of a decrease in students’ interest in the humanities and the need to adapt methods to the digital generation. The application of a specific multimedia technology moodboard in historical education is considered. Examples of using moodboard technology for various historical topics are offered, application options and their expediency are analyzed. The given examples of thematic moodboards demonstrate a variety of approaches to visualization of educational material, including working with maps, portraits of historical figures, documents, video clips and audio materials. A pedagogical experiment is presented as an empirical method, during which the level of material assimilation is compared with the traditional approach and using moodboard technology. Using the example of studying topics on the history of the Great Patriotic War, there is an increase in the level of material assimilation, the development of students’ creative thinking, an improvement in the visual perception of historical facts and events, and the involvement of students in the educational process. The importance of observing the principles of consistency and structurality when using this technology is noted. The results obtained can be taken into account when teaching history using moodboard technology in the system of higher and secondary vocational education.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of tax accounting building and reporting in the management system of commercial organizations. Attention is paid to the requirements of modern tax legislation in the field of tax accounting and its combination with accounting information. The article notes that the issues of creating an optimal system of tax ac- counting and reporting for an economic entity are always relevant, also because tax legislation is actively developing in this area. The study provides an analysis of the requirements of modern tax legislation in terms of tax account- ing by types of taxes and fees. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of taxable entities by the identified groups of large, medium and small businesses is presented. Particular attention is paid to the nature of the model for building tax accounting and reporting for the considered groups of enterprises, including taking into account the place of the tax accounting system in the general management system of the organization, the composition of the order on accounting policy for tax purposes. In conclusion, a number of areas for optimizing the applied models of building tax accounting and factors influencing the nature of such a model within a specific economic entity are highlighted.

Annotation: В статье на основе статистических данных ГИАЦ МВД России и Судебного департамента при Верхов- ном Суде Российской Федерации проводится анализ состояния и динамики преступных нарушений тайны переписки, телефонных переговоров, почтовых, телеграфных или иных сообщений в России за последние 10 лет (2015–2024). Отмечено, что преступление по ст. 138 УК РФ не является распространенным в следственно-судебной практике. Определены факторы, способствующие латентности указанных преступлений. Рассмотрены примеры соответствующей следственно-судебной практики. На основе анализа демографических признаков осужденных по ст. 138 УК РФ составлен типичный портрет лич- ности преступника, совершающего преступные деяния как по основному, так и по квалифицированному составу преступления. Определено, что совершение преступления во многом предопределяет попадание лица в криминогенную ситуацию, приведшую к совершению преступления. Также рассматриваются об- стоятельства, способствовавшие совершению преступления с использованием служебного положения. По тексту статьи Российская Федерация сокращенно указывается – РФ.

Annotation: This article examines the current state of the processes of financing, creation and functional purpose of univer- sity campuses in Russia. The author presents data on the availability and dynamics of costs for the creation of infrastructure facilities in new campuses, including the amount of funding for the construction of academic and residential buildings of universities, research laboratories and leisure centers. The article defines the role of budget investments as the highest priority source of financial support for the construction of university campuses in Russia, as a result of which calculations of the effectiveness of investments in educational and specialized infrastructure are presented. The use of the results of the comparative analysis allowed the author of the article to formulate a conclusion about the need to use such a form of financing projects for the creation and operation of campuses as a public-private partnership. Based on studies of the structure of costs, incomes and investments, the article provides a justification for the expediency of financial investments by the state and private investors in projects of Russian student campuses.

Annotation: The article examines the sociocultural, economic, and regulatory factors shaping the Russian alcohol market and key trends in its functioning. The key factors shaping the alcohol market model, where the economic interests of producers and importers, primarily pursuing commercial gains, intersect with changing consumer preferences and the goals of state regulation of the alcohol market are highlighted. The author systematizes the traditional functions of the modern alcohol market in Russia, highlights the legal aspects of state management of the trans- formation of this segment of market relations, and analyzes the dynamics and structure of retail sales, production, circulation, and consumption of alcoholic beverages that are currently developing. Particular attention is paid to the budget component in the cost of alcoholic beverages and its role as a lever of influence on economic and social processes in society. The study demonstrates the need for government intervention in the functioning of the alcohol market, determines the fiscal significance of excise taxation, and outlines the directions and prospects for the further development of state regulation of this important sector of the economy.

Annotation: The article is devoted to researching the potential of generative artificial intelligence models in teaching cal- culus to students in IT degree programs. The relevance of the work is driven by the need to automate teachers’ routine tasks, personalize learning, and reduce cognitive load while maintaining the quality of education. The article outlines a methodology for applying generative models to teaching calculus, which ensures a balance between automation and the development of students’ analytical thinking. A systematization of the areas for us- ing generative artificial intelligence in teaching calculus is provided. A specific case study on the application of generative models in calculus education is considered; a system of prompts was developed and tested in teach- ing practice. An empirical study employing a survey was conducted, involving 69 first-year students majoring in “Fundamental Informatics”. The results showed that the student experience of using generative networks in studying calculus is represented by the following activities: solving problems with step-by-step explanations (67 %), checking their own solutions (62 %), preparing for exams and tests (52 %), explaining theoretical ma- terial (57 %), and generating examples and problems for practice (34 %). Both advantages and challenges of using generative models in education are noted. It is concluded that generative models are advisable for use not only as an auxiliary tool for students but also as a resource for teachers. The results obtained can be used in developing educational technologies for mathematical disciplines and methodological approaches for the correct application of artificial intelligence in learning.

Annotation: In the article, the authors consider the institution of interim measures taken with respect to the property of a person who is not a debtor in a bankruptcy case. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and the practice of its application, the specifics of the procedure and grounds for taking such interim measures are being studied. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the imposition on a person to whom no claims have been filed within the framework of bankruptcy relations, the adverse consequences of making such claims to a debtor-citizen or to a subsidiary debtor in the form of interim measures against the property of such a person should be carried out only at a court hearing to clarify his status as a controlled person and the actual ownership of his property, and an application for the adoption of these interim measures in the framework of a dispute over challenging a bank- ruptcy transaction that is not a debtor’s transaction, or without submitting claims to challenge the transaction to a person, it should be recognized as an abuse of law in the form of circumvention of the law for an unlawful purpose. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: Detention refers to preventive measures, in the election of which the interests of the parties involved in criminal proceedings most acutely clash. Despite its objectively inherent shortcomings, expressed primarily in the restriction of essential human rights, detention continues to be an uncontested measure in the investigation of the most socially dangerous acts. The evidence of the urgency of the problem is repeated (over 40 times!) introduction by the legislator of amendments and additions to the articles of the CPC regulating the grounds for appointment and terms of detention. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation also addressed the clarification of their constitutional and legal meaning. Statistical data from recent years indicate a steady decrease in the number of registered crimes in the country, which has decreased by more than 1 million in 15 years. Contrary to this, in recent years the number of persons detained in pre-trial detention centers and pre-trial detention facilities in the context of the penal enforcement system of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation has been increasing. Moreover, the growth continued, despite the annual decrease in the number of applications granted by the courts for the election of this preventive measure. According to the authors, the main reason for this phenomenon is due to the continued “aggravation” of the crime structure and the resulting tendency to increase the length of detention both to the maximum permissible and beyond it. The authors make extensive use of statistical data in the article, presented on the official websites of various departments, as well as the results of the last two special censuses of convicts and persons in custody, in the analysis of which they were directly involved. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the features of the qualification of thefts committed with the use of violence. The number of such acts continues to grow, which confirms the relevance of the issues under consideration. The subject of the study is the criminal law norms that provide for liability for malicious encroachments on property that involve the use of violence, both dangerous and not dangerous to life or health. The purpose of the study is to propose criteria for distinguishing between robbery and assault, as well as to substantiate proposals for their correct classification. The article provides examples from forensic and investigative practice that illustrate the issues of classifying thefts involving violence. The following methods were used in the study: formal-logical, comparative- legal, as well as analysis, synthesis, and deduction. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author, based on a generalization of judicial practice, has provided clearer suggestions for qualifying the actions that are being frustrated in order to avoid errors in the law enforcement sphere. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to an interdisciplinary topic: the impact of digitalization on students’ cognitive abilities, which is considered through the prism of the phenomenon of “digital dementia”. The relevance of the work is due to a fairly high degree of public concern about the negative consequences of the digitalization of society, as well as a relatively low degree of study of the problem in scientific and educational literature. The objectives of the study were to study and analyze the causes of dependence on the use of digital resources in the learning process, as well as to develop approaches to the effective and reasonable use of technological advances for learning a foreign language at a university. In the course of the study, an educational experiment was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire from students of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as during face- to-face seminars in English. To achieve the goals and objectives of the article, a range of theoretical and empirical methods was used: student survey, observation, as well as generalization and analysis of the empirical data obtained.

Annotation: The article describes an approach to software projecting that complements the canonical ICONIX process with the stages of creating a database schema, developing user interface layouts, dialog box maps, and describing file formats and messages. The changes to the process are proposed taking into account the experience gained during the implementation of a previously created prototype modeling environment that provides instrumental support for the ICONIX process. The main criteria for selecting the models introduced into the process were simplicity of construction and availability of information about their application in industrial development. The use of the proposed process is aimed at improving the quality of the developed specification of software requirements and ensuring its closer connection with the models created during the projecting. The possibility of automating the search for a number of projecting errors is shown. Methods of verification of projecting solutions have been selected from open sources, applicable to models created within the framework of the proposed process, the im- plementation of which is possible without human intervention. A number of new methods for verifying the mutual correspondence of models created by the programmer, specific to the new projecting process, are proposed, and the possibility of automating them is shown. Due to creating and implementing tools in the educational process that support the proposed approach, the teacher workload can be reduced and the quality of students’ academic work improved.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the relevant problem of socio-cultural and psychological adaptation of foreign students entering Russian universities. The importance of adaptation is determined by its stable correlation with further education, its effectiveness. Based on the included observation and generalization of their own pedagogical experience, the authors of the article attempted to analyze the features of the adaptation process, which is an integral component of academic migration, and also described the tools developed for its mitigation. The results of the survey among foreign students based on the author’s questionnaire made it possible to establish the rela- tionship between the level of adaptation and the level of proficiency in the English and Russian languages. The authors of the article come to the conclusion about the demand for English language and the need to popular- ize its usage in the academic environment in the context of intensification of academic mobility processes. The quest game in English developed and tested by the authors is an effective tool for primary integration into a new cultural environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed tools for adaptation of foreign students in various educational institutions.

Annotation: The subject of research in the article is the policy directions of maintaining ecological balance in the European region, including through the mechanism of public-private partnerships. The purpose of the work is to study the status and trends of measures in the European Union (EU) to create a “green” economy. The article examines both measures to decarbonize the European economy and the forms of EU policy in this area, as well as typical examples of public-private partnerships and their role in ensuring the “green transformation” of the European region. The research is based on an integrated approach to the consideration of socio-economic problems of regional develop- ment of the EU, which includes systematic comparative analysis, economic and statistical method. As a result of the research, the structure of the planned decarbonization of the region has been determined, its main goals, objectives and forms have been identified, and the areas of work of public-private partnerships in this area have been char- acterized. The role of the planned innovations in the further socio-economic development of the region is studied.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to characterize de lege lata and de lege ferenda to the subject and objective side of the crime provided for in Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account exist- ing controversial issues. An important feature of the subject of the crime provided for in Part 1 of Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is that the property must be entrusted to the potential subject of the crime in accordance with the established procedure. The article presents cases related to violations of the procedure for entrusting property. Separate problematic issues related to the seizure of property in common shared ownership are considered. The debatable issues concerning the methods of committing a crime under Part 1 of Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The author examines the issue of how to consider the actions of a person who has squandered the entrusted property through negligence. Examples are given when, when committing a crime under Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, an ideal set of crimes can be formed. The correlation of the norms contained in Part 1 of Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is considered. In addition, the author provides suggestions for editorial clarification of Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The study examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the reliability of counterparties. Economic relations are becoming increasingly complex and diverse in the modern world. Companies interact with a large number of suppliers, clients and other partners. In this regard, there is a need to assess the reliability of potential counterparties in order to minimize the risks associated with joint activities. The relevance of this procedure for potential partners is to ensure the economic security of the business. The work provides the author’s definition of the term “unscrupulous” counterparty, and highlights its distinctive features. The scientific article proposes two author’s algorithms for checking counterparties for their reliability: independent and using modern automated system products. As an example of a modern automated system product, the author considers the functional capabilities of the ecosystem for managing the Saby Profile business within the framework of counterparty verification. The author’s conclusions contribute to the systematization of approaches to conducting counterparty verification for their reliability in order to protect against financial risks.

Annotation: The study clarifies the conceptual uncertainty of “smart settlements” (whether cities or villages) by proposing a new economic categorization system for Russia’s sustainable regional development. Despite widespread academic and governmental interest, this area suffers from definitional inconsistencies and unclear public-private responsi- bility distribution. The research develops a five-tier classification system: Internet settlements (basic connectivity), E-platform villages (online commerce communities), Smart agro-settlements (technology-enhanced agriculture), Smart manufacturing settlements (cyber-physical production hubs), and Resource settlements (natural resources and data centres). Each category is analysed through technological requirements, economic potential, and im- plementation challenges using Russian and international examples, particularly from China. Key findings reveal that successful “smart settlements” require diversified economic activities, strong inter-regional connectivity, and careful consideration of geographical factors. The proposed system provides a framework for developing targeted strategies, optimizing resources, and creating sustainable agglomeration economies.

Annotation: The article is devoted to updating the scientific discussion regarding the existence and legal nature of family legal responsibility, as well as its grounds. Taking into account the importance and substantial significance of the scientific assessment of all theoretical and applied aspects of responsibility in family law, the authors conclude that the current state of affairs in legal science clearly indicates the need to adjust both the composition of the principles of family law and the relevant characteristics of the method of family law regulation, including the recognition of an independent place family legal responsibility in the Russian national system of legal protec- tion measures. In addition, as a result of a brief analysis of the legal literature, the authors conclude that there is no unified methodological approach to determining the quantitative and substantive characteristics of the elementary composition of a family offense. The overall result of the reasoning is the conclusion that the sphere of state interests in terms of protecting and strengthening the family, preserving traditional family values, clearly indicates the need for the determining influence of public law mechanisms that ensure the effectiveness of family law regulation, which cannot but affect the specifics of family law responsibility. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the features of the qualification of the use of violence against a government official, since nowadays the number of such acts is increasing, which confirms the relevance of this topic. The subject of the research is the criminal law norm establishing liability for the use of violence against a government representative (Article 318 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The study aims to substantiate proposals for the qualification of the crime under Article 318 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article provides examples from forensic investigative practices regarding the qualification of violence against government repre- sentatives. The following methods were used in the course of the research: formal-logical, comparative-legal, as well as analysis, synthesis, deduction. The novelty of the research lies in the author’s proposals for qualifying the use of violence against a government representative (Article 318 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federa- tion), aimed at preventing errors in law enforcement, particularly in cases of its indirect commission — through the use of information and telecommunication networks. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article presents the key aspects of professional education that meet modern challenges. The evolution of the concept of “professional education” from an applied understanding in the middle of the 20th century to modern compe-tence-oriented approaches is demonstrated. It is noted that professional education goes beyond the process of forming narrow-profile knowledge and competencies and affects the moral, cultural and civic components of a personality, ensuring its adaptation to a socio-cultural and professional environment. The professional ed-ucation of a future engineering teacher is considered as an integrative process combining engineering and pedagogical competencies. The structure of the com-ponents of professional upbringing has been developed, which are linked into a single system, which allows them to be considered as complementary qualities of a professionally educated person. The results of the research can be applied in the development of educational programs for teacher training in engineering and technical universities, in the sys-tem of advanced training and retraining. The developed structure of the compo-nents of professional upbringing can serve as a basis for designing educational work programs, as well as for creating diagnostic tools for assessing the formation of professionally significant qualities in students.

Annotation: The article analyzes the state of the state program for reforming the housing and communal services of the Rus- sian Federation, noting the importance and complexity of problems in one of the significant areas of the country’s socio-economic infrastructure, which directly affects the standard and quality of life of the population. The authors identified the main problems in the housing and communal services that require reform, upd ated the goals and directions of the current state program for reforming the housing and communal services , and analyzed modern forms of private sector participation that allow not only to accelerate the pace of modernization, but also to intro- duce elements of commercial efficiency into the industry. An analysis of the current state of the Russian Federation’s housing and communal services reform program was conducted, and the main systemic problems of the housing and communal services requiring reform were identified: financial, infrastructural, organizational, legal, and social. Addressing these identified issues requires not just targeted adjustments, but a profound systemic transformation. The effectiveness of programmatic measures to reform the housing and communal services in the Russian Federa- tion has been assessed, and positive reform momentum has been noted. The prospects for the development of the state program for housing and communal services reform in the Russian Federation are analyzed, and the a se t of directions for its development, taking into account adaptation to modern economic realities have been proposed.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the subject and the subjective side of ecocide as a war crime. In the vast majority of cases, ecocide is committed during armed conflicts. The main subjective feature of the crime of eco- cide is the intentional form of guilt. Intent can be direct or indirect. Considering certain doctrinal approaches to understanding ecocide, it can be defined as a crime against the safety of mankind, which is expressed in the deliberate infliction of extensive, long-term and serious damage to the natural environment, resulting in a threat to the ecological safety of mankind, violating international obligations to conduct military operations by ac- ceptable means and methods. Ecocide committed during an armed conflict can be defined as a war crime, which consists in the use of means and methods of warfare prohibited by international law, resulting in extensive, long- term and serious damage to the natural environment, creating a threat to the ecological security of mankind. The subject of ecocide can be either general or special. However, taking into account the situation of ecocide (armed conflict), the subject of this crime will be a special one – a serviceman or an official of the armed forces. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the consideration of maps and mapping as a tool for personal development and improving the effectiveness of the educational process. Mapping is considered not only as a method of geographical science, but also as a universal cognitive, creative and interdisciplinary tool applicable in teaching at different levels and in various subject areas. Cartography is considered as a compensator for cognitive deficits of the digital age – a tool that returns students to materialized practices of thinking, spatial perception and creativity. The article expands the pedagogical significance of mapping beyond geography, substantiating its effectiveness in humanitarian, psychologi- cal, artistic and engineering fields. It is shown that working with maps in a variety of ways makes the educational process more attractive and effective. The use of geographical maps and cartographic approaches can help increase motivation in the learning process, aesthetic education, develop spatial thinking and improve concentration.

Annotation: The article presents research on the optimization of small language models for efficient generation of SQL queries in conditions of limited computing resources of educational institutions. The objective of the study is to develop and implement optimization methods aimed at reducing the requirements for computing resources while main- taining high accuracy of SQL query generation. The methodology is based on an integrated approach, including quantization of model parameters, optimization of weight coefficients and adaptation of the dictionary to the subject area. The empirical base includes Spider, CoSQL benchmarks and a specialized DSBInf (Data Solutions Business Intelligence) dataset of 3424 queries. The developed SQL_DS_60M_ft model (a model for generating responses based on a structured query language), based on the CodeS architecture, demonstrates significant improvements: a 33 % reduction in size, a 1.4-fold increase in processing speed and an 18 % decrease in RAM usage while maintaining 65.0 % accuracy. Practical implementation of the model in the educational process showed an increase in learning efficiency by 35–40 % when working with databases and business analytics.

Annotation: The article considers the synergistic effect of the implementation of the sustainable development concept in the process of creating lean management on the basis of multi-industry enterprises in Russia, as well as the role and specificity of popular ESG ratings in the activities of domestic companies. The study raises the problem of the lack of a single legislatively established methodology for rating organizations implementing the principles of sustainable development, as well as the regulatory and legal consolidation of such ranking approaches. The subject of this article is the process of embedding the concept of sustainable development, its tools and ratings in lean management of companies that seek to optimize production in accordance with national projects, improve their financial and non-financial indicators. The results of the work are the analyzed specifics of the forming of popular domestic ESG ratings, the dynamics of the implementation of the national project “Labor Productivity”, the clarification of the concept of “lean management”, and proposed approaches to improving the efficiency of implementing the principles of lean production and sustainable development in the social sphere. Research meth- ods are analysis, comparison, synthesis, induction, systematization. The scientific study was conducted as part of the implementation of the project “A Complex of Podcasts Reflecting the Experience of Domestic Companies in Implementing the ESG Agenda” with the support of a grant from the Moscow Witte University, the results of which were presented on January 27, 2025.

Annotation: The purpose of this study is to investigate public relations related to the guarantee of citizens’ labour rights at their primary place of employment in connection with their participation as voting members of electoral commissions during the preparation and conduct of elections. The subject of the study is the relevant norms of domestic regula- tory legal acts. For this purpose, the current electoral and labor legislation is analyzed, the norms and principles of legal regulation are compared. Based on the results of the study, the main problems of legislation in the subject area and proposals for their elimination are identified. The results of the work can be taken into account for the purpose of improving legislation, as well as in ensuring organizational measures aimed at implementing guarantees of labor rights of members of election commissions. Implementation of guarantees of labor rights of members of election commissions is associated with ensuring a balance of public-legal and economic interests, which involves a deep analysis of trends and continuous improvement of legislative regulation and the law enforcement process. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes the principle of humanism in the framework of criminal law. The main objective of the work is to establish the importance of a humanistic approach in improving the effectiveness of the struggle against crime, considered as a more general concept than just a branch principle of law. In the context of a rule-of-law state, humanism should not be perceived solely as a tool for achieving a set goal. Putting the individual and his rights at the forefront, humanism is an independent and self-sufficient goal of social development. Modern society strives for humanity, but in criminal law this does not mean the weakness of the state or the forgive- ness of criminals. The humanistic approach of law enforcement agencies rather eliminates any violence and strengthens the legitimacy of State coercion in the struggle against crime. For a deep scientific understanding of the relationship between crime and criminal law, a philosophical understanding of the nature of humanism and its impact on this branch of law is necessary. This will reveal the relationship between crime rates and the processes of criminalization, penalization, as well as the features of criminal policy that can influence the causes of illegal behavior, strengthening or weakening their effect. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The relevance of the scientific article topic lies in the need to comply with international standards for the pro- tection of children’s rights, especially in the context of interrogation of minors. It should be emphasized that the rights of the child are also protected by the state, which is enshrined in Part 1 of Article 38 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation2. The article analyzes the specifics of interrogating minors in Russia and Israel, its tactical methods and ethical aspects. A comparative analysis of legal regulation and practical approaches in both countries is conducted. Particular attention is paid to the personal experience of one of the authors as an investigator working with minors in Israel, which allows for a more accurate understanding of the features of the Israeli interrogation system and its differences from the Russian one. The authors substantiate the need to make changes and additions to the criminal procedure legislation of Russia and Israel.

Annotation: The article proposes an innovative “three-contour model” of planning for sustainable development (SD) of Russian regions, integrating the adapted Chinese experience of spatial and functional zoning (PLE approach) and based on a system combination: a strategic goal-setting contour (mandatory ESG indicators, differentiated scenarios for risk zones), a contour of technological solutions (“innovative supermarkets” for testing SD solu- tions, small nuclear power plants for energy-efficient infrastructure) and data management circuits (AI-mediated “digital twins” of regions, blockchain registers of ESG reporting). The article analyzes the controversial as- pects of implementing the model, taking into account the territorial specifics, as well as the institutional risks in the context of Russian socio-economic realities. The conclusion is substantiated that the key innovation of the model is to ensure the synergy of spatial analysis of the dynamics of PLE spaces, advanced technological tools and adaptive management mechanisms, which forms the basis for the transition from declarative strategies to a geographically oriented SD and the creation of an objective multi-level assessment index. A structured list of arguments for practical implementation has been proposed: positive aspects are technological leap in monitor- ing and forecasting, and increased management adaptability; while negative ones are institutional inertia, high initial investments, and a shortage of qualified personnel to work with AI and blockchain technologies.

Annotation: Criminal and legal assessment of instigators who induce other co-conspirators of a socially dangerous act to commit a crime under Article 214 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation often causes difficulties for law enforce- ment subjects. For this reason in the activities of law enforcement agencies there are errors in the form of insufficient or incorrect qualification of unlawful acts. Based on the study of 155 criminal cases, the authors have identified the main methods of incitement: bribery (57% of cases), persuasion (39%), as well as rare cases of blackmail, deceit and offers (4%). The authors pay special attention to the ways in which property owners or representatives of legal entities use incitement to obtain insurance payments, as well as the involvement of minors in the commission of vandalism. Judicial and law enforcement practice, as well as scientific literature containing the rules of qualification of crimes in the presence of an instigator are analyzed. The result of the conducted research is the proposals on application of the provisions of the current criminal law. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The progressive generation of anthropogenic wastes that degrade the biological viability of the carriers of the phenomenon of life is postulated. It is noted that the current level of waste recycling is 2 times lower than the threshold of sustainability with a progressive downward trend. The catastrophic situation with the disposal of the progressive volume of anthropogenic waste and attempts to resolve it indicate the failure of institutional functionalism. Therefore, the task is reduced to the management of the utilization of anthropogenic waste in socio-economic systems as carriers of institutional functionalism. In order to solve the problem, anthropogenic waste is defined as multicomponent, heterogeneous and anisotropic systems with physicochemical and biologi- cal chaos. The trend of transition of anthropogenic waste structures to the nanoscale level is revealed, which devalues the efforts to sel ect them. It is shown that the deposition and heat treatment of waste is another “multibillion dead end”, aggravated by the fundamental lack of scientifically substantiated permissible burdens on the phenomenon of life as a whole. Therefore, waste recycling is defined as a criterion for the resistance of the phenomenon of life to endogenous and exogenous disturbances. Recycling is implemented in the “Shapovalov model of nanodestruction”, which was awarded an international award back in 2009: “destruction of waste matter into nano-sized particles and the forming of a marketable product fr om it”. Waste recycling by nanode- struction forms a fundamentally new nature of social self-organization based on closed circulation of matter. Negative feedback is generated, compensating for the growth of waste by the growth of resource potential. The basis for the creation of highly efficient both production facilities and individual devices for recycling waste by nanodestruction is revealed. The tectonic democracy of equality of all in the eye of natural truths formed the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to waste recycling management in socio-economic systems by the circulation of matter. The proposed scientific and methodological approach initiates the resolution of the progressive degradation of the biological consistency of the phenomenon of life at the state level.

Annotation: The subject of this study is the specifics of the tenant’s realization of his pre-emptive right to conclude a lease agreement for a new term. The author examines the issues of the relationship between civil legislation on lease and legislation on the protection of competition (competition law). The author proposes to consider five special aspects of the implementation of the pre-emptive right by the tenant of public property from the point of view of clarification and interpretation of the provisions contained in the legislation. The article emphasizes that the specifics of provid- ing publicly owned property to a private law entity under lease terms are determined by the very purposes of using public property, expressed in the need to coordinate (harmonize) state and public interests of public and private principles. The main method for preparing the article was the method of system analysis, the application of which was facilitated by the techniques of formal logic and generalization of legal practice. Based on the results of the study, the author proposes possible changes to the civil legislation aimed at protecting the interests of the tenant in connection with the implementation of his pre-emptive right to conclude a lease agreement with him for a new term. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the problem of the influence of the native language and culture on the acquisition of a foreign language. Attention is focused on the cognitive aspects of interference in the development of academic discourse in English. The causes and conditions of interference are analyzed, including differences in cognitive and communica- tion strategies adopted by native speakers and the studied languages. The main factors influencing the interference process are considered, including differences in language structures, cultural norms, and academic traditions. Linguistic and cultural interference is also considered as a metalinguistic phenomenon that affects the process of mastering English for academic purposes at advanced stages of language learning. Based on the results of the analysis of students’ written works, a detailed classifier of typical interference errors of Russian-English bilinguals in academic discourse is provided. A comprehensive methodological system for overcoming linguistic and cultural interference is proposed, integrated into the disciplines of learning English for academic purposes, a written com- munication workshop, grammar, translation, and project activities. The research is valuable for English language teachers, methodologists and specialists in the field of linguistics, linguodidactics and intercultural communication.

Annotation: The article examines laser scanning technologies as a tool for information modeling of spatial objects. The scan results are considered as an information model of a certain type. Three main information models are considered using the example of laser scanning for examining transport routes: a point cloud model, a three-dimensional model of object points, and a digital image as an information model on a plane. Laser scanning is associated with the processing of a large amount of data, which necessitates the processing of spatial objects in parts. It is shown that information collection technologies based on point-by-point information collection lose their con- nections between the parts of the object. The same problem occurs when processing spatial objects in parts. In order to restore connections in object models, a comprehensive technique is proposed for interfacing informa- tion models obtained by laser scanning of an object. The developed approach to the transformation of a large amount of data based on information modeling provides a holistic representation of a spatial object with high accuracy. In order to improve the visual perception of the model, color coding of points based on photography and thematic mapping is proposed. The article presents the stages of information modeling using mobile laser scanning using the example of a specific section of the Bulgarian highway (Troyan – Karnare pass) with high- quality measurements. The results of the study can be useful to specialists in the field of monitoring transport infrastructures, transport construction, geodesy, big data processing, and road safety.

Annotation: The purpose of this study is to create a system of meaningfully different levels of development of digital personality traits in the modern world. The article presents the levels of digital personality traits that are subject to formation and development by means of the pedagogical process. The levels are differentiated and their substantive criteria are substantiated along with the signs corresponding to the levels as specific manifestations. It is shown that each level corresponds to a certain formed cultural and didactic unit that ensures effective human activity in the digital world. A system of criteria for the development of digital information culture and their main features in relation to the disclosed levels is presented in the form of a summary table. It is concluded that information culture at this stage acquires not only systemic, but also conceptual features of an individual’s information worldview, representing his stable life position and identity. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the criteria for assessing these levels and the main signs of their manifestation are revealed in a meaningful context. As a result, the author concludes that a qualitative assessment has not only diagnostic, but also theoretical benefits, since it allows us to correlate the difference between the “final” qualities that are the subject of professional and pedagogical discourse.

Annotation: The article analyzes the content of the legal principle nemo judex in propria causa within the framework of the domestic legal system. The variety of formulations of this principle is analyzed, as well as its legal nature in the context of the correlation of legal principles and legal axioms. The procedural and legal norms in which this principle finds its expression are considered in detail. Judicial practice regarding the application of this prin- ciple in the consideration of civil and administrative cases by courts is being studied. The conclusion is drawn about the extended interpretation of the nemo judex in propria causa principle in the domestic legal system in terms of its application not only in relation to courts, but also in the framework of the activities of other subjects of legal relations considering legal cases or performing other legally significant functions. It is concluded that the principles of independence and competitiveness do not coincide with this principle. At the same time, it is proposed to disclose in the procedural rules the principle of impartiality, a special case of which is the principle of nemo judex in propria causa. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article is devoted to a rather interesting and understudied area of criminal procedure science, precisely, the methodology of drafting criminal procedure acts. In this work, the author substantiates the relevance of the issues under consideration and analyzes the main concepts of “methodology,” “technique,” and “method.” The author compares and relates these concepts in relation to criminal procedure activities. The author’s goal is to explore the possibility of applying methodology in the drafting of criminal procedure acts and to define its essence. The work was carried out using the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, logical-legal and legal interpretation. As a result of the conducted research, the work substantiates the theoretical and practical significance of conducting research on issues related to criminal procedure acts and the methodology of their compilation; it develops a definition of the concept of “methodology” and its relationship with the terms “method” and “technique”. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the sustainability of natural phenomena, which determines the consistency of the perception of reality. An adequate example of research is the multidimensional and multiparametric socio-economic biosystem (SEB) as a carrier of the phenomenon of life. There is a rapid accumulation of information about all aspects of the multidi- mensional space of the SEB by digitalization. Based on this, the multidimensional space is mathematically formalized by the vector feature space. From this, the geometry of the multidimensional information space of the SEB is formed, which makes it possible to simulate both direct and inverse problems of analysis. The formalization of the geometry of the SEB multidimensional information space is regulated by 3 functionals that reflect socio-political, economic and biological (including medical) aspects in the form of geometric images. Projection of geometric images into spaces of lower dimensions makes it possible to interpolate and/or approximate numerical arrays of images of SEB functionals into an analytical form. The obtained analytical representation of SEB images provides an opportunity for traditional studies of their properties. In the 2-dimensional view (plane), the SEB is represented by canonical polynomials of various degrees. It is shown that the necessary and sufficient condition for the global stability of canonical polynomials is determined according to Hurwitz. It is noted that reducing the number of checks of determinant inequalities is possible by means of the Liénard – Chipart criterion and some other methods. An assessment of the global stability of the natural phenomenon of SEB according to Hurwitz is carried out. The results obtained reveal the potential of anthropogenic manageability (adaptation) of the SEB. The immanent modeling of reality using multidimensional information arrays extends the mathematical task of evaluating polynomial stability to the stability of a set.

Annotation: The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of the status of insolvency practitioners in the United Kingdom. In particular, it examines such aspects of the topic as the procedure for obtaining the status of an insolvency practitioner and the requirements imposed on persons vested with this status; the role of professional associations responsible for licensing and certifying insolvency practitioners; and the remuneration of persons con- ducting insolvency proceedings. It is noted in the legal literature that “the regulation of insolvency and liability for illegal actions related to bankruptcy has been developing in England for several centuries.”2 The modern stage of the development of insolvency legislation, however, began with the adoption of the Joint Stock Companies Act (1844) and the Joint Stock Companies Winding-Up Act (1844). Thus, the United Kingdom has gone through a significant process of improving the legal framework of insolvency, which makes its study relevant, including for the purpose of borrowing best practices. The methodological basis of the study consists of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the specific scientific method of comparative legal analysis. The conclusion provides a number of findings that may be relevant for optimizing the legal regulation of insolvency in the Russian Federation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article presents a comparative analysis of the global payment system SWIFT and China’s CIPS system, designed for cross-border yuan settlements. The authors examine the historical development, functional capa- bilities, and current status of both systems. Particular attention is given to SWIFT’s advantages (global reach, universality) and its vulnerabilities (dollar dependence, political risks). The study provides a detailed analysis of CIPS’ objectives: reducing reliance on Western financial systems, promoting the yuan as an international currency, and safeguarding against sanctions. The technological features of the Chinese payment system are investigated, including its integrated clearing and settlement functions, adoption of the ISO 20022 standard, and potential integration with the digital yuan. The authors evaluate CIPS’ current limitations (narrow currency focus, smaller participant network) and its development prospects. The conclusion suggests a probable scenario of parallel coexistence, where CIPS will carve out a niche in yuan-denominated and alternative transactions without fully replacing SWIFT in the foreseeable future

Annotation: The article describes the key aspects of the secure storage of organizational data in the modern world. The most common threats such as social engineering, configuration vulnerabilities, and insider attacks are discussed. The analysis of existing approaches to secure data storage in terms of software and hardware and their functional interaction in the information security system is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, a prototype application was built using existing approaches and minimal risk of data leakage. Practical recommendations on choosing key ways to securely store data are presented. A methodology for projecting a secure environment based on a comprehensive review of technical, organizational and regulatory aspects is proposed. The novelty of the result obtained lies in the forming of a new multi-layered approach to data protection, including a single standard for the interaction of services. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of direct application of the proposed methods within industrial systems, which will increase the level of security and reliability of confidential information processing.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the development of telemedicine in the BRICS countries, which account for more than 40% of the world’s population. Significant scientific and practical interest is associated with the global growth of digitalization of healthcare, with the proven effectiveness of remote medical care. Different socio-economic challenges, a variety of regulatory approaches, various technological innovations, the political significance and potential of international cooperation between the BRICS countries make it possible to identify the best medical practices and adapt them to the system. In international cooperation on healthcare develop- ment, BRICS acts as a platform for data exchange and joint projects, making it possible to reduce dependence on Western technologies. The article presents the main achievements, limitations, and prospects for using telemedicine consultations in five key BRICS countries. The study of telemedicine in the BRICS countries is relevant not only for these countries, but also for the entire community, as it allows comparing the effectiveness of different models in similar socio-economic conditions, identifies universal solutions for emerging markets, and promotes the sustainable development of medicine.

Annotation: The article provides a comparative analysis of the investment policies of the Russian Federation and a number of countries with significant experience in countering the sanctions regime in order to identify the key principles and mechanisms for successful adaptation of national economies to external restrictions. The cases of Iran, China, Myanmar, Venezuela and Russia are examined. It has been established that the key factors in economic sustainability under sanctions are geographical diversification of foreign economic relations, liberalization of economic policy to attract foreign investment, and balanced use of raw material exports. The analyzed success- ful strategies of the countries showed that their key elements were long-term planning, development of domestic production capacities and establishment of multilateral international partnerships. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of state policy to counter sanctions pressure, in particular, in the forming of a strategy for foreign economic activity, improvement of the investment climate, and determination of technological policy.

Annotation: This study is aimed at a comprehensive review of the security problem of the Domain Name System (DNS) in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), where limited computing resources of devices are combined with high requirements for reliability and fault tolerance. A comparative analysis of specialized DNS protection protocols is presented, including DNSSEC, DoH, DoT, DoQ, as well as lightweight solutions such as DoC and mDNS, applicable under resource-limited conditions. The protocols were tested both in a virtualized environ- ment and on a microcontroller, enabling an assessment of their efficiency across different infrastructure levels. A scientific and methodological approach to the analysis of DNS protection protocols within the framework of the industrial Internet of Things is proposed, including the following procedures: the forming of a classification of cyberattacks on DNS in an industrial environment; the introduction of a semi-quantitative risk assessment model adapted to conditions of limited computing power; the comparison of traditional and lightweight protocols based on practical experiments. The investigation results can be applied to the selection of DNS security protocols in industrial systems, as well as in educational and methodological contexts.

Annotation: The article discusses the key issues of the integration of artificial intelligence in the practice of expert activity in judicial proceedings. At the same time, the problem of the “black box” – the opacity of algorithms, which prevents a full legal assessment of the results – is highlighted. The complexity of the explainability of deep neural network solutions and their incompatibility with the requirements of procedural law, which provides for the verifiability and reproducibility of expert opinions, is analyzed. The authors discuss modern methods for increasing the transparency of artificial intelligence, as well as multi-level expert verification with mandatory documentation of procedures. The need for interaction between developers, experts and lawyers to create legally acceptable and scientifically sound systems is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the role of an expert in the context of digitalization. The risk of replacing an expert with algorithmic solutions and the associated decrease in the quality of judicial conclusions and loss of professional autonomy is considered. In general, the authors note that the successful implementation of artificial intelligence in judicial practice requires a balance between technological innovations and maintaining the key role of an expert, as well as the forming of a comprehensive regulatory framework that ensures transparency, legality and quality of expert opinions. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: Control and supervisory activities as a type of procedural activity consist of various kinds of procedures, each of which is determined by deadlines that are important. The time limits within which the participants in the control and supervisory proceedings perform procedural actions streamline the control and supervisory activities, en- suring the openness, clarity and predictability of the control process. The presented article examines the issues of determining deadlines and their direct compliance by participants in control and supervisory proceedings. It was concluded that control and supervisory activities are carried out within the time limits established by the Law on State Control, as well as other legal acts. If deadlines are not set, they are appointed by the control (supervisory) body, taking into account the assessment of the risk of possible harm to legally protected values and the principle of efficiency, which sets the speed and intensity of the control process to achieve the best result of activities carried out by public authorities. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In order to determine the relevance of the study, the following factors were identified: global digitalization and digital transformation of education, the changing role of teachers in the digital educational environment, the need to improve the quality and effectiveness of education, the need to develop digital literacy of students, adaptation to rapidly changing technologies. In this regard, it becomes clear that it is no longer enough just to possess digital tools, it is necessary to have certain competencies that contribute to the effective integration of digital technologies into the educational process, taking into account didactic principles. The author substanti- ates the importance of the forming of the digital didactic culture of teachers as a synthesis of didactic culture and digital culture. To understand the concept of “digital didactic culture”, which is new to pedagogical science, 44 publications on the problems of the forming of didactic culture among teachers were analyzed, which made it possible to identify the main aspects of studying this concept, and the key characteristics of the concept of “digital culture” were identified. A comparative analysis of the three terms “digital didactic culture”, “didactic culture” and “digital culture” allowed us to create a methodological basis for the forming of digital didactic culture, which is based on scientific and theoretical approaches, takes into account the basic principles of clas- sical didactics and defines the conditions for the successful forming of digital didactic culture among teachers.

Annotation: The legal regulation of property rights and its interpretation in judicial practice currently indicate a revision of the institution of property law. When various economic interests collide, the problem of defining the boundaries of the right of ownership arises, and, thus, it determines the relevance of the study. The problems of determin- ing the rights of the owner in the case of seizure of land plots and in the event of foreclosure on the share of the spouse in the common property of the spouses show a tendency to reduce its property sphere. In order to prevent erroneous interpretation of the inviolability of the right of ownership, it is necessary to provide a theoretical justification for the priority of more significant interests when determining the scope of the owner’s property sphere. It is necessary to limit the seizure of garden and vegetable plots of land owned by citizens, and to simplify the procedure for reimbursing the cost of a land plot to the former owner in the event of its seizure. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: Marital relations have a special place in all legal systems because they are directly related to other sections of civil law: inheritance, property and obligations. In Islam, the doctrine of faith is a fundamental part of Muslim law (Sharia), and starting a family and raising children is considered a sacred duty of the faithful, established by Allah. According to Muslim law, the wife’s legal capacity to terminate a marriage is significantly lower than that of her husband, and her legal capacity is limited to three ways of breaking up family relations, in which she can either initiate the procedure for breaking up a marriage or support the initiative taken by her husband. The article considers one of the ways to terminate a marriage in the Muslim legal system, the specificity of which is a woman’s right to initiative in the divorce process. The necessary conditions for the release of a wife from her husband’s power by committing khul’, the order and procedure of the parties’ actions and their consequences are analyzed. The sources of Muslim law regulating the agreement of the parties on the termination of marriage contractual relations are given. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article outlines the experience of developing and implementing an adaptive digital course on the example of the discipline “Business English” for master’s students at a technical university in a blended learning for- mat. The research is driven by the limited class-hour load, the heterogeneity of students’ language proficiency levels, and the decreasing motivation among master’s students in technical fields to learn a foreign language. A structured model of the course was developed on the Moodle platform using the interactive tools of H5P. Testing of the course on a pilot group of master’s students revealed an increase in engagement, greater independence among learners, and a significant improvement in final test results among students who actively interacted with the digital content. The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model in compensating for the lack of classroom time, improving the quality of language training, and developing business communication competencies that meet the requirements of the educational program. The presented experience can serve as a methodological foundation for the development of similar digital courses in engineering universities and contributes to the advancement of theoretical and practical approaches to the digitalization of language education in higher education.

Annotation: The disappearance of the Aral Sea is a consequence of inefficient water management, as well as climate change, which creates new challenges for the region and leads to serious problems in the use of water resources. How- ever, international experience shows that despite the successful application of the paid water use mechanism, irrigated agriculture still requires significant government subsidies. Because the volume of necessary invest- ments in many regions is much higher than the financial capabilities of farmers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of managing the agricultural water supply system in the Central Asian region and identify ways to increase the sustainability of irrigation infrastructure. The study applied economic, statistical, factor and comparative analysis methods, as well as methods of generalizing conclusions, aimed at studying the eco- nomic, social and environmental aspects of water management and irrigated agriculture. A descriptive analysis of the state of water management in the region was carried out, the effectiveness of mechanisms for managing transboundary water resources and attracting investments was considered. As a result, the study showed that the current state of irrigated agriculture has led to a significant decrease in the volume of water entering the Aral Sea, a decrease in the area of agricultural land due to soil salinity, as well as depletion of water resources. The main beneficiaries of investments in irrigation systems are state bodies of the water and agricultural industries, as well as farming and peasant farms. It is necessary to attract investment, as well as measures to support farms that will ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The introduction of PPP mechanisms will ensure the long-term development of irrigation infrastructure and the rational use of water resources.

Annotation: This article examines the political economy of the global energy transition, identifying new groups of winners and losers. It analyzes the transformation of the concept of energy security, the geopolitical role of critical miner- als, and the socioeconomic consequences of the transition at the regional level. It is revealed that the transition is generating not only technological and environmental changes, but also profound structural changes in the distribution of resources, wealth, and power, creating new lines of geoeconomic cleavage and social inequality. The battle for leadership in the new energy sector is a battle to attract “green” capital and technologies, not just for market share in oil and gas. A large-scale capital shift toward sustainable (“green”) investments is gradu- ally taking place. Companies and countries that dominate the value chains for renewable energy technologies, batteries, and digital networks are gaining a strategic advantage. The conclusion is drawn that for traditional energy powers (including Russia), a concept based solely on the possession of fossil fuel reserves is becoming strategically untenable.

Annotation: The aim of the work is to study the organizational and legal support of Russia’s demographic security in the con- text of modern existential threats, to develop proposals for improving legislation in this area, as well as a general legal assessment of the prospects for their further implementation. The concept and essence of demographic security are revealed in the context of the execution of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05.07.2024 № 309 «On the national Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036». The political and legal approach to the importance of family and marriage institutions is substantiated. The assessment of the legal correctness and socio-economic feasibility of legal regulators of migration policy in Russia is given, taking into account the new Federal Law № 138-FZ dated 04.28.2023 «On Citizenship of the Russian Federation». Proposals have been developed to improve legal regulation in the field of population maintenance in accordance with Russian national interests. Methodology: general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematic and sociological analysis, comparative analytics) and methods of legal science, including comparative law and formal law, content analysis of legislative acts and court decisions, the method of adaptive forecasting in terms of the effectiveness of law enforcement. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The presented article is devoted to the investigation of iatrogenic crimes (crimes caused by medical errors in the provision of medical care). The relevance of the stated topic is dictated by acute social sensitivity to medi- cal violations, the importance of the object of encroachment (human life and health), as well as the continuing difficulties in proving criminal cases in this category. The novelty of the author’s approach to the problem is not the proposal of theoretical recommendations, “how to investigate” criminal cases of the analyzed category, but the analysis of violations, on the basis of which specific application rules are formulated, “how NOT to” conduct an investigation. The aspect related to conducting commission forensic medical examinations of the quality of medical care provided is considered in detail. Typical violations of investigators in evaluating expert opinions have been identified. It has been revealed that these evidences are not always reasonably given priority. The judicial practice of the courts passing acquittals against medical workers in connection with the incompleteness or incorrect assessment of expert opinions is analyzed. Typical violations of investigators in assessing the expert opinions received have been identified. It has been re- vealed that these evidences are not always reasonably given priority. The article analyzes the judicial practice of courts passing acquittals against medical workers due to incomplete or incorrect assessment of expert opinions. This work can be used both in the investigative and judicial practice of investigation and consideration of criminal cases of iatrogenic crimes, and for the development of further theoretical provisions on the issue under study. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the theoretical conceptualization of data as a commodity. A comprehensive view of data is proposed: as a resource, a product, and a commodity. Special attention is paid to the economic nature of the data, identifying the essential characteristics of their usefulness and value. The author’s approach to data classification is proposed. The trend of data market forming is noted due to the spread of the view of data as a commodity. The main categories of consumers who are willing to pay for the data have been identified. The issue of Data Mining as a tool for processing data was raised. The role of Raw Data in creating data as a commodity with the highest value and usefulness for the con-sumer is emphasized. A debatable question about the attribu- tion of personal data to a product is presented. The statistical assessment of Russians’ willingness to share their personal data is analyzed. The main goals of companies in the use of data are studied. The desire of companies to integrate access to data from various sources in order to obtain different information for their activities is noted.

Annotation: The level of requirements for information processing is continuously increasing and therefore, the methods of its processing are also changing. Widely used structural modeling methods are object-topological, which limits their application to spatial objects. The article examines the problems of constructing structures in the information field. The information field is formed as a reflection of objects and processes of reality in the form of informa- tion images. The article proposes an integrative approach that uses the properties of the information field in combination with aggregative and stratification approaches. The integrative approach is based on the principle of forming aggregates or information layers. Each information layer is an aggregate that contains categorically and qualitatively similar information images. The structural scheme is formed on the basis of the composition of information layers. The integrative approach ensures comparability of schemes for different objects and patterns within the information field. The proposed approach can be considered as a variant of qualitative and quantita- tive analysis of the modeled objects. The proposed integrative approach makes it possible to solve the problems of clear and fuzzy structure construction, for example, the construction of clear and fuzzy cognitive maps.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the importance of determining and comparing certain properties of law enforcement acts issued by the courts that ensure achieving the goals of civil proceedings. Unmotivated and unfounded court ruling cannot be considered an act of justice, as it lacks certain motives that justify the conclusions of the court set out in the reasoning part. The purpose of the study is to investigate the essence, procedural significance of motivation and validity of court rulings, as well as a comparative analysis of these properties. The author uses methods of scientific cognition of a general nature (logical and system analysis, synthesis), private legal methods of cognition (legal-technical, comparative). As a result, it is concluded that a judicial act in a civil case should not be unmotivated and (or) unfounded, taking into account that these proper- ties equally ensure the procedural legal effect of a court decision, defining it as a judicial act and influencing its legal force, determined by other properties such as commitment, immutability, irrefutability, exclusivity, prejudice, enforceability. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of trade financing in Zambia, as well as an exploration of the opportunities for deepening Russian-Zambian cooperation. Special attention is paid to the access of small and medium-sized enterprises to financial instruments, institutional and infrastructure barriers, and the existing gap between supply and demand in the trade financing market. The role of digital technologies is considered, including the introduction of blockchain platforms and mobile ap- plications, as well as the impact of regulatory reforms aimed at reducing security requirements and simplifying procedures. The second part of the article focuses on the historical basis of trade and economic relations between Russia and Zambia and identifies key areas for their further development, including agriculture, energy, min- ing, and education. It is noted that the strategic partnership can contribute to the diversification of the Zambian economy, reduce dependence on copper exports and create new growth points. Additionally, the importance of educational and personnel initiatives that provide training for joint projects is emphasized. It is concluded that there is a need for institutional strengthening, the development of modern trade support mechanisms and the implementation of strategic joint projects.

Annotation: This article is devoted to defining the characteristics of the category “public order”, reflecting its substantive potential. Defining “public order” is a complex cognitive process, driven by the polysemantic nature and het- erogeneity of the subject, requiring a comprehensive study of this legal phenomenon. Doctrinal provisions on public order in legal science demonstrate the ambiguity and contextuality of this cat- egory, as well as the lack of a unified approach to understanding it. This necessitates further critical reflection on its legal validity and the author’s proposed definition of “public order”. Modern jurisprudence is inconceivable without seeking ways to modernize current legislation and regulatory processes that meet real-time demands and promote the effective development of the state and society. Furthermore, the relevance of this study is driven by the rise in crimes against public order and public safety, their increased harmfulness, which is largely determined by the unstable geopolitical state of individual states and the global community as a whole. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of a new type of ontology “information spatial ontology”. The article intro- duces the concept of “information ontology” and substantiates the concept of “information spatial ontology” as a kind of epistemic ontology. The ontological transformation is highlighted as a class of procedures for the transformation of information into knowledge. The role of electronic maps as visual models of knowledge (and not just data) is substantiated. The article shows that obtaining an information ontology is possible on the basis of information morphism, ontological information search and semantic correspondence. A generalization is made that all procedures for obtaining ontologies can be called an ontological transformation. In terms of set theory, a conceptual model of the forming of spatial information ontology using spatial information is presented, which defines the principles of building an ontology based on logical consistency. The results obtained expand the methodological foundations of ontological modeling and the scope of application of information spatial ontology in research related to the analysis of complex spatial systems and digital control.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of task selection and distribution among executors in the context of software pro- jects using Scrum methodology. The solution to this problem is proposed by reducing it to the problem of multiple knapsacks and solving it using population algorithms, in particular, the ensemble of genetic algorithm and bacte- rial chemotaxis algorithm. The article presents a model for calculating the priority of a task and its execution time for a particular performer. Classes of input data are described. The main stages of the algorithms and the values of their tuning parameters are explained. A metric for evaluating the quality of the results of the proposed method has been developed. The set of algorithms parameters, at which the quality index will be high for most classes of input data, is defined. The comparison of the operating time of the software implementation of the algorithms and their combinations, as well as the quality of the obtained calculation results, is given. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the ensemble algorithms to the selected classes of input data. The results of the study show the effectiveness of using the developed method for distributing work in comparison with its individual algorithms.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of corporate volunteering in Russia as a significant element of corporate social responsibility. The author analyzes the practical experience of leading Russian companies such as Sberbank, Gazprom and Yandex, highlighting the key areas of their volunteer activities: environmental initiatives, support for social projects, educational programs and assistance in emergency situations. Particular attention is paid to regional practices demonstrating the transformation of social infrastructure due to corporate participation. Modern trends, including the digitalization of volunteering, flexible forms of participation and the growth of environmental responsibility are considered in the work. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed for the development of corporate volunteering, such as the introduction of non-material motivation mechanisms, educational programs for volunteers, ensuring transparency of reporting and taking into account local needs. The study is based on sociological surveys, company cases and analysis of the regulatory framework. The results are valuable for HR specialists, business leaders, representatives of NPOs and government agencies interested in the development of social partnership and sustainable business development.

Annotation: This article is devoted to the study of the problem of abuse of the right to appeal the verdict by defense counsel and defendants. Despite the fact that this constitutional right is designed to protect the legitimate interests of the parties, it is often used as a tool to resolve private issues, which not only contradicts the main objectives of criminal proceedings, specified in Article 6 of the Criminal Procedural Code (hereinafter — CPC) of Russian Federation, but also violates the rights and legitimate interests of other participants in criminal proceedings. The main obstacle to combating such abuses is the formal compliance of the content of appeals with the norms of the CPC of Russian Federation. The actions of unscrupulous appellants entail a number of negative consequences, which should include an increase in the workload of appellate bodies, violation of the principle of reasonable time of criminal proceedings, evasion of defendants from criminal responsibility as a result of the expiration of the statute of limitations. The article cites examples from law enforcement practice that contradict the applicants’ desire for justice, correction of judicial errors or restoration of their violated rights. The authors of the article conclude that it is necessary to improve Article 389.6 of the CPC of Russian Federation by clarifying the criteria for admissibility of appellate complaints (submissions). In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is determined by significant educational losses, largely related to the process of digitali- zation, which inevitably entails significant technocratization, bureaucratization, formalization and alienation of the content of both secondary and higher education in Russia from those who acquire it. The object of the research is the teaching of a general philosophy course to students of higher educational institutions of non-philosophical areas and training profiles in modern educational conditions. The subject of the research is the study and teaching in the general philosophy course of the main ideas of the two most important historical and philosophical figures who set the timeless basic content of such a form of spiritual culture of mankind as philosophy – Socrates and Plato. The purpose of the work is a pedagogical demonstration that, depending on the specifics of teaching phi- losophy, it can be made both repulsive and attracting the cognitive interest of the student audience. The research methods are deductive and inductive conclusions, analogical conclusions, idealization, abstraction, pedagogical observation and empirical generalization, comparative analysis and thought experiment. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the substantiation of a kind of “pedagogical theorem” that a simple, clear and re- alistic presentation of any material greatly increases the level of educational interest of the student audience and the degree of learning effectiveness. The application area of the research results is ideological heuristics, philo- sophical enlightenment, teaching philosophy and other social and humanitarian disciplines in higher education.

Annotation: This article examines Russia’s role in BRICS economic cooperation through institutional and real-sector channels during 2015–2025. Using content analysis of strategic documents alongside statistical examination of financial and trade indicators, the study evaluates Russia’s engagement with the New Development Bank and Contingent Reserve Arrangement, as well as bilateral trade dynamics with BRICS partners. Russia holds 20 % NDB equity with USD 4,7–5 billion in approved projects, though operations were suspended in 2022. Within the CRA, Rus- sia contributes USD 18 billion but the mechanism remains unused. Comparative analysis of BRICS strategic documents (2016–2024) and Russian policy frameworks confirms alignment on multipolar financial architecture, infrastructure development, digital economy integration, and alternative settlement systems. However, structural asymmetries particularly Russia’s growing dependence on China for trade and logistics constrain deeper integra- tion. The study concludes that Russia’s strategic priorities center on expanding NDB project pipelines, develop- ing interoperable payment infrastructure for local currency settlements, and targeting high-multiplier sectoral projects in transport, energy technology, and industrial cooperation. These findings contribute empirical evidence on Russia’s evolving position within BRICS amid geopolitical restructuring and Western sanctions pressure.

Annotation: Bankruptcy has occupied an important niche in the life of society over the past decades. This conclusion is confirmed by the prevalence of the category of cases related to the insolvency of economic entities and individuals in the arbitra- tion case file. The purpose of the bankruptcy procedure is either to restore the debtor’s solvency, or the most effective settlement of debts owed to creditors. Achieving these two goals is possible through the sale of the debtor’s property, and therefore instruments of replenishment of the bankruptcy estate are of particular interest to civil lawyers, among which subsidiary liability and challenging invalid transactions are the most prominent. In this article, the author conducts a study of the mechanisms for challenging invalid transactions in insolvency (bankruptcy) cases based on theoretical and practical sources. A consistent analysis allowed us to identify three key models of challenging, including: out-of-competition challenging, competitive challenging, and challenging creditors’ claims when they are included in the register. Gaps in legal regulation have been identified, the elimination of which is critically important for the formation of a monotonous judicial practice, as well as the stability of legal relations and the rule of law. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article explores the phenomenon of information certainty and uncertainty in the information field. The concept of the information field is being expanded by including the uncertainty factor in it. Certainty and uncertainty are considered as a condition, as a factor, as an attitude. Descriptive and procedural tasks of the information field are highlighted, their characteristics in relation to certainty and uncertainty are given. The main factors that increase the degree of uncertainty associated with the measurement and transformation of connections and relationships of objects and their parts displayed in the information field are highlighted. The transition from point to areal models, which can be used to analyze spatially distributed objects typical in geoinformatics and situational modeling, is considered. Formal models are proposed that demonstrate how uncertainty can be repre- sented and interpreted. Models of certainty and uncertainty are demonstrated using areal examples. Uncertainty is interpreted not only as an epistemological phenomenon, but also as a state formalized within computational models. This makes it possible to apply the research results in areas such as cognitive modeling, unmanned control, knowledge extraction, and others.

Annotation: The article analyzes the market of services for maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, describes the features of the activities of enterprises related to the nature of the services provided, requirements for the organization of work and interaction with the client base. Due to the high competition in the industry and the technological complexity of the operation of modern cars, the study presents an analysis of promising areas of activity in the market for maintenance and repair of motor vehicles. The level of demand for maintenance and repair of motor vehicles depends on both internal and external factors. Individual factors affecting demand are interdependent values, which has an increasing effect on the dynamics of demand. Since an enterprise for its normal functioning needs not implementation of well thought out and competently built marketing policy only in the area of online promotion and advertising, but also creation of a positive reputation based on positive customer reviews, the article presents an analysis of trends in the market of maintenance and repair of motor vehicles.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the features and prospects of the transformation of marketing activities in the context of the forming of the seventh technological paradigm, the key element of which will be the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) and self-learning systems. The article presents a systematic view of the key stages of the development of marketing technologies, and examines the impact of future innovative developments on the organization of business processes and the forming of comprehensive marketing strategies. Special attention is paid to the factors that contribute to the development of effective AI-based tools and methods that can increase the competitiveness of enterprises in rapidly changing market conditions. The main drivers of growth and areas of improvement in marketing activities that are necessary for the successful adoption of new technologies are highlighted in the article. The study was based on the methods of abstract-logical and system analysis, modeling, and comparison, as well as the problem-targeted and structural-functional approaches to studying the issues of improving the effectiveness of marketing activities in the context of new technological challenges and pat- terns. The findings will provide an understanding of current trends and strategic directions for the development of marketing in the context of the large-scale technological shift that is expected in the next decade, and will determine the scientific and practical significance of this research.

Annotation: This article analyzes the international legal problems of sanctions imposed by European states against Russia fr om the standpoint of democratic principles of modern states and sovereignty of states, and offers a critical view of Western anti-Russian propaganda justifying sanctions. The article concludes that the West's "demoniza- tion" of Russia is based not on actions that significantly distinguish it from the rest of the world, but on the need inherent in state systems to create an enemy in order to assert their superiority. The object of criticism is those Western propagandas that, based on immoral manipulative dynamics, cope well with constructing an enemy only because they are disguised as a convincing, at least outwardly, ideological goal based on democratic principles. In reality, such mechanisms conceal strategies for the struggle for power in violation of the basic principles and norms of international law, going far beyond the territory wh ere wars are being waged, that is, into geopolitical games with economic and geographical interests on a much larger scale. Throughout the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The research is aimed at forming a comprehensive view of the problem of assessing reliability as a characteristic of objects in the information field. It is shown that with a full assessment of the reliability of information, there is a need to move from a one-sided approach to a dichotomous approach. It is proposed to evaluate the unreliability of information when assessing the reliability of information. Formal schemes demonstrate that the reliability of information is a measure of proximity to the truth, unreliability of information is a measure of proximity to a false assessment. A methodological scheme for assessing the reliability of information in scientific research in the form of rules is proposed. A variety of types of information is noted, which is associated with the use of different criteria for assessing reliability. It is shown that in many cases there is a multiplicity of confidence estimates and that reliability characterizes a certain confidence interval. The concepts of “plausibility” and “delusion” are highlighted as components of the dialectic of scientific research. The conclusion is formulated that the assessment of reliability includes the analysis of information for reliability, unreliability, plausibility and delusion. The use of a dichotomous approach (reliability ↔ unreliability), as well as the inclusion of the categories “likelihood” and “delusion” allows us to expand the analytical tools for studying this problem.

Annotation: The article discusses the theoretical and methodological issues of forming the structure of the project team as an element of the personnel strategy of the enterprise. The enterprisess development strategy implies the systematic implementation of various kinds of changes and the implementation of a number of projects. The analysis of the signs of the flexible strategy of the enterprise and the personnel strategy of the enterprise allowed us to determine the main directions of work with personnel for the successful achievement of the goals of organizational changes. The scientific article presents the results of a study of how representatives of different generations perceive organi- zational changes and how their work behavior changes. The “theory of generations” is considered, according to which the labor behavior and attitude to changes of representatives of different generations differ. As an example, the personnel structure of successful and unsuccessful projects to optimize the company’s activities is considered. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about which representatives of generations of specialists make up the main staff in more successful projects, and which – in the least successful ones. In order to form a personnel strategy, options for adapting the existing project management structure are proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of each generation’s perception and the distribution of their role positions in accordance with this.

Annotation: The Constitution of the Russian Federation, in paragraph 1, article 8, establishes a rule indicating the imple- mentation of economic legal relations in Russia, providing for the guarantee of “the unity of the economic space, the free movement of goods, services and financial resources, support for competition, and freedom of economic activity”3. Precisely for the implementation of these significant aspects in the system of state regulation in Russia that the state policy in the field of economic security is being implemented at the federal, regional, municipal and sectoral levels, aimed at countering challenges and threats to economic security, preventing crisis phenomena in the resource and raw materials, industrial, scientific, technological and financial spheres, as well as to prevent a decrease in the quality of life of the population, consolidating the efforts of federal government bodies, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and civil society institutions to ensure economic security in order to protect objectively significant economic needs the country and the implementation of the national priorities of the Russian Federation4, which consist in the development of organizational, regulatory and legal measures, the implementation of which is guaranteed by the criminal law. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to provide a legal analysis of the processes and main forms of cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare and medical personnel training, identify existing problems in this area and develop proposals for their solution. It is proved that in the context of global existential challenges to modern humanity, it is necessary to update global law, adequate to the nature and scale of threats. The information on the current state of cooperation between China and Russia in the field of medical education and professional training of doctors is summarized. A comparative review of the national legislation of the two countries and the scientific literature on the designated research topic has been conducted. It was noted that the PRC and the Russian Federation face similar problems and strive for the same goals in the field of healthcare and training of medical workers, and also have common needs for both bilateral cooperation and expanded interaction with member countries of regional and international governmental and professional communities. Based on a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory framework for medical education in China and Rus- sia at the present time, the conditions and factors determining the need to improve the professional training of medical professionals in these countries have been identified. Possible ways to strengthen the participation of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation in global health management and the training of highly qualified medical personnel are considered. At the same time, it was noted that such problems as the lack of a clear position on the issues of medical education standards, insufficient legal support for medical activities and professional training, as well as contradictory reasoning of innovations prevent the forming of unified approaches to synchronization and management of training of highly qualified personnel in the process of implementation of grand national projects for the development of health care in the PRC and the Russian Federation in the period up to 2030. The opinion is expressed on the need to develop intergovernmental cooperation between China and Russia in the field of health care training, to expand the space of cooperation through the mechanisms of “SCO” and “BRICS plus” with the global involvement of countries with similar interests and goals, legal means, to strengthen the unified image of effective global interaction and partnership in the field of medical education and health care in general. The opinion is expressed about the expediency of creating a global synchronized system of medical education in the future, justified by the global normative system. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes an approach to solving the problem of detecting current pulses of a surface barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure under conditions of large volumes of data obtained at a high sampling rate. A brief overview of the collected dataset is presented, an analysis of a typical detection algorithm is carried out, and its shortcomings are identified. A new two-step approach to data processing is proposed: classification of the time series for data pre- processing and detection of the start and end of pulses using a deep learning regression model. The article describes relevant neural network architectures and provides a comparison of the effectiveness of the considered approaches in solving time series classification tasks. The use of machine learning makes it possible to reduce detection errors. This method shows better results than existing approaches due to improved accuracy and noise resistance. The theoretical and practical results of the study are aimed at the development of technical diagnostics and machine learning methods.

Annotation: The article examines the current problems of regulating digital platforms using the example of marketplaces. There is a contradiction between the increasing market concentration and the need to maintain innovation dy- namics and equal competition conditions. The study revealed that based on the Herfindahl – Hirschman index, the Russian marketplace market has a pronounced oligopolistic structure; in foreign countries, in particular, the German market, according to GMV, corresponds to the oligopolistic Forchheimer’s model of a dominant firm. In the process of analyzing the European experience of regulating digital platforms, some provisions are proposed that are possible for integration into the Russian legal system. The purpose of the study is to identify effective mechanisms for regulating digital platforms by the European Union and the possibility of integrating the experience in Russia. The methodology is based on comparative legal and institutional analysis, as well as a case study of the experience of the European Union, which implemented the Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act regulations. The conclusion is made about the expediency of forming a hybrid regulatory model in Russia, combining antimonopoly instruments, self-regulation and digital compliance.

Annotation: In the context of globalization and technological change, the platform as a form of employment not only provides new employment opportunities but also poses a number of challenges to workers and the state, such as lack of stability, legal guarantees and social protection. The subject of research in this scientific article is the problems faced by employees and employers in the context of platform employment, as well as its impact on the labor market and legal regulation. The author analyzes the essence of platform employment, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its impact on the labor market, which made it possible to identify key problems and develop directions for improving regulation of this area. The prospects for the development of platform employment in Russia are presented, which is important for the formation of effective government policy and protection of the interests of workers in the digital economy. As a result of the research, the understanding of platform employment as a new phenomenon in the labor market has been deepened, and an emphasis has been placed on the formation of a more effective and fair system of labor relations in Russia.

Annotation: The future of education is associated with educational ecosystems, the role of which in the forming of environ- mental culture and the transmission of practices sustainable development can hardly be overestimated. In edu- cational ecosystems, there is an exchange of knowledge, experience and innovative approaches to environmental education, sustainable development practices are formed, and environmental responsibility skills are acquired. The purpose of this study is to consider educational ecosystems in the context of the forming of environmental culture and sustainable development, as well as to identify promising areas, the implementation of which in the educational ecosystem will contribute to increasing the environmental responsibility of students. To solve this problem, the study uses the method of studying the scientific literature on the concepts of “environmental culture” and “educational ecosystem”, a review of the legislative framework regulating environmental education at the national and international levels is conducted, the results presented in national and international rankings and voiced in analytical reports are summarized. Based on the results of the study, it was found that productive co- operation and partnership in the educational ecosystem form a positive result from such integration, consisting in providing participants with the opportunity to implement environmental innovations and sustainable develop- ment practices. The results obtained contribute to the development of an ecosystem approach in environmental education due to a deeper understanding of the importance of forming an environmental culture and sustainable development among students.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding and methodological formulation of the concept of in- formation reliability as an independent interdisciplinary category. It is shown that, unlike technical reliability, information reliability relies on fuzzy, cognitive and semantic characteristics, which makes the problem of its assessment methodologically difficult. An attempt has been made to bring this concept beyond the traditional engineering interpretations, substantiating its applicability to information models, information systems and information processes. A multifactorial structure of information reliability is proposed, including reliability, relevance, recoverability, information quality, and characteristics of the operating environment. The list of significant factors other than technical reliability factors has been expanded. A methodological model of expert assessment is proposed, linked to testing as an information process, which makes it possible to show the practi- cal applicability of theoretical provisions. The results of the study are a generalization for the further forming of a systematic approach to the assessment of information reliability.

Annotation: This article examines the development of internal audit systems (IAS) in public companies. It focuses on the specific legal framework for organizing IAS in such companies, as they are public joint-stock companies. The article reveals the nature of the regulation and construction of the IAS using the example of specific materials and regulations of a large public company PJSC LUKOIL. The study provides a detailed description of the bodies created to conduct effective internal audit in such an organization, their functions, and their interrelationships. The internal audit system is linked to the nature of the business structure, which is used as an illustration for the company’s IAS model. Special attention is paid to the extensive range of IAS functions in public companies, including both a risk management system, assessment of the quality and reliability of the work of departments and the reports they generate, and monitoring the alignment of internal and external audit processes. The meth- odology for annual planning of the IAS unit’s activities is examined in considerable detail. As a conclusion, a number of findings are highlighted that allow similar participants in large businesses to use the experience of the internal audit service of the large public company under consideration.

Annotation: The article considers the mechanism of the forming of an autonomous risk management system (ARMS) based on the synergistic effect. The relevance of the study is due to the need for adaptive risk management, which are becoming increasingly interconnected, when one risk can affect another, and they can combine to create new, more complex situations. In the conditions of impossibility of complete elimination of risks, it is necessary to combine modern methodologies with a focus on synergy. The main goal of the work is to substantiate the feasibility of joint application of strategic management methodologies (based on the Balanced Scorecard) and process integration for risk management using the synergistic effect. The study revealed synergistic effects that arise when combining the ARMS and these methodologies, which correspond to the structure of the “triple helix” model. Particular attention is paid to the forming of synergy at the key stages of the developed life cycle model. The results show that the synergistic effect significantly increases the usefulness of the developed model. An example of practical application confirms the relevance of the proposed approach. The results obtained can be useful for top managers, scientists and specialists interested in the development of autonomous risk management information systems based on the synergistic effect.

Annotation: The article analyzes the problems faced by students of generation Z in the forming of foreign language reading competence. Theoretical approaches to the problem of forming a culture of reading in a foreign language are summarized. As a way to involve students of generation Z in reading activities, a student-centered individual reading program in English is offered, aimed at forming a reading culture for 1st–2nd year students of the uni- versity. The three-stage educational model of critical thinking development technology (challenge – comprehen- sion – reflection) is used to organize students’ activities related to individual reading during the semester. The methodology of competence-based educational practices aimed at the forming of students’ autonomy through active and interactive methods is used to enhance the learning potential of the program. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which promotes the intellectual and emotional immer- sion of students in an independently selected authentic work of art and the forming of motivation to read in the process of active communication about what they have read.

Annotation: The article examines large language models in the context of automation of routine pedagogical tasks. A brief analysis of the tasks that arise during the work of a higher school teacher is carried out, and the most important problems that can be solved using artificial intelligence methods are highlighted. The concept of artificial intel- ligence is presented and described, which includes machine learning, deep learning and generative artificial intelligence as constituent elements. The evolution of large language models that belong to the field of generative artificial intelligence and are characterized by the ability to create text, images, code and audio is shown. The results of the transformation of large language models from the moment of their emergence to the appearance of the latest models are presented. The possibilities of using the Russian large GigaChat-type language model in the educational process are shown, ways of application are indicated and further plans are outlined. Attention is drawn to the limitations of the use of generative models in the educational process related to the manifestation of hallucinations of large language models and the thoroughness of the query.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of corporate strategic planning in the context of the digi- talization of the Russian economy. The changes in approaches to the formation and implementation of company strategies under the influence of digital technologies are analyzed. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents, statistical data for 2020–2025 and cases of the largest Russian companies, key trends in the transformation of strategic planning have been identified. The study showed that Russian companies are moving from traditional long-term planning models to flexible, adaptive strategies based on data management and digital platforms. The main barriers to the digital transformation of strategic management have been identified, including the unwillingness of the corporate culture to change and the shortage of qualified personnel. The success factors of the digital transformation of strategic planning are considered, as well as the prospects for development in this direction until 2030. The results of the study contribute to understanding the specifics of Russian business adaptation to the digital economy and can be used to develop digital transformation strategies.

Annotation: The role of corporate volunteering in Russia, which helps strengthen the social responsibility of business and achieve national development goals, is increasing from year to year. In recent years, there has been a signifi- cant increase in the number of companies implementing such programs, which reflects the desire of businesses to contribute to solving social and environmental problems of the country. The object of the study is corporate volunteering as a socially significant activity of organizations. The article examines the historical process of the emergence of corporate volunteering. A study of the concept of “corporate volunteering” was conducted, the goals and objectives of this type of activity were identified. The author assessed the role and benefits of corporate volunteering for companies and employees. The article also considers the forms of implementation of corporate volunteering in Russia. The article examines the legal and organizational restrictions on the development of corporate volunteering in Russia. The article provides an in-depth analysis of corporate volunteering as an element of corporate social responsibility of a factor in the sustainable development of organizations and society. The influence of corporate volunteering on the socio-economic development of regions and organizations was revealed. In light of these ideologies, the author developed recommendations for the development of corporate volunteering programs in Russian companies, with the help of which it is possible to increase the social responsi- bility of business, strengthen the internal corporate culture and create effective strategies for involving employees in volunteer activities, which will have a positive impact on the sustainable development of organizations.

Annotation: The article describes one of the most well-known conceptual examples of special relativity, the so-called “twin paradox”, within the context of educational technology. The paradox is interpreted through the sequential ap- plication of Lorentz transformations in a system containing three objects (clocks), thereby circumventing the use of non-inertial reference frames. One object is conventionally stationary, and two move at equal speeds but in opposite directions. All operate in inertial frames. The slowing effect of the stationary clocks manifests itself as a result of the verification (synchronization) of the three events. The use of a virtual clock transfer and the introduction of three objects instead of two clearly demonstrates the key point—the relativity of simultaneity, which is the root of the paradox. This approach can be used to better understand the effects of Einstein’s special relativity, in particular relativistic synchronization, length contraction, and time dilation. This work can be ef- fectively used in the educational process.

Annotation: The most important criteria for choosing risk management methods in a small enterprise were identified, namely low cost and relatively not high complexity. Possible strategic mistakes in risk management at a small enterprise are characterized. The problem of limited access to information and the ability to process the information re- ceived in a small enterprise is highlighted. It is proposed to select the division of all risks of a small enterprise into risks of the internal environment and risks of the external environment as a basis for risk management at a small enterprise. Risks of the internal environment of a small enterprise are characterized as more accessible for forecasting, making it possible to influence the probability of its implementation and the magnitude of its consequences. It is justified the necessity of primary concentration of small enterprise efforts on managing exactly internal, rather than external environment risks. The most important parameters of small enterprise risks rank- ing were identified with giving priority to the magnitude of risk consequences rather than to the risk probability. The features of managing small enterprise external environment risks are characterized taking into account monitoring of counterparties and transactions accompanying, as well as protection against unfair competition. The recommendations for small enterprises risk management are justified.

Annotation: The article reveals the specifics of the socio-humanitarian expertise of future education in the context of the NBICS revolution (nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive and sociotechnologies) and the development of metatechnology of artificial intelligence. Social and humanitarian expertise of this type reveals the existential and eschatological dimensions of techno-innovations. The probabilistic nature of the results of social and humanitarian expertise is due to the fact that experts rely not on facts, but on archetypes, models, scenarios that allow identifying emerging trends and are the basis for decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, polyvariability, and nonlinearity of the future. The work compares the main scenarios of the future of education – techno-optimism and techno-pessimism. The importance of social and humanitarian expertise as a foresight of anthropological and educational risks generated by the autonomous development of artificial intelligence and its possible transformation into a subject of cognition is substantiated. The key risks are associated with the onset of the post-human era, threatening the existence of natural intelligence, and the destruction of education as an anthropological space.

Annotation: The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing importance of human capital, the quality of which directly shapes organizational competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0. The article explores the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of developing employee motivation systems in industrial organizations, including an analysis of theoretical frame- works and management practices for their implementation. The aim is to identify key trends in the evolution of motivation systems in the context of digital transformation. The study compares traditional, modern, and digital motivation systems, examines the specifics of motivation in the industrial sector, and substantiates the need for implementing ROI-oriented motivation systems. It is shown that human resource management is evolving from an administrative function to a strategic tool for sustainable development. The study advocates for the adoption of motivation systems that ensure transparency and accountability of expenditures, prioritize investment in high-performing employees, enhance the effectiveness of personnel management through an orientation toward measurable productivity outcomes, and provide executives with evidence-based decision support grounded in quantitative metrics. Conclusions are drawn regarding the transformation of management practices in the field of motivation, and promising directions for further research are outlined.

Annotation: The article studies the actual socio-philosophical problem of rethinking traditional values in the context of rapidly changing modernity. A number of important traditional values, such as the priority of spiritual interests over material ones, common good over personal, patriarchal family and others, are rationally and critically examined. At the same time, their outdated semantic potential is revealed and a new conceptual understanding is proposed in the perspective of increasing degrees of personal and social freedom. The author’s approach is based on the acceptance of the general civilizational tendency of building harmonious relations between spiritual and material interests of man, as well as personal and common good. The article pays special attention to the modern synthetic understanding of the value of human dignity as a unity of social utility of a person and his moral and legal self-value. Thanks to the combination of pragmatic and moral-legal interests it is possible to achieve the fullness of being of a person and the whole society. The necessary practical task of the research is also to rethink the value of the family not as a patriarchal institution, but as a voluntary union of equal partners aimed at the joint achievement of a happy life. The final aspect of our study is to analyze the traditional concept of “volushka-volya” as negative freedom. The objective necessity of transition to positive freedom, namely to its highest manifestations in political, moral-religious and creative independence of the individual is shown. Practical realization of these renewed values will be an important condition for sustainable and successful development of the Russian society.

Annotation: The article examines the features of managing innovative business processes of IT startups as a special type of organi- zation operating in conditions of high uncertainty and rapid technological dynamics. An analysis of the evolution of innovation development models has revealed that traditional innovation process models do not provide adequate flex- ibility for digital startups. A hybrid innovation management concept is proposed, based on a combination of integrated and network models that ensure synchronization of internal business processes with external partner interactions. It is shown that effective management of innovation processes of an IT startup involves the use of digital technologies, end-to-end integration of communications, as well as participation in ecosystems of innovative development. It is con- cluded that the key factors for the success of IT startups are the flexibility of the organizational structure, the ability to quickly test hypotheses and the adaptation of business processes to the dynamics of the digital economy. The proposed approach allows us to assert that IT startups, unlike classical companies, are forced to build innovative activities at the intersection of two models: integrated as the basis of internal processes and network as a system of external relations.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the features of coping strategies and stress tolerance of HR company employees working in remote, hybrid and face-to-face work modes. An empirical study was conducted on the basis of a federal IT company. The data collection involved employees working in different modes of operation (remote, face-to-face and hybrid) and living in different cities in the Russian Federation and in other countries. The diagnosis was carried out remotely using three standardized diagnostic techniques: a self-assessment test of stress tolerance, Ways of Coping Questionary (methodology by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman), and Daily Stressors Questionnaire (methodology by M.D. Petrash and O.Y. Strizhitskaya). The data obtained were processed using methods of mathematical-statistical analysis of data, for the calculations was used the IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 software: frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, comparative analysis (Kruskal – Wallis test), correlation analysis (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). The identified features of coping strategies and stress toler- ance of IT company employees working in remote, hybrid and face-to-face work modes will not only clarify and expand scientific understanding of these phenomena, but also suggest effective measures to optimize the working conditions of specialists.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the potential of introducing digital technologies into the system of social and labor relations in higher education at the industry level. Structurally, the article consists of an analysis of quantitative indicators characterizing social and labor relations in the field of higher education. Based on the results of the analysis, it is shown that the higher education sector is characterized by imbalances associated with a decrease in the number of employees, aging of the teaching staff and low rates of wage indexation, lag- ging behind the rate of inflation. In our opinion, the improvement of the social and labor relations management system is associated with the introduction of digital technologies into the organizational processes of higher education organizations. The article shows that the field of higher education has a great potential for introducing digital technologies into organizational and socio-labor processes through the creation of a digital management platform at the federal level. This management system could incorporate functionality that, among other things, would relate to the management of social and labor relations.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is related to the decline in the overall quality level of modern domestic higher educa- tion and, especially, its socio-humanitarian component, in which philosophy is the leading discipline studied by students of all universities, regardless of the area and profile of training. The object of the study is the pedagogi- cal features of teaching philosophy in higher education institutions. The subject of the research is the didactic specifics of studying the structure of philosophical knowledge. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the pedagogical maxim, according to which the degree of effectiveness of both secondary and higher education can be significantly increased provided the simplicity, clarity and vitality of the material offered to students. The research methods are pedagogical observation, comparative analysis, the formal logical method of dividing concepts, the classical method of defining concepts, deduction, induction and analogy, idealization and thought experiment. The result of the work is the substantiation and demonstration of the didactic possibility of trans- forming educational material in the educational process from complex, incomprehensible and uninteresting to simple, understandable and interesting. The field of application of the research results is the theory and practice of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines in higher education institutions.

Annotation: The study of the innovative potential of food industry enterprises is key in creating an effective anti-crisis strat- egy, as it allows identifying new opportunities for adaptation and sustainable development in the conditions of economic turbulence. The authors try to establish the degree of influence of the level of innovative potential on the success of the anti-crisis strategy of food industry enterprises. The article defines critical success factors for Russian food industry enterprises. One of the most important objectives of the study is to identify the relationship between the capitalization of food industry enterprises and their innovative potential. In addition, a list of alter- native anti-crisis strategies was developed during the study and the directions of their implementation by food industry enterprises were substantiated. The result of the study is a tested relevant model for choosing effective directions for implementing the anti-crisis strategy of a food industry enterprise. The authors conclude that the level of innovative potential influences the choice of the direction of the anti-crisis strategy by the management of a food industry enterprise. The conducted correlation analysis confirmed the presence of a strong positive relationship between the market capitalization of food industry enterprises and the level of their innovative po- tential (r = 0,7). Therefore, innovative potential becomes a key factor in capitalization.

Annotation: This article examines the development of social benefits structures in large companies. It examines the impact of labour shortages on the content and types of benefits packages at major Russian banks. The author focuses on the specifics of the structure of social benefits for information technology specialists, the shortage of which is particularly acute in today’s realities. The article analyses the general and specific components of the social package offered to IT specialists in the financial sector of the economy. The article emphasizes the particular importance of an active HR policy of organizations aimed at creating an effective social package in order to address issues of retaining and attracting personnel in the field of information technology. An effective two-tier model of social benefits is proposed, including basic elements at the first level and additional options at the second level that promote the personal and professional development of specialists. A conclusion is drawn regarding the strategic importance of developing personalized compensation packages in the context of competition for talent.

Annotation: The article analyzes the state of the legal culture of the Russian Federation in the modern period. It also dis- cusses the main terminological features related to the definition of the concept of legal culture and the structural elements included in it. In addition, the problems associated with the insufficiently high level of legal culture among citizens of the Russian Federation in modern realities are identified and analyzed. The data of sociological surveys of young people about public institutions that have the most influence on the growth of the legal culture of society are presented. The article emphasizes that in the processes of interaction between the state and soci- ety, the modernization of the legal policy of the state – the use of information technologies – contributes to the improvement of the level of legal culture of the Russian population. Such an “electronic State” extends not only to the sphere of public administration, but also covers public relations. Further in the article the current state of the legal culture of the Russian population are revealed, and ways to solve the problem of not having a sufficient level of its development are identified. Based on the conducted work, a conclusion was also made that charac- terizes the relevance and importance of improving the legal culture for the further development of the country.

Annotation: The subject of the study is Russian integration into global production chains (GPC) through diversification of non-resource non-energy exports (NNE). The aim of the work is to develop a strategy to strengthen Russian position in the GPC, considering the current geopolitical tensions. Special attention is paid to the stimulation of the national non-resource sector by the raw material industries. The study is based on the analysis of the interim results of the “International cooperation and export” program, which showed the continued relevance of diversification of NNE and the need to revise the existing approaches. At the same time, an assessment of the degree of Russian integration into GPC for the period 2014–2024 was carried out based on the analysis of World Bank and World Trade Organization studies. The conclusion is drawn on the dominance of upward participation over downward participation. Based on the results of the study, a comprehensive strategy for the greater integration of the country into global production chains has been developed. The strategy is based on the conclusion that Russia, as a significant global exporter of raw materials, has the potential to effectively use this advantage by creating infrastructure focused on deep processing of raw materials and production of high value-added products.

Annotation: The article examines the specificities of education in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Af- fairs of the Russian Federation. The main characteristics of the socio-educational environment of an educational organization are highlighted: value orientations, interaction of environmental subjects, realization of personal needs. The conditions influencing the formation of the socio-educational environment of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are considered: the inclusion of students in educational and professional activities with the realization of the educational potential of academic disciplines and the subject environment of faculties; identification of interests and abilities of cadets, organization of creative activities, cultural, educational and sports activities; information support of educational work. The necessity of information and educational activi- ties of course supervisors, officers of departments and teachers in the development of critical thinking, as well as on countering the negative influence of the media on students, is substantiated. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the need for organizational and methodological filling of the socio-educational environment of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with interactive forms of educational work involving interpersonal communication, cooperation and interaction. The results of the study have practical value for the command and teaching staff of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and can be applied to improve the quality of professional education of police officers.

Annotation: The article is devoted to topical issues of the forming and development of family law as an independent branch of Russian law. The authors consider the period of the IX–XVIII centuries in the context of the forming of family norms. The relevance of this topic is due to the importance of the family as a fundamental social institution. Much attention is currently being paid to the preservation of the traditional family values of our state. The effective operation of legal norms in this area guarantees the protection of the interests of members of each individual family. Therefore, the purpose of the authors of this article is: to identify the main directions of the development of marital and family relations in this period; to show how the basic norms and institutions that formed domestic family law were formed throughout the history of Russia; to analyze how the studied historical stage influenced the development of Russian family law. During of the study, historical, comparative legal, and formal legal methods were applied. The authors conclude about the natural development of marital and family relations in this period, about the role of the studied norma- tive legal acts in the forming of family law in Russia.

Annotation: The article analyzes the effectiveness of team competitive events within the framework of project-based learning. The subject of research is the organizational and methodological aspects of hackathons and ideaathons in the context of higher education. The study is based on the experience of preparation and implementation of such events at Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University. Definitions are given, types, formats of organization and holding of competitive events in the field of information technology are considered. Examples of tasks and winning projects are presented. Factors influencing the quality of hackathons and ideaathons, as well as their relationship with expected results are investigated. The results of monitoring the satisfaction of participants of hackathons and ideaathons based on a survey and questionnaire are presented. Options for increasing motivation and attracting potential participants are proposed. The impact of such events on the forming and development of students’ universal and professional competencies is analyzed. The issue of including hackathons and ideaathons in the educational process of universities is discussed.

Annotation: The paper describes the normative provisions that have appeared in Russian information regulations in recent years and are characterized by a special range of subjects, grounds, sources and content of responsibility measures. The analysis of such regulatory frameworks made it possible to reveal a new approach to legal regulation, which takes into account the economic and technical nature of Cyberspace. Due to this, we assess the effectiveness of information and legal measures to be higher than that of classical types of legal responsibility in cross-border and anonymous cyberspace. Along with the application of measures by public authorities to influence information legal relations subjects, we have also noted the practice of business entities applying such measures, in particular, individuals who own or manage digital platforms. This allows us to establish the possibility of categorizing contractual information and legal responsibility. At the same time, the wide range of subjects involved in relations developing in cyberspace, along with a num- ber of other pressing issues in information law, contribute to inconsistencies in the application of information and legal measures. We consider this circumstance as an additional argument in favor of the codification of information legislation.

Annotation: The article describes the features of macro-regions as subjects of meso-level economic regulation and their place in achieving strategic goals of spatial development. It is shown that the institutional structure of macroregions within the strategic planning system does not allow them to function as a coherent entity. A set of problems has been identified that prevent macro-regions from becoming full-fledged participants in the state policy of regional development, which include the lack of development of their status, lack of subjectivity, the presence of other macro-territories represented by federal districts, which leads to the “duplication” of participants at the meso- level of spatial regulation organization. The conclusion is made about the rather formal nature of macro-regional strategies aimed at ensuring the interaction of regional economies within the socio-economic space of a country, as their goal-setting is not supported by adequate institutions, resources, and tools. Proposals have been made to clarify conceptual approaches to the development of strategic documents for macroregions, in order to establish a logical relationship with the strategies of federal subjects and fill them with specific content and indicators. This will increase the functional capabilities of meso-territories in ensuring the unity of the economic space.

Annotation: Digital technologies have long and firmly entered our lives, but recently the emphasis of their application has been shifting. The object of research in this article is digital education, and the subject is the scenarios of using digital technologies within it. The article describes the results of the study of the learning process using digital and information technologies. The main directions of their effective use in the educational sphere are outlined, negative aspects of quick access to digital information for students are noted. The process is considered from the point of view of educational environment and application of digital and information technologies. The scenarios of using digital technologies in the educational process are presented: face-to-face training with the use of digital tools and technologies, distance learning, blended learning. The analysis of practical application of the scenarios is given, the assessment of positive and negative experience of using digital technologies in professional activity is given, including on the basis of questionnaire survey of teachers of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Annotation: The article studies the impact of a decent life of an individual on improving the quality and effectiveness of the national innovation system (NIS) in the context of modern threats to sustainable socio-economic development. A new “six-pronged” NIS model has been developed and substantiated, including a dignified person, civil society, the rule of law, science, education and entrepreneurship. The high production capacity and efficiency of the new NIS has been revealed, which consists in a full cycle of innovation creation: from implicit knowledge to the final product of personal and productive consumption. The proposed algorithm for the functioning of the new NIS within the framework of the appropriate mechanism of public-private partnership in optimizing cen- tralized planning and market self-regulation is considered. A new parametric model of NIS is proposed, based on the paradigm of a decent life for an individual and meeting the requirements of expanded reproduction of large-scale and radical innovations. The general outline of a new political economic model of decent living and modernization of the economy as a disciplinary matrix of qualitative renewal of the NIS in the conditions of the sixth technological order and the requirements of ensuring economic security has been developed. The increas- ing role of the public sector of the economy as the most important source of implicit knowledge and, hence, the cognitive basis of NIS is justified.

Annotation: This article analyzes the events, actions and facts in the history of Kievan Rus, part of which became the territory of the Moldavian Principality, after its formation. These events and facts became the key and the basis of the good relations of the Moldavian Principality and the Moscow Kingdom, which ended with the establishment of the citizenship of the Moscow Kingdom over the Moldavian Principality. The purpose of this study is to form a scientific historical and legal framework proving the objectivity and pattern of such a historical and legal fact. The task of the study is to analyze facts from various sources of domestic, Moldavian and Romanian authors, reflecting the activities of secular and spiritual authorities in the rapprochement of the Moldavian Principality and the Moscow Kingdom in the 17th century. In the course of the study, general scientific and special research methods were used – systemic, analysis and synthesis, logical, historical, interpretation. As a result of the study, it was proved that it was during this period of time that the first normative act in the history of bilateral relations was signed, which established the official citizenship of the Moscow Kingdom over the Moldavian Principality.

Annotation: The most important strategic task of the Russian higher education system is to train personnel for the needs of the digital stage of development. Despite the popularity of information professions and the growing demand for IT education, Russia is experiencing a significant shortage of IT specialists of various levels of training. The study identified the main institutional and competent imbalances in the IT training system, which made it possible to identify a set of factors that have a cumulative effect that has accumulated over a number of previous years and prove the inflexibility and low responsiveness of Russian academic educational institutions to the urgent re- quirements of systemic digitalization. It is concluded that the non-use of the potential of Russian universities, the inability of the education system to adapt as quickly as possible to the new digital reality in terms of increasing the training of demanded IT specialists, the separation from the needs of real practice leads to a deceleration in the processes of information transformation and objectively casts doubt on the achievement of Russia’s digital maturity in the medium term.

Annotation: The study examines the specifics of the National Innovation System (NIS) of the Russian Federation. The author emphasizes that in modern conditions of sanctions pressure, the NIS of a country determines technological sov- ereignty. The rationale for the relevance of the topic is provided, which is based on statistical data. Based on the analysis of indicators (innovation activity, index of inventive activity), negative trends in innovation activity are identified. The variety of approaches to the definition of the concept of “NIS” is characterized. The influence of all these approaches on the development of the NIS of the Russian Federation is stated. The conclusion is made about the importance of the “national” specifics of NIS. According to the author, the specific features of the na- tion (mentality) significantly complement the factors that determine the intellectual activity of personnel in the innovation system and, as a result, the intellectual activity of NIS, which ensures the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation. The modern features of NIS are highlighted: acceleration of STP, structural reconstruc- tion, intellectualization of personnel, humanization of management. The importance of the spiritual and moral essence of innovation reproduction as a modern specificity of the intellectual activity of NIS is emphasized. A new interpretation of the definition of “NIS” is proposed. The author’s conclusions collectively contribute to the systematization of research activities, the definition of a new emphasis on the development of effective manage- ment solutions in order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation.

Annotation: The article describes the features of legal regulation of the use of programs with artificial intelligence to ensure security and control of society using the example of the Russian Federation, the EU and the UK. The issue of the relationship between the use of person tracking systems using personal identification methods and the im- plementation of the right to privacy of a person’s personal life was considered in the research separately. The relevance of this topic is due to the rapid development of information technology in the world. Scientific novelty is determined by the comparative short history of legal relations arising from the development, use and control of the use of artificial intelligence by individuals and legal entities, as well as states. The common methods of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of participants in legal relations, developed over the centuries by states, have little applicability due to the use of artificial intelligence capabilities without taking into account territorial borders.

Annotation: The article discusses the problem of the shortage of qualified specialists in the field of general aviation. The analysis of the reasons for the need to improve the system of professional forming and development of general aviation specialists is carried out. The basic principles of an integrated multi-level system of training qualified specialists are defined and substantiated, and a variant of its implementation is proposed. The authors pay special attention to the importance of career guidance for students at the stage of education in a general education organization, as well as to the provision of practical work opportunities for students at higher educational insti- tutions and industries. The mentoring method is considered as a mechanism for transferring unique experience to a new generation of general aviation specialists. The need for continuous training and advanced training of specialists to meet the rapidly changing requirements of the industry is noted. In general, the article offers a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of training qualified personnel in the field of small aircraft, covering all key stages of education and professional activity of specialists in the current area.

Annotation: The article examines the prerequisites for the forming of professional legal awareness of medical workers and doctors, in particular, as legally significant entities making decisions that affect the life and health of patients. The author draws attention to the general trends in the forming of legal awareness in Russia, in particular, such trends among young people and young people in universities. The researcher critically evaluates the results of the study of the educational process in relation to schoolchildren and applicants, pointing out the dubiousness of the indicators of knowledge growth, since the level of the required material and its depth are not taken into account, the narrow focus of preparation for admission to the university only in the assigned subjects and the lack of figures reflecting the general education of applicants are not taken into account. The issue is raised that all these trends and factors, in a particular case, affect the level of legal awareness and legal culture: both in society as a whole and in professional communities, in particular. Having such a basis, the professional con- sciousness of a medical worker is undoubtedly distorted. A system of medical bioethics measures is proposed by the author to influence the doctor’s professional legal consciousness.

Annotation: he research in this article is aimed at studying fundamentally new mechanisms and forms of financing invest- ment projects caused by technological development and external macroeconomic conditions. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative, quantitative-sum assessment of empirical data and statistical information. The article presents an assessment of the investment activity of the domestic economy over the past five years with the concretization of stimulating factors. Specific forms of innovative investment financing instruments are outlined, as well as their varieties. The interpretation and characteristics of each instrument are given. The current level of legal regulation of new forms of investment financing was analyzed. A comparative description of individual Russian investment platforms is presented, the dynamics of their total number over the past three years is considered. An assessment of the level of application of innovative financing tools is given, the prospects for their further development in the domestic economy are outlined. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the systematization of new forms of financing of investment projects and the disclosure of the characteristic features of certain types of financing.

Annotation: The article characterizes the metric system of a person’s decent life as the basis for assessing the qualitative integrity of the creative and intellectual form of individual and social human capital. A decomposition model of the parameters of a decent life is proposed, including separately the metrics of a decent level and a decent quality of life. The methodological basis of the article is structural-genetic and interdisciplinary approaches to the problem of qualitative analysis of key phenomena characterizing the subject perspective of the study. The scientific novelty of the provisions and conclusions lies in the development of a new system of parameters for a decent level and decent quality of life for an individual; the forming of a metric system of a worthy life for the individual as an integrity that determines the axiological and spiritual-moral vector of creative work activity; proof of the need to include in the national innovation system (NIS) a person living with dignity with a list of parameters for the qualitative integrity of his creative and intellectual capital. The scientific and practical sig- nificance of the proposed conclusions and recommendations lies in clarifying the interpretation of key concepts (decent life, decent standard of living and quality of life of the same name), as well as in justifying the need to implement the practical tasks of the state’s socio-economic policy aimed at the “targeted” and targeted forma- tion of a decent life of every Russian household.

Annotation: The article discusses important aspects of the development of civil society in Russia. The institution of civil so- ciety is an integral attribute of any State governed by the rule of law. However, its formation is conditioned by the emergence of certain prerequisites in the political, social, economic and cultural spheres. In the history of Russia, these prerequisites occurred in the second half of the XIX century as a result of the reforms of Emperor Alexander II, which created the conditions for the forming of civil society. The aim of the author is to analyze the historical course of the country towards the forming of civil society; to consider the reforms of the 1860s in Russia in the context of the occurrence of prerequisites for the forming of civil society; to identify the essence of these prerequisites; to determine the role of reforms for the forming of civil society in Russia. During the study, historical, comparative legal, and formal legal methods were applied. The author concludes that the necessary conditions for the formation of civil society have emerged in the political, social, economic, and cultural spheres in Russia, as well as the emergence of elements of civil society resulting from the reforms of the 1860s.

Annotation: The article presents an overview of the methods for the development of eastern systems of psychophysical train- ing, described in the research of N.V. Abayev. The subject of the study is the forming of competence in health prevention issues based on Eastern systems of psychophysical training. The work highlights the importance of Chan/Zen Buddhism, which is embedded in this system, calling for mental well-being, flexibility of thinking, improvement of memory, attention, forming physical intelligence. The author comes to the conclusion that the system of psychophysical training, that is, the development of mental and physical abilities of a person with the help of special exercises, can be used in the field of education as a mechanism that promotes the development of intellectual, personal, creative potential of students. The article uses the historical and philosophical method of scientific literature analyzis on the proposed research topic and the method of synthesis as a combination of the considered material in a new quality. Hermeneutical and dialectical research methods were also used in the work.

Annotation: The article outlines the problem faced by humanity in choosing between traditional values and innovations introduced by Western ideologues under the guise of somatic human rights and the role of mentoring in the spiritual revival of humanity. The aim of this article is to develop mechanisms for reforming the institution of Youth Mentoring at the present stage. The subject of the study is the justification of the theory and practice of mentoring from the perspective of the synergetic triad of the educational process: patriotic education, forming of legal consciousness, and instilling traditional universal values and moral norms. Based on the subject of the study, the following tasks were performed: the historical experience of the educational process of Russian youth, laid down by Slavic and Eastern cultures, is analyzed; the differences in the personnel potential of school teachers in Imperial and Soviet Russia are studied; the prerequisites for an imbalance in the school educational system between male and female teachers are revealed; the phenomenology of responsibility is considered through the prism of male education and the forming of legal awareness among young people; the proposals on the form- ing of the legal consciousness of the younger generation at the present stage based on the generalization of the experience of crime prevention in the “16-year Shchelkov period” are formulated; the practical importance of enhancing the human resources of the institute of Mentoring in the educational environment through the return of men to the teaching profession is substantiated; mechanisms for reforming the institute of Mentoring youth are proposed; organizational measures necessary for the implementation of the proposed mechanisms for improving the role of mentoring in practice. The theoretical framework of the conducted research is the socio-axiological approach to examining phenomena of legal reality.

Annotation: In this article, the authors implement an integrated approach and offer systematic analytical material devoted to current problems of international labor migration and its impact on the economic security of the state. An analysis of current statistical data on the directions, structure and dynamics of migration processes is carried out using the example of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the positive and negative consequences of the increas- ing scale of cross-border movement of labor in the conditions of the new economic reality. The migration influx makes it possible to fill the existing shortage of labor resources, reduce the severity of the demographic problem, but at the same time additional problems arise related to the protection of national interests and ensuring national security. Particular attention is paid to the financial consequences associated with the increased burden on the budget when implementing government support measures for migrants. The results of the study can be used in developing public policy, including those aimed at optimizing migration flows, taking into account the need to protect national interests and ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation, as well as solving the demographic problem.

Annotation: The use of digital tools, as practice shows, brings significant diversity to teaching methods and can significantly increase students’ interest in all types of classes. Nevertheless, expectations of the adverse effects of digitaliza- tion of education have been formed in the teaching environment. The article reveals the advantages and risks associated with the digital transformation of the educational environment. The most important are cognitive and ethical risks, as well as risks associated with competition from educational platforms with online courses. The authors differentiate the risks of students, teachers and universities as the main subjects of educational activity. Such important social problems in the development of education as social inequality and the “digital divide”, the “manageralization” of the university structure to the detriment of creative self-organization, and the strengthening of ethical issues of compliance with standards of academic integrity in education are highlighted. The article formulates some proposals to neutralize risks, including the need to develop digital didactics, update the qualification requirements for a higher school teacher, and develop an information culture among students. The implementation of these proposals can be useful for improving the effectiveness of educational activities in the digital environment.

Annotation: The article examines the specifics of the relationship between the high-tech sector and digitalization for the development of Russia. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, four approaches are identified that reflect the connection and influence of digitalization in the development of entrepreneurship, industry and territory. As a fundamental component in the study, based on the considered approaches, the direction related to the technological development of territories is taken into account, which is aimed at activating opportunities in the field of information technology. To determine the specifics of the relationship between the high-tech sector and digitalization, an assessment of the export and import of information technology products (IT products) is carried out. The application of an approach to the assessment of exports and imports of IT products is justi- fied. A classification (based on the OECD approach) has been identified for the assessment, which includes a breakdown by product groups: computers and peripheral equipment; communication equipment; digital and consumer electronics; electronic components; miscellaneous. The trends in global trade in the export and import of IT products are analyzed and the Russian specifics in this segment for a 19-year period (from 2004 to 2023) are identified. Promising positions in the field of digital technologies in the global IT product market are identified.

Annotation: When measuring the metre of a poetic work in verse, feet are usually taken as a basis, which consist of stressed and unstressed syllables. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the size of the foot in advance. With further measurements, it may also turn out that in some lines of the poem the sequence of stressed and unstressed sylla- bles differs from the first line. That is, some positions of syllables in the poem cannot be unambiguously attributed to either stressed or unstressed ones. Such a discrepancy can greatly confuse the student. To solve this problem, it is proposed to take into account not two variants of syllables, but three: unstressed, incompletely stressed and stressed syllables. The metre of the poem is proposed to be written not in words, but in numbers indicating the type of syllables. With this approach, there is no need to determine the length of the foot in advance, and it is also not difficult to determine the metre of poems in which not all lines have the same sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables. In order to automate the measurement of metre, as well as for use as an electronic educational resource in literature lessons, the intellectual information system “Fet.Online” is created, which allows us not only to deter- mine the poetic size, but also to visualize the structure of the poem, as well as to form its textual description. The system also has a database of poems from the school literature course, which students can use for individual work.

Annotation: This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of the "digital ruble" as an object of public relations regu- lated by the norms of civil, banking and currency legislation of the Russian Federation. The article examines the views of Russian legal scholars on the essence of the digital ruble, the place of the digital ruble in the system of objects of civil rights, and the specifics of calculations using the digital ruble. The conclusion is made about the duality of the legal nature of the digital ruble, which combines the following features: 1) an object of civil rights; 2) the form of the currency of the Russian Federation used for settlements in accordance with the procedure and on the terms provided for by the norms of domestic banking and currency legislation, as well as legislation on the national payment system of Russia. The expediency of legislating the definition of the "digital ruble" in the Federal Law "On Currency Regulation and Currency Control", as well as further improving legislation on the domestic digital currency and the sphere of its use, is emphasized.

Annotation: The study examines certain types of real estate owners’ partnerships that require deep scientific understanding due to the lack of their special detailed legal regulation. The subject of the research is scholarly works and provisions of the current legislation on real estate owners’ associations. Methods of scientific research: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy. The main conclusions are: a partnership of real estate owners is a collective category – it consists of its types, which may or may not be provided for by law; types of real estate owners’ partnerships not specified in legislation will include any type of real estate owners’ partnership that is not the most common (provided for by law), but is specified in the charter of the partnership, as such, based on the specifics of the real estate subject to management; the main criterion for classification as a real estate own- ers’ partnership is the ability to manage the corresponding type of real estate. The author also came to other conclusions. The study of this topic will make it possible to make an additional contribution to the scientific understanding of poorly studied certain types of real estate owners’ partnerships.

Annotation: The features of solving inverse problems within the framework of the educational technology of parallel interdis- ciplinary integration of chemistry and computer science are presented: discussion of the meaningful formulation and transition to a mathematical problem at chemistry seminars, implementation of the solution in a software environment in computer classes and subsequent analysis of the obtained results at chemistry seminars. The emphasis on solving chemical problems familiar to students using various software tools is justified. Special at- tention is paid to software tools for solving equations and systems of equations. The main thematic blocks related to solving inverse problems are described: problems for mixing solutions (fractional linear equations), problems for the interaction of a mixture of metals with oxidizing acids (systems of linear equations), problems for chemical equilibrium (nonlinear equations-polynomials). The sequence of blocks is determined by the complexity of both chemical tasks and software tools for their solution. The results of the application of the developed educational technology are presented at the Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of the Russian Technological University, which indicates its effectiveness.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to assess the place of political and legal knowledge in the modern development of the state and law, to determine the role of its moral foundations, reliability and completeness as conditions for the civi- lizational self-identification of Russia. Using general scientific methods of generalization and analogy, such special legal methods as formal legal, historical and legal, comparative legal, the main components of Russian political and legal knowledge are compared with the political and legal approaches of the West. The need to overcome the established stereotypes of social universalism, economic determinism and secularism inherited from the era of the Great Revolutions in the domestic political and legal knowledge is argued. The struggle for Russian scientific sovereignty should be based on overcoming Eurocentrism as a worldview basis for the humiliation of national self- consciousness and deformations of Russian civilizational development. The reinterpretation of Russian political and legal knowledge involves considering the Soviet Union as an experienced political and legal model of the state of justice and social equality. The conclusion that any constitution is built on the value priorities of society is substanti- ated. The civilizational spiritual and moral features of Russia are incompatible with the worldview principles of the West. Modern Russian political and legal knowledge reflects the results of the cultural and historical development of the multinational people of the Russian Federation and the archetypes inherent in it that have developed over many generations as prototypes of state and legal forms, society’s ideas about justice and the role of law. Political and legal knowledge can be fruitful and effective only if it is harmoniously based on the cultural and historical experience of the people, if it overcomes the moral neutrality of knowledge itself and the practice of statecraft that grows out of it, and if it accepts knowledge of traditional spiritual and moral values as a tuning fork. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The financial system is based on the processing and aggregation of vast amounts of information into price signals that coordinate economic participants. Throughout history, advances in information technology, from simple record-keeping to artificial intelligence, have transformed the financial industry. This article examines the evolution of the financial sector through the lens of advances in information processing, with a particular focus on AI. The analysis of how generative AI (GenAI), emerging AI agents, and general artificial intelligence will affect finance is conducted. It assesses the opportunities and challenges posed to the financial sector by different generations of AI, including machine learning (ML), generative AI (GenAI), and emerging AI agents. The impact of AI on financial stability and the risk of AI-induced disrup- tions to the real sector are considered. In light of these ideologies and the increasing adoption of AI, the author has outlined the implications of developments in AI for financial stability and prudential policies. The article discusses the potential impacts on the real economy, examining both optimistic and destructive scenarios involving AI. The author emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in order to develop a framework for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the global financial system.

Annotation: The article describes the use of corpora as promising translation methods in the context of foreign language education. Corpus-driven approaches is known to have become popular in lexicography following digital tech- nological advances. This method have made it possible for computer programs to process vast amounts of data very rapidly. The purpose of the study: to identify the main role of corpora in teaching a foreign language. The following research methods are: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, interpretation, systematization, structuring. The following results are obtained: currently the problem of corpus approach use as digital means to solve foreign language education issues are relevant due to Foreign language study enhances human’s opportunities in technologies. It is necessary to create a link between the digital society and humanitar- ian education, that is, digital culture. The use of corpus technologies can provide significant assistance in the professional activities of a foreign language teacher. The corpus approach is an important tool in organizing the learning process, finding the necessary content of educational tools, and its application can ensure the quality of teaching a foreign language. In conclusion it is noted that expanding the corpus capacity to translate texts contributes to the diversification of learning processes through digital technologies.

Annotation: The article describes the features of international and domestic law as independent legal systems. The author studies the constructive features of both legal systems and proves the independence of two legal phenomena: the legal system of international law and the domestic (national) legal system. The author proposes a system of ten criteria by which it is possible to conduct a comparative analysis and differentiate international and national law. The article emphasizes the significant substantive and functional consistency of both variants of legal systems, which ensures the effective development of both national and international law. The comparative legal method in its functional version became the main one for the preparation of the article. Based on the results of the study, the author states that there are significant constructive differences between national and international law, which allow us to speak about their independence. At the same time, the study demonstrates that they are also characterized by substantive and functional consistency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the consideration of the category “social system of scientific pedagogical knowledge production” as a product of specialized scientific work. The factors influencing the forming and development of pedagogical science in the conditions of a new normality are highlighted, which are characterized by the rapid emergence of new phenomena and systemic changes that differ sharply from the previous ones. A systematics of trends in the field of pedagogical education reforms is given. The basic principles of the transformation of pedagogical science in the period of the forming of a new reality caused by the instability of the social situa- tion are formulated. The scientific and methodological concept of the development of pedagogical science as a social institution for the production of scientific pedagogical knowledge, an adaptive transition to a qualitatively new state of educational systems through an adequate response to changes in the external environment in the conditions of a new normality is proposed. Through a survey of participants in the network collaboration of the Ural Federal District, the most important problems in the reform of teacher education are highlighted. The results of the study provide grounds for a better understanding of the process of transformation of pedagogical science in the context of a new normality, clarifying the results of the changes being made and can be used to justify management decisions.

Annotation: The article explores the concept and problems of the student’s network personality. The focus is on the fact that this phenomenon has multiple meanings and can have different effects. The socio-cultural and psychological characteristics inherent in the network personality are revealed. The necessity of the study of the learner’s net- work personality due to the digital changes in the sphere of education is emphasized. It is noted that existence in a hybrid – real and virtual – world has a contradictory effect on the forming of the network personality of the student, on the processes of functioning of individual consciousness and thinking, the development of behav- ioural strategies. Attention is drawn to the phenomenon of network identity. The possibilities of social networks in the realization of various forms of identity, including alternative ones, are considered. The role of symbols and simulacra in the forming of worldview, social and educational attitudes of students is traced. The inherent illusory nature of virtuality is considered, the negative consequences of illusory representations for the existence of an individual and a student is revealed. The influence of virtual social mobility on social actions of network individuals is studied, its advantages in terms of opportunities for self-realization are revealed.

Annotation: The lack of legislative regulation of the issue of the legitimacy of imposing obligations to pay a contribution for major repairs not only on the owner of residential premises, but also on other persons to whom it is provided on the basis of property and obligations rights is indicated. Contradictory approaches of judicial practice to resolving these disputes are demonstrated. In some cases, courts consider it impossible to transfer such an obligation (for example, in relation to family members of the owner of a residential premises), in others they justify a positive answer to this question by reference to the nature of the emerging right (for example, in relation to holders of the right of operational manage- ment). In disputes related to the transfer of residential premises on the basis of a contract, the idea is formulated about the exclusive nature of the owner’s obligation to pay a contribution for major repairs and the impossibility of its transfer within the framework of contractual relations. It is concluded that in order to resolve the contradictions that have arisen, it is necessary to develop a unified position on the possibility of transferring to third parties the burden of maintaining not only residential premises, but also the common property of an apartment building.

Annotation: The central bank’s digital currencies can become an effective payment policy tool, helping to eliminate market dis- ruptions and stimulating competition and innovation in new digital payment markets. In this regard, the topic of this work is undoubtedly relevant. The article is devoted to the study of the factors of central banks for the development and implementation of digital currency initiatives of the central bank (DCCB), as well as their advantages. The article first examines the concept and main forms of implementation of digital currencies of the central bank. The article examines the general-purpose digital currencies of the central bank, which can technically be implemented in two formats: in the form of deposit accounts with the central bank for all households, corporations and digital tokenized currencies based on distributed ledger technology. It is revealed that among the arguments of the monetary authorities in favor of currencies, the following motives can be distinguished: global competition, duopolistic or oligopolistic market structure, dominance of foreign payment providers, reduction of cash in circulation. In addition, the main advantage of the DCCB is precisely the increase in the competitiveness of payments and their efficiency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the effectiveness of the fight against smuggling by the Fed- eral Customs Service of Russia and the development of a digital control system for the flow of goods at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union. An analysis of the dynamics of criminal cases initiated under articles of the Criminal Code of Russia related to crimes in the customs sphere showed a downward trend. At the same time, the Strategy for the Development of the Customs Service of the Russian Federation until 2030 indicates the need for systematic improvement of the law enforcement function of customs authorities, which creates the need for the introduction of digital technologies. In modern conditions, important digital technologies are blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and big data technologies, which are integrated into a single digital system of industry management. The article shows the great potential for the development and implementation of an industry-wide system of control over the movement of goods within the customs system of the Russian Federa- tion and the Eurasian Economic Union. The key risks of the proposed measures for the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of customs authorities in order to combat smuggling are identified and the target characteristics obtained after the implementation of the proposed measures to combat smuggling are presented.

Annotation: The article describes the constitutional and legal foundations of the struggle against fascism in modern Russia as the successor of the USSR. The author substantiates the need to use the definition of fascism given by Soviet scholars, taking into account their existential experience of generations who survived fascist aggression. The article provides a comparative analysis of the approach to defining the concept of fascism by Soviet authors and Western researchers, reveals the differences and reasons that prompted Western researchers to interpret this concept differently. The article substantiates the existential approach, analyzing scientific and legal concepts through the personal experience, values, and worldview of their authors. It reveals the anti-fascist orientation of the norms of the Russian Constitution, enshrining the succession of the USSR, the ideals of ancestors, belief in God, and social solidarity. The conclusion is made about the need for direct constitutional enshrinement of the fight against fascism around the world as Russia’s historical mission. The results of the article are important for the forming of modern Russian constitutionalism and state ideology.

Annotation: The article analyzes the digital economy of the Russian Federation using the methods of such international organi- zations as the Portulans Institute by the Network Readiness Index, the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs by the Global E-Government Development Index, World Intellectual Property Organization by the Global Innovation Index. The factors constraining the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation have been identified: the insufficient level of technology development, especially “new” technologies, telecom- munications and logistical infrastructure, content provision, electronic participation; an imperfect management system of the country’s digital development; environmental instability, manifested in the energy inefficiency of the economy, the inconsistency of the country’s environmental indicators with international standards. It has also been established that the human capital is one of the key drivers for the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation, which is characterized by a high level of literacy of the population, financing of research and development projects, the prestige of Russian universities, as well as technical and engineering specialties.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of modern development in Russia of investment models and instruments aimed at investors with an Eastern mentality, the so-called partnership financing. Attention is drawn to the need for the development and implementation of such financial instruments, with their regulation taking into account the turn of the Russian economy to the East. The article notes that each such implemented financial mechanism and instrument must comply with the Eastern mentality and traditions. The study provides an analysis of the mechanism introduced in Russia in 2023 as an experiment in a number of South-Eastern regions of the country to introduce the practice of partnership activities. The analysis of the subjects of this experiment, the legally adopted mechanism of its functioning and the regulatory framework, the types of financial instruments (operations) introduced in this case are presented. Particular attention is paid to the application of rules and accounting standards when reflecting these partnership financing transactions among economic participants in the experiment. As a result, conclusions are made about the need to expand such an experiment, as the practice of conducting partnership activities accumulates, and the need for a clearer definition and regulation of accounting issues for partnership operations.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the principles of practical training in professional tourism education. The presented results of the methodological research are an overview of the experience obtained as a result of practi- cal pedagogical activity in the system of tourist education in the context of a competence-based approach. The local elements of novelty in the work are contained in an attempt to summarize the empirical and pedagogical experience of approbation of the principles of practical training of students in professional competencies: the axiological principle; the recreational principle; the principle of individualization; the principle of integrity; the principle of communication; dialectical principle; the principle of continuity; structural and substantive princi- ple; the principle of hierarchy; the principle of market orientation of practical training. The authors conclude that professional tourism education in higher school should be based on a system of links between the main components of the content, the organization of various forms, principles and methods of teaching, which are implemented and assimilated in the course of practical activities of students.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of lean technology for teacher training projecting for in-company education. The relevance of this issue in the context of a market economy and competitive environment is determined by the need for enterprises to continuously train their staff in order to fulfil government orders in a timely and high-quality manner, optimize production processes, and master new machinery and equipment. In addition, the current shortage of personnel forces enterprises to seek new effective ways to train or retrain staff, including in related professions or processes. A lean manufacturing tool, which can also be called mapping, is proposed to assess the current state and improve the training process of in-house teachers, as well as their organizational and methodological support. It allows eliminating the losses and problems that can occur during the training process by providing a clear sequence and structure for its procedures, as well as by the optimal use of exist- ing technical and human resources within the organization. The author’s technology, designed on the basis of mapping, is lean as it allows us to organize a low-cost training process for in-company teachers in a short term, taking into account their individual characteristics, as well as the educational needs of an enterprise focused on federal and regional productivity enhancement policies.

Annotation: The article analyzes the impact of legal education on the protection of constitutional rights of citizens. The article examines the main factors contributing to the growth of legal literacy of the population and effective defense of constitutional rights by citizens. The author analyzes the correlation between the level of legal culture of citizens and their ability to protect their rights. The problem of the insufficient level of education of the population in mod- ern society comes to the fore, especially when forming a development strategy. The importance of legal education as a tool for improving legal culture creates the need to analyze the current state of society. The relevance of the research topic is due to the identification of the degree of influence and effectiveness of legal education on the protection of constitutional rights. In the context of the article the relationship between the level of legal culture and the actions of citizens in accordance with the algorithm of realization and protection of their rights is inves- tigated. It is important to note that the given examples demonstrate how the increasing level of legal awareness affects the quality of life of society. The above statistical data allow us to identify trends in the legal interest of citizens and assess the dynamics of their involvement in the protection of their legitimate interests. A process of integration of modern technologies into the process of legal information of the population is observed. The study of the results of the work of the Constitutional Court for a certain period of time allowed us to verify the close relationship between the processes of legal education and the level of observance of constitutional rights of citizens.

Annotation: The subject of the research is the concept and significance of the methodology of the science of criminal justice, its role in the activities of the penal system, the training of specialists for institutions and bodies executing pun- ishment. The purpose of the work is to study issues of methodology of the science of penal law. When studying the problem, dialectical, formal-logical, system-structural methods were used. The article describes the views of scientists on the methodological foundations of the science of penal law, and examines certain aspects of its significance for theory and practice. Dialectical and historical materialism form the basis of the methodology of the science under consideration; private scientific and special methods of cognition are also used. It is con- cluded that the training of highly qualified specialists for the penal system, other state and non-state (private) organizations involves studying the methodology of special sciences in the specialization (profile) of training, the methodology of the science of criminal justice contributes to the implementation of theoretical knowledge in practical activities in the field of execution of punishments and other areas of life.

Annotation: The article reveals the conceptual, methodological and methodical foundations of foresight as an educational technology. The purpose, objectives and principles of implementing humanitarian foresight in the educational process of a technical university are determined; an algorithm is developed, including pre-foresight, foresight session and reflection. The results of approbation of this technology on the basis of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University as part of teaching cultural studies to future engineers are presented. The scenario method was chosen as a method for conducting a foresight session, which involves the development, representation and assessment of polar – optimistic and pessimistic – options for the future of technogenic culture. The importance of foresight as an educational technology that promotes the formation of future-oriented thinking, a culture of participation, creative orientation and the ethos of future engineers is substantiated. In addition, the risks arising in the process of testing humanitarian foresight in the educational process of a technical university are identified.

Annotation: With the development of information technology and the growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI), the issue of its application in education arises. In the conditions of a new digital civilization, it is necessary to learn how to manage information chaos and extract benefits only from interaction with artificial intelligence. Information and digital literacy is becoming the modern basis of educational communication, which radically changes the quality and content of learning at all levels of education. In the context of global digitalization of the world, the scientific paradigm as a whole is changing, in particular, the paradigm of education is changing. The prospects of the emergence of a fundamentally new system of educational relations in the context of the use of AI and ma- chine learning are considered. Adaptive AI-based learning systems offer new opportunities to enrich the learn- ing environment and improve teaching effectiveness. The article substantiates general approaches to learning with the support of AI, which will facilitate flexible adaptation to the needs of production and the labor market, allowing for regular analysis of the results of continuous learning. Automatic daily updating of the strengths and weaknesses of learning outcomes, possible cooperation, as well as collective decision-making will make it possible to prolong the educational trajectory of students using AI tools.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problems of legal protection of the intangible ethno-cultural heritage of the Rus- sian Federation. The analysis of the current situation of protection of these facilities in Russia is preceded by a review of international acts of similar content. Several possible ways to apply forces to improve the protection of intangible cultural assets are outlined. First, this is a wider representation of Russian culture in the international arena. Second, elimination of the conflict in modern Russian law and law enforcement practice, which arose due to the incomplete change of the name of the object of protection. Third, strict compliance with the requirements of Article 6 of the Federal Law «On Intangible Ethnocultural Heritage Of the Russian Federation», which provides for the division of objects of intangible ethnocultural heritage into three categories: federal, regional and local (municipal) significance. Therefore, the federal register should include only those objects that really represent a special historical, cultural and scientific value for the history and culture of the Russian Federation. Fourth, it is to clarify the list of objects of intangible ethno-cultural heritage. It was recommended to include traditional symbols, as well as to emphasize their cultural-historical, spiritual and moral value in the laws on state symbols. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the transformation of the economy in the context of digitalization and the introduction of innovative technologies. The article examines the impact of information and communication technologies on various aspects of companies’ activities, including distance learning, contactless transactions and remote work, especially in the context of the past COVID-19 pandemic. The author focuses on the importance of digital tech- nologies, such as Big Data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and mobile technologies, to increase competitiveness and adapt businesses to new business conditions. The geographical aspects of the spread of these technologies are analyzed, with special emphasis on the leading positions of China, the United States and Singapore. The article also highlights the role of digital innovations in solving production problems and developing international economic cooperation. It is concluded that there is a need for further development and implementation of digital technologies to ensure sustainable economic growth and integration of companies into the global innovation environment.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to analyze the necessity and regularity of the birth of the idea of a moral state through the enhancement of freedom of conscience in modern society. The legal understanding of freedom of conscience is one of the spiritual foundations of state sovereignty. The research methodology includes the methods of historical and legal analysis with an interdisciplinary approach, abstraction and mental modeling, compara- tive legal analysis, and the ascent from the abstract to the concrete. The definition of freedom of conscience and ideological foundations of a moral state is given. It is the moral and ethical foundations of the Constitution that form the socio-cultural line of development of modern civilization. On the example of specific decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the position of the Council of Europe, it is concluded that the secularism of the European Enlightenment led to an equalization in the representation of Western public consciousness of good and evil, that in Western countries there is a forced moral neutrality of society, giving rise to immorality and permissiveness. The analysis of various aspects of the understanding of freedom of conscience as a basic value, without which the sovereignty of the modern state is impossible, is important for the further development of legal understanding, for teaching the theory of state and law and constitutional law in universities.

Annotation: The current issues of conducting practical classes in the form of a business game with students of the Faculty of Law on the topics of the section “Forensic technology” of the discipline “Criminalistics” are considered. The opinions of various authors on the practice-oriented teaching of the discipline “Criminalistics”, including the use of active teaching methods (business games) during practical classes, are given. The content of the stages of the business game organized in the conditions of the classroom is revealed; the main differences between practical tasks in the section “Forensic technology” from tasks in other sections of сriminalistics are highlighted. Recom- mendations are given on the use of technical means during practical training; an overview of the most in-demand set of technical means, the unified suitcase “Criminalist” is given. The expediency of using a forensic suitcase in its extended configuration is justified not only when conducting classes on topics involving direct work with traces of a crime, but also as part of the study of the topic “Forensic photography and video recording”. The conclusion is made about the importance of teaching the discipline “Criminalistics” for law students.

Annotation: In this article, the authors substantiate the need and possibility of developing and implementing various co-financing schemes for the progressive development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the fundamental regulations governing the area of activity under consideration, the article presents the level and content of legal regulation of the development of physical education and sports. Based on sufficient empirical material, the existing, objective and relevant trends that underlie the budgetary and extra-budgetary financing of physical culture and sports in Russia are identified. At the same time, the economic feasibility of using alternative financing instruments is substantiated and possible prospects for using various sources are determined from the point of view of compliance with the principle of sufficiency. The issues of non-traditional financing of sporting events in our country, due to the mutually interested partnership of the state and private business, presented in the article deserve attention. The authors present a set of appropriate government sup- port measures designed to ensure the progressive and effective development of the sector under consideration.

Annotation: Two approaches that have been formed in judicial practice on the issue of the right of the managing company to save when implementing activities on the management of apartment buildings are distin- guished. Their polarity is noted: the first is based on the need to apply the norms of civil legislation and the understanding of the contractor’s savings developed by judicial practice, the second – on the special nature of management relations, which requires the forming of a special approach to resolving disputes on the savings of managing organizations. Arguments are given against the mechanical use of the rules on the contractor’s savings to the savings of managing organizations. Negative trends as- sociated with the possible abuse of rights by managing companies in resolving disputes based on the second approach are demonstrated. The conclusion is made about the need to find a balance between the existing polar points of view, which, on the one hand, would not lead to possible abuses on the part of managing companies, and, on the other hand, would not deprive managing companies of the opportunity to justify the existence of savings. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines certain aspects of domestic tourism in the context of the conceptual approach developed in the sphere of the tourism industry of the Russian Federation as a result of the adoption of the federal project “Tourism and Hospitality Industry”, which became the basis for the further development of domestic tourism. The dynamics of the tourism industry development is shown. Attention is paid to the consideration of the adverse impact of foreign policy, domestic economic and organizational factors. There is an assessment of the regulatory framework that determines the financial relationships of participants in the tourism industry within the framework of this program area. The authors emphasize that the ongoing practical implementation of the national project in the tourism sector necessitates the development of new approaches and tools in management at the municipal level, stimulating administrative-territorial entities to create new tourism products by improving the financial, economic and organizational apparatus and the use of modern tools. Significant attention is paid to the expansion of the use of telecommunications and information base and issues of practical testing of tax tools, which should contribute to the development of the tourism industry at the regional and municipal levels.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development of leadership qualities of students in the psychological and pedagogical field of training in the process of studying at a university. In the process of solving professional tasks, a teacher- psychologist uses his personal resources, including the ability to motivate participants in educational relations, organize joint work, give an expert assessment and actively assist in solving pedagogical issues. The leadership potential of students can be revealed in the learning process, therefore, it is of particular importance to search in the educational space of the university for opportunities for students to form leadership competencies. The article analyzes leadership qualities as professionally significant in the activities of a teacher-psychologist. The conditions are presented in which the leadership qualities of future teachers-psychologists will be actualized and revealed, allowing students to realize their own leadership potential. Pedagogical technologies for the de- velopment of students’ leadership qualities are presented: activation of students’ problem-finding and research activities, inclusion of students in curatorial, mentoring, volunteer activities and student government activities, as well as solving practical cases with involved specialists in the field of team management. The results of the study can be used to improve the process of professional training of future educational psychologists.

Annotation: The article discusses the problems of forming a sense of patriotism among students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The special role of patriotic education and spiritual and moral values among police cadets in protecting them from the negative informational and psychological effects of the mass media is shown. The most important features of the protection of cadets from negative information impact are highlighted, which include the collectivity of this process, integration into the educational process, subjectivity and individuality of the educational process, innovation, the intensity of information anti-exposure, and feedback from students. It is noted that information culture is one of the most effective and reliable ways to protect students from the negative informational and psychological effects of mass media. The novelty of the work is to actualize the problem of protecting the younger generation from the negative informational and psychologi- cal effects of the media and to identify its features. The author’s recommendations on improving the process of protecting the younger generation from negative information and psychological effects are of practical importance.

Annotation: The article analyzes the current problems of the theory and practice of patriotic education of university students. The interrelation of the scientific understanding of patriotic education of university students with the require- ments of regulatory legal documents, the practice of its organization in universities is revealed. The issues of the development of historical consciousness, the forming of the all-Russian civil identity, military-patriotic educa- tion of university students are being updated. The development of personal patriotism of students in universities within the framework of the universal competence “systemic and critical thinking” is substantiated. The author substantiates such ways to increase the effectiveness of patriotic education of university students as: qualitative updating of the content and methods of teaching academic disciplines in universities, especially humanities and socio-economic disciplines in terms of patriotic education; the development of students personal patriotically driven activity in socially significant matters in academic and extracurricular work with them, etc. The thesis about the need for problematic differentiation of scientific knowledge on scientific and pedagogical issues of patriotic education of students in the higher education system is proposed.

Annotation: This article discusses various theoretical and practical aspects of banking marketing. In the modern world, in con- ditions of increasing competition, marketing is becoming necessary for every organization. Marketing for financial institutions, including banks, is becoming especially relevant. The practical aspect of the study is analyzed within the framework of the analysis of the effectiveness of the elements of the marketing strategy of JSC Tinkoff Bank. The authors of the study consider such functions of Internet marketing as constant contact with the target audience, convenience of service, customer orientation and the search for optimal ways of promotion. The research is based on the collected statistical and information data on the marketing strategy, target audience, promotion features and financial performance of the company. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that JSC Tinkoff Bank directs a large amount of funds to native advertising and content marketing, which is due to the need for constant communication with a potential and/or existing client. The scientific article is intended to raise interest in the field of banking systems and banking marketing, as well as to identify the experience of promoting one of the leading Russian banks.

Annotation: The article examines the legal positions of the Constitutional Court, justifying the right of the claimant to appeal the ruling on the cancellation of the court order due to the absence of valid reasons for the debtor to skip the deadline for filing objections, as well as the provisions of the draft law, consolidating the results of constitutional control in the system of legal norms. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the developed novels based on an analysis of the conceptual foundations of writ proceedings. According to the author, the key idea characterizing writ proceedings is the presumption of indisputability of the claimant’s claims, which determines ways to simplify and accelerate the form of protection of rights under consideration, including through truncation of adversarial proceedings and the issuance of judicial acts in absentia. At the same time, guarantees of the rights of the parties to the proceedings, ensuring procedural equality and protection against abuse of rights, are of particular impor- tance. The author concludes that the right of the claimant to appeal against the decision to set aside the judgment based on the debtor’s defenses raised outside the time limit should be stated in the text. As a result of the study, the importance of the legislative formalization of the legal provisions of the Constitutional Court, which establish guarantees of the rights of the claimant in writ proceedings and are not related to the unconstitutionality of the legal norm, is substantiated.

Annotation: The object of research is students’ digital information culture development, and the subject is the pedagogi- cal conditions of its efficiency. The main purpose of the work, namely, the disclosure of these conditions and the mechanisms of their influence on the information development of personality in the digital age, is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) substantiation of the importance of pedagogical conditions as factors and at the same time a component of the process under consideration; 2) analysis of interpreta- tions and understandings of the category “pedagogical conditions” in modern scientific and pedagogical discourse; 3) grouping of pedagogical conditions, taking into account the specifics of the educational activity under consideration; 4) disclosure and substantiation of the mechanism of influence of the studied conditions as a factor in the development of students’ personality. Special emphasis is made on the content and intellectual conditionality of information activities. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the conditions under consideration are of informative, organizational, methodological, and socio- personal nature, which correlates with the understanding of digital information culture as an integrative quality. The novelty of the work consists in the disclosure of pedagogical conditions at the level of very specific empirical situations, taking into account the specifics of the educational activities of students of the digital age.

Annotation: The article examines the legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations at the regional level in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop mechanisms for the legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations that en- sure the development of regions by securing sources on a long-term basis for the implementation of measures to achieve national territorial development goals. The subject of the study is the substantiation of the mechanisms of legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations for the development of regions and the achievement of established national goals. Based on the topic of the research, the following tasks were completed: analysis of the regional experience of forming the legal framework for regulating inter-budgetary relations at the regional level; con- sideration of the methods of budget law governing inter-budgetary relations; formulation of a proposal for the creation of mechanisms for legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations at this stage. The research uses general scientific and special methods, in particular systematic, logical, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, interpretation. As a result of our research, we have found that the establishment of legal mecha- nisms for inter-budgetary regulation of the allocation of funds from the consolidated budget of regions, taking into account the expenses of municipalities for implementing territorial development measures under state programs and regional projects using targeted indicators, leads to a balanced local budget and contributes to achieving national regional development objectives. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In response to the global and prolonged deterioration of the phenomenon of life in the socio-economic biosystem (SEB), the article postulates the circulation of matter within it. It is noted that the circulation of matter in the SEВ, based on its nanodestruction and the subsequent forming of a marketable product, involves the systemic self-organization of distributed economic systems. Precisely this neutralizes the contradiction between the progressive transformation of resources and the limitations in its provision. It is stated that the involvement of an individual’s waste resolves a global contradiction: between the progressive transformation of resources and the alienation of resources from the bulk of individuals of the SEВ. A mathematical formalization of the turnover of resources in the SEВ is proposed, which makes it possible to develop optimal management of ad- aptation, both the provision of resources and the rate of their turnover. The statement of ecology as an area of existence of the phenomenon of life of sustainable self-organization of the biosphere and SEB allowed them to be formalized in mathematical images in the form of grad. The foundations of the scientific and methodological approach for the development of effective management of the biosphere and SEВ adaptation strategy are predetermined. An eco-strategy for managing the adaptation of the SEB and the biosphere in the field of ecology is determined, guaranteeing the sustainable development of the phenomenon of life.

Annotation: The article describes the issues of the importance of family in the aspect of the implementation of active and passive electoral rights. The purpose of the article is to highlight the influence of the family and family status of the candidate on the forming of his image, taking into account the family when filing an application for consent to run, the use of family nomination as one of the election technologies, family values as a necessary component for the forming of political party programs, as well as taking into account family traditions to combat youth absenteeism in the electoral process. As an improvement of the legal regulation of the process of nominating a candidate for elections, it seems necessary to supplement the application for consent to run with information about the presence of a spouse and minor children of the candidate. The methods of the study are formal logic, historical analysis and a systems approach. The article concludes that the family and family values significantly influence all participants in the electoral process from election organizers and candidates to voters.

Annotation: The article discusses the features of managing property relations within the administrative-territorial formation of the city. Considerable attention is paid to the development of property relations in the city of Moscow. In particular, the composition of the city’s property and the main features of its management as part of the city’s property complex were examined, including legislative regulation, financial, economic, technical, technological and information management of property relations, etc. In the context of other issues, it was emphasized that it is necessary to strictly maintain the balance of property, at the disposal of the subject (city), regulate the ratio of municipal and commercial objects in the property management structure, taking into account the interests of the state (city) and at the same time it is necessary to create optimal conditions for potential consumers (users). It is concluded that increasing the efficiency of property relations management is largely achieved through the use of modern methodological approaches in the context of informatization of the management process and improvement of technological techniques based on their digitalization and the use of domestic software, which ensures the development of property relations in the city.

Annotation: The article examines theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of “labor potential” and various interpretations of this term. It also characterizes vocational education as a fundamental component of human labor potential. It is shown that the key factor influencing a person’s labor potential is his professional self- determination, formed at the stage of education. Based on the results of sociological research among students of Vologda State University, the features of students’ professional self-determination and their work behavior were determined. The main methods of research on this topic were a questionnaire survey, interviews with experts and focus groups. As a result of the analysis, the problem of insufficient professional self-determination of students was identified, which further affects the state of the labor market due to the undeveloped labor potential of the employee. In conclusion, the implementation of the concept of continuing education and the system of career guidance networking is presented as one of the solutions to the problem of undeveloped human labor potential.

Annotation: The issues of applying the provisions of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, re- garding the use of the results of activities for the implementation of state control (supervision) and municipal control and the initiation of proceedings on an administrative offense, are increasingly becoming the subject of numerous discussions and publications. Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze individual control and supervisory measures and control and supervisory actions, through which officials of control and supervisory authorities receive and record evidence of violations of mandatory requirements in control and supervisory activities, and their subsequent possibility for use as evidence in cases of administrative offenses. It is concluded that strict compliance with the requirements of legality serves as a guarantee of recognition of the actions and decisions of officials of control and supervisory authorities as legitimate, and the results of control and supervisory measures and control and supervisory actions as appropriate evidence in the proceedings on an administrative offense.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the desire to neutralize some of the problems that arise when agricultural land is seized in case of improper use of land. The purpose of the study is to study a number of features of the seizure of agricultural land in case of improper use of land that require legislative regulation. Particular attention is paid to the problems of legislative application in the process of seizure of these land plots. The article analyzes the regulatory framework governing the procedure for termination of rights to land plots, as well as the exercise of the powers of state land supervision in this area of activity. Some features that have negative consequences both for agricultural land and for the owners of these plots were studied. Recommenda- tions and possible ways of resolving the existing problematic situations are given, namely, amendments to the regulation of the term and procedure for the seizure of agricultural land in case of improper use of land. The article uses the formal legal method, general scientific methods of cognition.

Annotation: The article describes the development of digital information culture as a pedagogical process at the level of principles is considered as an object of the study. The purpose of the study is to review the relevant principles with a meaningful justification of their applicability, taking into account the specifics of information activities. The main objectives of the study are the differentiation of didactic and educational principles, as well as general and particular principles, with the identification of their interrelation on this basis. The relevance of the work is due to an increase in the share of information activity in the context of digitalization, and the novelty is the filling of the gap in the study of digital issues at a purely theoretical level using an analytical approach as opposed to the traditionally accepted ostensive one, which is specific for the practical works of a methodological nature. As a result of the research, the author concludes about the merging of the didactic and educational planes in the prism of information culture at the level of principles as pedagogical units of a high order, as well as about the validity of particular principles originating from the general provisions of theoretical pedagogy with a meaning- ful clarification towards the specifics of digital information activity.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the specifics of using dialogue as a form of teaching a foreign language to students of technical universities. The relevance of the article is determined by the urgent need to develop effective approaches to teaching a foreign language to students of technical specialties in order to develop students’ competence in written and oral communication in a foreign language in the professional field. Currently, the level of “read- ing and translating with a dictionary” can no longer be considered an independent didactic task, which has traditionally been central in the training of engineers, taking into account the saturation of technical texts with professional terminology, which dictates the development of not only new approaches, but also didactic values. The scientific significance of the work lies in the justification of the need to actively include dialog forms in the training of engineers based on the analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience, both local author’s and presented in a number of reviewed scientific publications. As an advantage of using dialogue techniques in language teaching, the subjectivity of teaching a student a foreign language is put forward as opposed to its objectivity as it is in other approaches, when the student remains a passive recipient of information received in a ready-made form. The understanding of the use of dialogue as a method of teaching a foreign language is car- ried out in relation to the specific features of the areas of training, which determines the practical significance of the study, which consists in the possibility of applying the presented task in the practice of teaching a foreign language.

Annotation: The article describes and analyzes the imperatives, as well as critically important conditions and factors of the creative, progressive orientation of modern socio-economic transformation. The article examines the systemic destructive consequences of the implementation in the world and domestic economy of a neoliberal political economic concept based on militant consumer individualism, financialization of the economy and society as a whole, as well as the expanded reproduction of economic simulacra. In this regard, the neoliberal ontology of failures of the market, the state, society and civilization is analyzed. Through the prism of the “three ecologies” (personality, society and nature), the key importance of expanded reproduction is proved, first of all, socio-cultural innovations that aim economic transformations at the actual transformation of a person into “the measure of all things”. Special attention is paid to ensuring the creative and labor ecological “purity” of the individual, in whose creative activity, at the same time, key socio-cultural and economic innovations are concentrated and implemented. The necessity of searching for ways to restore and strengthen the civilizational identity of society is substantiated, which requires overcoming the destructive consequences of neoliberalism in the domestic economy. The concept of a decent life is substantiated as a target functional of the humanistic orientation of the proposed socio-economic transformation.

Annotation: The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of waste management of production and consump- tion as objects of environmental and civil relations. The purpose of the article is to investigate and clarify the scope of the norms of environmental and civil legislation in relation to the field of waste management of produc- tion and consumption. During the research, the dialectical method of scientific cognition was used, as well as a number of private scientific methods: logical, system analysis, etc. The authors of the article consider the issues of ownership of production and consumption waste, as well as contracts in force in the field of waste manage- ment; analyze the norms of environmental and civil law governing such relations. In practical terms, the problem of the obligation to conclude a contract for the provision of solid municipal waste management services with a regional operator is investigated. The absence of negative legal consequences for owners of non-residential premises who evade the conclusion of such a contract has been revealed, and liability measures are proposed to correct this situation. The analysis of the reasons for the inefficiency of environmental legislation in the field of handling certain categories of waste is carried out, recommendations are made on making a number of changes to environmental legislation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article reveals the features of the modern procedure of state regulation of the quality of education in educational institutions in the Russian Federation, in particular within the framework of state accreditation for higher education programs. The article presents the author’s assessments and conclusions based on the analysis of regulatory acts, scientific publications of recent years and the understanding of the experience of expert activity. Special attention is paid to the issue of the correlation between the content of accreditation indicators for higher education, as ap- proved by the regulatory body for the education system, and the legally defined definition of the quality of educa- tion. The mechanism of organizing and conducting diagnostic work, which is currently a key tool for assessing the quality of education, is considered in detail. The advantages of the applied procedure for assessing the quality of training of students are determined, as well as the main disadvantages of the mechanism for conducting diagnostic work at the present time are formulated, which, according to the authors, are primarily associated with insufficient detail of rules and procedures. It is required to develop and approve a number of legal and regulatory documents regulating the procedure for evaluating the results of mastering an educational program when conducting quality control of education by the system regulator. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In the second part of the article the consideration of a multifactorial process of restoration of the Aral Sea and its drained part is proceeded. The organizational – political formalization of the management of the water resources of the Aral Sea basin came to an intellectually reasonable proposal for compensation projects – the construction of a Kokaral dam to create a North Aral Sea in Kazakhstan and the creation of a “Green sea” on the basis of forest melioration on the dried bottom of the South Aral Sea in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the problem of water scarcity remains unresolved, taking into account the increase in water intake from upstream of the Amu Darya river by Afghanistan.

Annotation: The article examines the ecolinguistic aspect of foreign language teaching process to students of different cat- egories. The purpose of this article is to define and describe linguoecological risks in the paradigm of language education. The characteristics of such linguoecological risks as language modification, language nihilism, loss of the national language originality are presented, and the negative consequences that may result from ignoring them in foreign language teaching process are also presented. The authors emphasize that in the context of glo- balization and the English language dominance, the problem of preserving linguistic identity becomes especially significant. The linguoecological risks which arise in teaching foreign language process are a topical issue in modern language education and require a comprehensive approach to be studied taking into account cultural and sociolinguistic factors. The article attempts to clarify the concept of “linguoecological risk”, and also presents an interpretation of linguoecological risks in linguodidactic coordinates and provides specific examples of their functioning in the educational process. This study emphasizes the importance of studying linguoecological risks as a priority task for teachers and government agencies involved in language policy. It will help to preserve the national language and ensure harmonious coexistence of different cultures in the context of globalization.

Annotation: The study of issues of theoretical perception of ethnocultural identity problems contributes to the effective solution of harmonious intercultural interaction formation in a multiethnic society. The article examines the socio-psychological aspects of young people’s ethnocultural identity development from the perspective of M. Sherif and D. Campbell’s research, representatives of the behaviorist direction. The applied study concept provides focusing on behavioral models of human life, since ethnocultural identity is realized in social actions. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion is formulated that the use of technological techniques implemented in the educational process and cultural and leisure activities aimed at maintaining the culture and traditions of an ethnic group makes it possible to update such areas of young people’s mental life as cognitive, affective and behavioral. These areas activation is fundamental for young people’s ethnocultural identity formation. The studied views and assessments of ethnocultural identity are qualified on their qualitative reasons by means of the conceptual analysis method. Based on the synthesis of the considered particular concepts, elements of the general concept of building harmonious intercultural interaction in a multi-ethnic society are highlighted.

Annotation: For a long time, the Arctic region of the Russian Federation has been identified as one of the top priority areas for development, through the implementation of energy projects. These projects are an essential tool for the long-term growth of the nation's economy and industry. The tasks of sustainable industrial development through Arctic energy projects are certainly reflected in the country's strategic planning documents at the highest level. The article argues that the main tool for ensuring the sustainable development of industry in the Russian Federa- tion lies in the development and implementation of energy projects in the Arctic region. The article describes the factors influencing the need and importance of the implementation of energy projects in the Arctic territory, and also gives a description of existing energy projects and those that are planned to be introduced. The facts about the strategic importance of projects for the sustainable development of the industry of the Russian Federation as a whole are presented. Conclusions are made that there is a need for further development of the industry in the Russian Federation, specifically in terms of organizing the production of equipment for energy projects in the Arctic. The goal is to focus on the sustainable development of state-owned industrial enterprises, allowing them to reduce or eliminate their dependence on equipment supplied by foreign companies.

Annotation: The article is devoted to understanding the transformation of the historical concept of the symphony of powers and the religious tradition of conciliarity of society. The successful application of these concepts and traditions is predicted in the reconstruction of their essence (but not forms) as the idea of harmonious cooperation of au- thorities for the sake of the common good, as well as popular unity in the organization of modern civil society and public authority. The basis of such reconstruction is seen to be traditional values and the achievements of scientific and technological progress while ensuring a balance of private, group and common interests. The long history of interaction between society and the authorities of our state makes it possible to assess the posi- tive and negative consequences of using certain approaches in various periods of Russia’s development. It is concluded that effective modernization of public authority is possible only in alliance with civil society, relying on the spiritual, moral and state-legal traditions of Russia using the achievements of world state-legal science and practice, as well as modern technologies.

Annotation: The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that in modern society, the diverse and multi-stage pro- cesses of forming an individual’s social and personal identity are increasingly moving from offline to online space. The article examines the purpose, concept, motivation, strategies and tactics of digital self-presentation, as well as the features of the forming of personality socialization in the digital space. The possibility of socialization of an individual in a digital environment with the actualization of virtual self-presentation strategies is substanti- ated. The theoretical methods of research include the analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific material on the research topic. Using the questionnaire, the strategies of virtual self-presentation, which are the basis for the formation of the socialization of a digital personality, are highlighted. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the proposal of a new methodological approach to the forming of digital socialization of the younger generation. The practical application of the results of the work is possible in the process of socializa- tion of young people in the digital space and is especially important for the development of a digital approach in the educational environment.

Annotation: The article considers the application of telegram channel as a didactic means of digitalizing learning, which is dictated by the increasing role of mobile applications in society and the opportunities they can provide – interactivity, accessibility, speed of information ex-change, and receiving feedback. The meth- odology of this study is based on the concept of person-alized learning and some elements of the digital transformation strategy of education. The differ-entiation method as a tool for identifying the didactic and educational essence in the digital ser-vices used, a survey, and a pedagogical experiment were used as investigation methods. During the study the possibilities of using online services for educational purposes were analyzed. A ho-listic didactic solution for using the telegram channel for teaching biology at school has been de-veloped. Possible prospects of its use are shown, including at an in-depth level, and a set of func-tional tools is justified. An example of a learning channel for studying biology in the 9th grade is demonstrated, the author’s experience of using the service is summarized, confirming the im-provement of the accessibility and personalization of learning. The prospects for further develop-ment of educational technology using the telegram channel are proposed. The practical applica-bility of the research results is ensured by the possibility of replicating positive experience: for example, the creation of personal teacher channels based on the proposed approaches.

Annotation: The article evaluates the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast based on a comparison of the planned targets for the effectiveness of state support for small and medium- sized businesses and the results achieved so far. During the analysis, the main problems of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast were identified, such as an increase in the number of small and medium-sized businesses only at the expense of microenterprises; low number of employees employed by small and medium-sized businesses; the tendency of a significant increase in the number of self-employed citizens, in particular due to the transfer of many small and medium-sized business workers to self-employment. The article develops measures to eliminate the identified problems. The results of the study can be used to optimize and improve the effectiveness of state policy in the field of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast.

Annotation: The current issues related to the false testimony by witnesses and victims as the most common way to counteract the investigation of crimes are considered. The concept of “false testimony” (“perjury”) is analyzed in relation to the forms of counteraction to the investigation, the essence of false testimony through the prism of witness immunity is revealed and the related issues are identified. The typical motives of counteraction in relation to the investigation of certain crimes, the preliminary investigation of which is not necessary, are highlighted, while the psychological component of the motivation of victims and witnesses is highlighted. Using the example of a specific criminal case initiated by the body of inquiry on the grounds of Part 1 of Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the mechanism of the considered method of counteraction is revealed. In this regard, a key problem is identified related to the need to strengthen the evidence base in criminal cases, investigative bodies of inquiry. On the basis of the above, a conclusion is formulated on the directions for ensuring effective identification and overcoming opposition to investigations in cases of this kind. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the current issues related to criminal violence during the implementation of a preventive measure in the form of detention. One of the most serious crimes that can occur in pre-trial detention centers is undoubtedly taking hostages. This act poses an increased public danger and is associated not only with the forced detention of a person, but also with the use or threat of violence against them, the possibility of illegal escape from detention and the potential for continued criminal activity. Currently, there are 210 pre-trial deten- tion centers and 71 premises operating as pre-trial detention facilities2 located on the territory of each region of the Russian Federation within the penal system. In this regard, the study of this topic is quite relevant, as the commission of such an act not only destabilizes the operations of this correctional facility, but also necessitates the activation of the entire law enforcement apparatus in the region. In the text of the article, the Russian Fed- eration is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In modern conditions, innovation is becoming the most important factor in the sustainable development of countries. Russia lags significantly behind the world leaders in terms of innovation. This problem is aggravated by the low innovation activity of the regions, the imbalance in the development of innovations by subjects, and the lack of innovation systems in certain regions. The purpose of the study is to identify problems that hinder the development of innovations in the region and solve them through the development of a regional innovation system as a condition for the sustainable development. The methodological basis of the research was a systematic approach, including a set of methods: analysis, rating, index, historical methods. The result of the study was the clarification of the definition of the national innovation system and the forming of a functional model of the regional innovation system. The model is proposed to be considered not as a triunique system “state, university and business”, but as a unity of its 4 components, including state authorities, the education and science system, innovative entrepreneurship and innovative infrastructure. The core of this system is a person who is able to transform implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The presented functional model can serve as a conceptual basis for the forming of a regional innovation system and the development of a strategy for the development of innovative activity of the subject.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the possibilities of the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” in the forming of uni- versal competencies among cadets of military universities. The aim of the research is to ask what content and results of the study of the discipline will meet the requirements of regulatory legal documents, the realization by cadets of their internal potential and the formation of general psychological and pedagogical competence. The research uses methods of pedagogical design, forecasting and programming of the discipline’s educational material. The research methodology is based on competence-based and personal-activity approaches. The article actualizes as the main idea and main conclusion the importance of mastering discipline in the holistic personal and professional development of a cadet as a future officer. It is proved that the content of the discipline develops such universal competencies as “Systemic and critical thinking”, “Teamwork and leadership”, “Self-organization and self-development”, “Inclusive competence”. Unlike other articles that are similar in subject, an integrated and holistic approach to the forming of universal competencies among students in higher education in the dis- cipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” is recommended. The author’s recommendations on the results of training in the development of universal competencies by cadets are proposed, the pedagogical conditions for effective programming of the study of the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” are substantiated. The scope of the article is not limited to military universities, it is of interest to the organizers of psychological and pedagogical education in higher and secondary vocational education.

Annotation: This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the norms of domestic legislation on banks, the banking system of the Russian Federation and banking activities, as well as the identification of the main trends in its development. The article analyzes the amendments and additions made to the current legislation, primar- ily to the provisions of the Federal Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”, which is one of the key regulatory legal acts regulating the functioning of the Russian banking system. The article identifies the main innovations in domestic legislation on banking operations. A number of proposals is also formulated, which is aimed at clarify- ing and supplementing the conceptual apparatus used in this Law, with the aim of further improving the legal regulation of banking operations in Russia. The relevance of the study of innovations in banking legislation is beyond doubt. The explosive growth in the number of banking products offered to the public and legal entities is observed. The increasing debt burden of the population and, as a result, an increase in the total number of bankruptcy procedures for individuals forces the legislator to “hone” the basic definitions of the Law.

Annotation: The article studies the impact of the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems on the bio-geospheres of our planet. Contradiction between hydrogen energy and its environmental goals occurs already at the stage of hydrogen production. The prospect of hydrogen production from low-molecular sulfur compounds, which re- habilitates the ecology of enclosed water bodies, has been revealed. The study is based on a block diagram that reveals the dominants of interaction in the bio-geosphere of the planet during the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems. The interaction of 2 global natural mechanisms of water generation and its adsorption is revealed. It is noted that with the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems, unacceptably high gen- eration of NOx and the replacement of CO2 emissions with H2O leads to the instability of biosystems and, thus, the phenomenon of life. Therefore, the global trend of dubious decarbonization of economic systems actualizes the assessment of its impact on the sustainability of economic systems as carriers of the phenomenon of life. For this purpose, a way of formalization is proposed to create the foundations of a scientific and methodological ap- proach to assess the consistency and sustainability of economic systems in the globalization of hydrogen energy.

Annotation: The article assesses the economic implication of microscopy technologies on the global market by creating an econometric model. Microscopic technologies, including optical, electronic, scanning probe and digital micro- scopes, play a key role in stimulating innovation and productivity in various industries. However, the economic significance of these technologies has not yet been fully assessed. The aim of the study is to fill this gap by quantifying the impact of key factors, such as R&D expenditure, the number of patents filed, the level of adop- tion, government funding, technological advancements, industrial output, workforce size, and global economic growth. During the study, a comprehensive review of relevant literature has been conducted, relevant data has been collected, an econometric model has been developed and verified, regression analysis has been performed, and the results have been interpreted. The conclusions provide information on the relative significance of these factors in shaping the global market for microscopy technologies, helping policymakers, industry representa- tives, and researchers understand the economic implications of investing in and developing these technologies.

Annotation: The rapidly changing world directly affects the educational sphere. The university teaching staff constantly has to solve new psychological, pedagogical and methodological issues. Undoubtedly, teaching approaches must take into account the needs of modern students and adapt to the specificities of socio-economic and political reality. Presently, from the point of view of teaching methods, the pronunciation of native English speakers is no longer perceived as an absolute norm and a standard to follow. When teaching English as a language of international communication (lingua franca), the goal of developing phonetic skills is to achieve intelligibility of speech in professional communication and the ability to understand a wide range of accents. As practice shows, working on improving pronunciation skills of university students has a number of issues. Students should not feel uncomfort- able during pronunciation training. Today, personalization of the learning process is becoming a current trend in higher education. The article proposes the authors’ model of teaching pronunciation based on P2P method and development of an individual trajectory. The practical significance of the study is observed in the critical analysis of the experimental training conducted, and in the possibility of using the described technique when teaching a foreign language at a university.

Annotation: Over the past more than 10 years, there has been an annual decrease in the number of convicts serving sentences of imprisonment. Moreover, a decrease is observed in all categories of convicts, regardless of their gender and age. This is undoubtedly a positive trend, given the rather modest possibilities of correctional institutions for the correction of persons held in them. However, with a general decline in the number, criminal statistics indicate a continuing trend of an increase in the share of female crime both in the total volume of recorded crimes and in the number of convicts serving imprisonment. The authors of the article, among the social reasons for this negative phenomenon, pay attention to such a growing social and gender-psychological phenomenon as female masculinity, which increasingly affects the choice of violence by the weaker sex as a way to resolve conflicts. According to the authors, the time-tested classification of women into categories depending on the severity of the committed act and the recurrence of crimes should be restored. Thus, it will be possible not only to prevent criminal infection of women serving imprisonment for the first time (70 %), but also to contribute to the realiza- tion of such a goal of punishment as the restoration of social justice at the stage of execution of punishment. In its most general form, it can be formulated as: “Different for what has been done”. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The trial is the central stage of the criminal proceedings, during which all the evidence gathered during the investigation of the criminal case is examined. Quite often, forensic examinations that were carried out during the preliminary investigation are subject to thorough investigation. In the course of judicial proceedings, situations may arise where the court identifies inconsistencies in the con- clusions and research part of an examination, inconsistencies between the findings of multiple examinations, expert incompetence, and other issues that affect the thoroughness and clarity of a forensic investigation, and ultimately its objectivity. In such a situation, in order to determine the truth in a case, it is necessary to conduct additional, repeated forensic examinations as part of the trial process. The authors analyzed the judicial practice of appointing various types of forensic examinations in judicial investiga- tions. This made it possible to identify violations committed during the examinations in the course of the prelimi- nary investigation, and, therefore, to summarize the grounds for the appointment of forensic examinations within the framework of a judicial investigation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article explores the topic of formal description and normalization of the generally accepted concept of “address” in the database. The relevance of the work is due to the high degree of variability of addresses and the need to create a significant number of grammatical rules for their formal description and normalization. The article proposes an approach to summarize the rules of this description. The criterion of sets equivalence of generated address strings is formulated. A system of formal grammar rules has been developed that converts a set of address details values into a string form. The address bar is considered as a linguistic variable, the source of which is the required address, transformed according to the rules of the generative grammar. In turn, each request address is considered as the result of converting the corresponding address bar using the rules of the recognizing grammar. Using the method of logical categorization of the conversion process of a specific address, an address tree has been built, the paths of which determine the structure of each address bar. A theoretical model is proposed for the automatic conversion of a mandatory normalized address into a string form. The results obtained can be useful for designers of information systems containing address description data or interacting with them.

Annotation: The article examines the teamwork skills in medical students and the development of a pedagogical technol- ogy aimed to form the components of teamwork competence. A psychological and pedagogical experiment was conducted at the Altai State Medical University using the method of sociometric analysis in order to assess the relationship structure and the relationships its elves in the group. During the study correctional and developmen- tal work was carried out in the experimental group of students using interactive teaching methods (discussion, project work, creative group work). Short-term, middle-term and long-term perspectives (goals) were realized by specially developed educational tasks which correlated with the aim of teambuilding in the group. The result of the psychological and pedagogical experiment was an increased cohesion of the group and potential to solve group problems in a team. The proposed pedagogical technology based on interactive flexible teaching methods allows removing the limits that are naturally present in medical education: this is mainly an individual learning style when mastering a large volume of medical information. The results obtained make it possible to expand theoretical ideas about the prospects of using the potential of humanities in becoming a specialist in the field of medicine and his/her willingness to work in a team.

Annotation: The purpose of the work is to investigate the regulatory framework of aesthetic medicine. The importance and role of beauty medicine in the life of a modern person are revealed, the legislative regulation of cosmetology and plastic surgery is considered, the most significant contradictions and gaps in the regulatory regulation of relations in the studied branch of medicine are identified, its key problems that require an integrated approach for their solution are identified. The medical nature of cosmetic procedures and plastic surgeries is substantiated, due to their impact on the entire human body and the impact on its health as a whole. Opinions were expressed on Draft Law No. 580179-8 “On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"” and Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Consumer Protection”. The authors believe that the scientific doctrine of medical law is faced with the task of developing its own concept of aesthetic medicine, as well as finding new approaches to establishing legal regulation in this area. The methodo- logical basis of the research was formed by such methods of scientific research as special-legal, system-structural, logical-theoretical, comparative analysis of the study of socio-legal phenomena in their dialectical development. Proposals have been developed to improve the legal regulation of aesthetic medicine.

Annotation: The article postulates the natural commonality of geospheres, biosphere and society with its economic systems. Thus, the phenomenon of life is represented as a unidirectional self-organization of biosystems in the flow of Pri- mary energy. The task of the study is to identify possible anthropogenic strategies for managing the preservation and development of the phenomenon of life. The boundary condition of the issue is determined: the adaptation of two biosystems with different directions of self-organization and inertia under the influence of both internal and external fluctuations. A continuous cyclic process of adaptation of biosystems with statistical and bifurca- tion character is revealed. It is noted that the economic systems of society, providing the phenomenon of life, involving the resources of the geospheres and the biosphere, are hypersensitive to perturbations and adapt in the “online” mode. The identified five adaptation strategies are distinguished by natural spatial localization and combinatoriality. The proposed formalization of natural processes and the revealed patterns can form the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to the search for optimal adaptation strategies.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of preparing future teachers of the Russian language for the organization of educational and research activities of schoolchildren. The object of the study is the process of preparing stu- dents of a pedagogical university for future professional activity. The subject of the study is the preparation of students of philology to implementation of the guidelines the educational and research activities of schoolchil- dren. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey of students of the Philological Faculty of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. In addition to the expected areas of interest for university students in terms of conducting research, the survey made it possible to identify areas fr om other fields of knowledge. The results of the survey and the general experience of teachers in philology have allowed us to expand the methodologi- cal recommendations for organizing and conducting educational research for students of philology, as well as to clarify the tasks for preparing them for implementing the guidelines for schoolchildren’s research activities. The article also provides methodological techniques of work implemented in the practice of teaching a separate discipline on the basics of organizing research activities. The development of methodological approaches to the forming of research skills among future teachers of Russian language and literature can contribute to improving the effectiveness of the organization of educational research in a school environment, wh ere the teacher will act as a supervisor directing the research activity of schoolchildren.

Annotation: Over the past few years, the attention of regulators to digital assets has increased dramatically, especially after the loss of consumer confidence as a result of a number of high-profile bankruptcies of crypto companies, fraud and irrational use of customer funds which occurred on the market in 2022. The risk to market integrity indi- cates the need for a rapid and global approach to regulatory policy and supervisory system to ensure enhanced consumer protection. In this regard, the topic of this work is undoubtedly relevant. The article examines ap- proaches to the definition of digital assets, considers their classification, and analyzes current regulatory trends in diffenert countries. As a result of the study, a number of conclusions were made. First, despite the lack of a legally established and universally accepted definition of digital assets, they generally refer to anything that is stored in digital form, can be uniquely identified, and that a business can use to generate value. Second, a significant number of countries are conducting research and developing legislation to integrate digital assets, as a rule, into the existing financial services framework, paying special attention to the assurance of reliability, transparency, and the implementation of anti-money laundering and prevention of legalization of proceeds from crime. However, the rate of action, the approaches, the services and products covered, and even the definitions and terminology used remain highly disparate.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of production and consumption waste getting into the environment, which deteriorate its quality significantly. This task is multifaceted, and its solution requires systematic approach. Analysis of the waste accumulation process indicates their significant quantitative growth and the necessity to take more effective actions for their disposal. Certain opportunities for solving the issues under consideration are provided by “green” technologies and cyclical economic models, which have been introduced into practice by a number of countries and have already largely revealed the hidden potential of these resources. In order to revise the approaches to this problem, it is necessary to change its very vision and consider it from the point of view of secondary production resources, on the basis of which new efficient productions can be created. Particular attention in the work is paid to the waste related to the agricultural sector (AS). The article presents the most promising areas for secondary resources recycling. Conclusions are made about the need for a radical change in views on the production of consumer goods (using the example of the AS) and the creation of an industry infrastructure for the rapid exchange and trade in secondary raw materials.

Annotation: The article examines aspects of research, assessment and use of expert opinions at the trial stage, which have categorical and probabilistic conclusions. The authors indicate that at various stages of criminal procedural activity, the legislator has approached the use of probabilistic conclusions in judicial practice differently. The views of theorists and practitioners do not have an unambiguous approach to this issue. The case law demonstrates that probabilistic conclusions can be used in criminal evidence. However, they ac- quire evidentiary value only if the general requirements of relevance, admissibility and reliability are met, as well as taking into account the special requirement of scientific validity and in conjunction with other evidence. The point of view on the inadmissibility of a probabilistic expert conclusion as evidence in a court verdict will remain dominant for a long time. At the same time, there will be an excessive focus on categorical judgments that do not always reflect the reality and validity of the conclusions made. It seems that in such a situation, the legislator is obliged to clearly determine the admissibility or inadmissibility of an expert’s probabilistic conclu- sion as evidence in a court verdict. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The aim of the research is to determine the specifics and pathways of developing national identity of future foreign language teachers in the context of a multicultural environment at a language university, considering the modernization of higher education within the framework of the 3++ standard in the field of “Philology’’. The research is based on the postulate that the study of a foreign language can influence the development of national identity at the individual level, as in some cases it can form a competing national identity and lead to an imbalance in value hierarchy. The authors propose a system for developing national identity in students at a language university within the context of foreign language education and intercultural approach. This system encompasses the following elements: 1) a rational understanding of cultural material and critical thinking, 2) the forming of a sense of involvement in regional and local community issues, 3) the creation of patterns of civic behavior and intercultural communication. The necessity of mobilizing the cultural and linguistic experience of students is emphasized to prepare them for dialogue with representatives of equal cultures and to prevent intercultural conflicts.

Annotation: Bribery as a form of criminal behavior associated with the activities of government bodies creates a system of illegal advantages in access to power, material resources and benefits, thus excluding free market competition, violating the principles of democracy and social justice in society. The article analyzes the current state of the struggle against bribery. The official statistical data of the Judicial Department and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the state of corruption crime confirm the relevance of this issue. The increase in the number of crimes related to bribery and mediation in bribery may indicate, on the one hand, the active work of law enforcement agencies in identifying and increasing the detection of these crimes. However, it may also indicate the insufficient, weak, and ineffective preventive work of regulatory agencies. The article distinguishes between the concepts of “corruption”, “bribery”, “tampering”, reveals the methods of bribery. Problematic issues are raised regarding the distinction between bribery and related offenses, determining the subject of a bribe. Legal and other means of combating bribery are indicated. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This study examines the impact of global economic trends on Russian online retail networks and offers strategic insights for retailers. Through qualitative analysis of secondary data, including scientific literature and industry reports, key trends such as economic growth rates, trade policies, technological advances, and consumer behavior are investigated. The analysis shows that global economic fluctuations, trade policies, and technological innova- tions have a significant impact on Russian online retail. Opportunities for retailers include expanding into new markets and utilizing advanced technology. However, threats such as competition and supply chain disruptions need to be investigated thoroughly. Case studies of successful retailers provide valuable insights into effective strategies for adapting to global trends. These studies conclude with recommendations for Russian online retail- ers to improve their competitiveness. These recommendations include the introduction of advanced technologies, better understanding of consumer behavior, and addressing regulatory issues. Further research could explore specific trends or industries within the Russian online retail market.

Annotation: The study is devoted to the analysis of the deficits of students of a pedagogical university in preparation for volunteering at school. The study of the causes and factors that reduce the success of educational activities in the field of volunteering by future teachers in their interaction with schoolchildren is conducted. As a result of interviewing and surveying students of pedagogical specialties, deficiencies were identified in the field of personal motivation of students for volunteer activities and organizing it at school, which can negatively affect their further practical work in this aspect in the future. Promising areas for overcoming the identified difficul- ties in the field of training students of a pedagogical university are identified. These include the development and implementation of a special educational course in the system of professional training of future teachers to develop the skills of students to organize volunteer activities at school, the inclusion of methods of motivating volunteering in the program of this course.

Annotation: The article describes the problems of legal qualification of the actions of customers on the transfer of func- tions for the acceptance of goods supplied under a contract concluded in accordance with the legislation on the contract system in the field of procurement to meet state and municipal needs. The current situation is analyzed taking into account the current law enforcement practice. The author comes to the conclusion that there are objective prerequisites for making changes in the regulation of relations arising during procure- ment for public needs in order to streamline the practice of applying legislation on the contract system, in particular when accepting goods, works, and services. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the need for a clear delineation of the powers and responsibilities of all participants in the execution of a state contract, both on the part of the customer and on the part of the contractor. Given the close attention of regulatory and supervisory authorities to the full and timely execution of government contracts concluded as a result of procurement procedures, it is extremely important for the customer and the contractor of the state contract to flawlessly accept goods, works or services and complete final settlements within the prescribed period.

Annotation: The article explores the implicative information relations in the information field. The ambiguity of implicative information relations makes it possible to use them to build a universal methodology that can describe processes, transitions or relationships in different contexts. A technique for constructing implicative models for describing relationships and processes based on the formal apparatus of implications is proposed. Examples of the con- struction of implicative information structures are given and their interpretation is given. The difference between binary and trinary implicative constructions is shown. Implicative information constructions applicable for causal analysis are considered. The content of the antecedent, sequence and consequent in the trinitarian implication is revealed. Categorical transitions are described using implicative models. The application of implicative models in qualitative analysis is described. A new concept of “parametric implicative model” has been introduced. The principle of formal interpretability of the parametric implicative model is demonstrated, which allows for a comparative analysis of situations and objects. In this way, it helps to streamline the analysis procedures and substantiate the decisions made.

Annotation: The essence of a sustainable infrastructure project is defined as a project aimed at creating durable infrastructure facilities that are generated taking into account the ability to eliminate or reduce the adverse environmental, social and economic consequences of the project. It’s justified that in conditions of the existing investment gap, limited op- portunities for public financing, economic recession, climate crisis and social contradictions, the implementation of sustainable infrastructure projects through public-private partnership (PPP) contracts is of particular importance. The realization of such projects makes it possible to increase the volume, quality and accessibility of public goods for all groups of the population while ensuring favorable results in the format of sustainable development. It’s concluded that PPP represents an effective tool for achieving sustainable development goals and compliance with the ESG criteria in the infrastructure. The features of the creation and fulfillment of sustainable infrastructure projects PPP, external and internal environmental factors that stimulate their scale and success in the modern Russian economy are revealed.

Annotation: Currently, the importance of regulating relations related to the processing of personal data is beyond doubt: bills are considered at the legislative level, regulations are adopted, the Federal Service for Supervision of Communica- tions, Information Technology and Mass Media systematically provides thematic explanations, and personal data operators, in turn, take the necessary measures to protect them. At the same time, in practice, difficulties arise in ensuring the necessary level of security of personal data, interpretation and application of individual provisions of the legislation in the field of personal data. The article attempts to analyze the existing judicial practice on the application of individual provisions of the Federal Law “On Personal Data”. The author concludes that law enforcement agencies should be focused on developing approaches supported by reasoned conclusions regarding the consideration of cases on bringing personal data operators to responsibility for violating relevant provisions of legislation in the field of personal data. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the subjective signs of an encroachment on the life of a law enforcement officer, since the number of such acts is currently increasing, and therefore this topic is very relevant. The subject of the study is a criminal law norm that provides for liability for an encroachment on the life of a law enforcement officer. The purpose of the study is to substantiate proposals for improving legislation based on an analysis of the characteristics of the subject and the subjective side of the crime provided for in Art. 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The content of the article discusses examples from law enforcement practice on the qualification of this crime, taking into account the subjective characteristics of the crime and in accordance with judicial interpretation. The following methods were used during the research: formal logical, comparative legal, as well as analysis, synthesis, and deduction. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors made proposals to change the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in order to more accurately qualify the considered act. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes the intricate and multifaceted energy cooperation between Russia and China, using the Power of Siberia project as a case study. The author analyses the strategic partnership that results from combin- ing Russian energy resources with China’s consumption market. On the basis of a comprehensive examination of economic and political factors, the key elements that contribute to enhancing energy security and promoting economic growth in both nations are revealed. At the same time, the challenges and risks associated with such collaboration are highlighted, including the potential political instability and increased dependence. The results of the study show that in order to achieve maximum efficiency and minimize risks, careful strategic planning and flexible management of international relations are necessary. The author provides several recommendations for enhancing the energy partnership, such as diversifying energy routes and promoting joint technological innova- tion. As a conclusion, it is highlighted that successful Russian-Chinese energy collaboration has the potential to serve as a model for other international energy collaborations, contributing to global stability and prosperity.

Annotation: The article explores implicit knowledge in information retrieval. There is a tendency to increase the volume of information, including in information networks. This trend motivates research in the field of information retrieval. An increase in the volume of information leads to an increase in hidden knowledge and information uncertainty. The taxonomy of the reasons for the inadequacy of the search in the information network is given. These reasons are divided into objective and cognitive. The difference between morphological and semantic search is shown. A set-theoretic model for describing the search for information and its results is proposed. Three main types of information retrieval are described. The difference between the search for information and the search for knowledge is shown. The qualitative difference between ontological and traditional information search is shown. The reasons for the appearance of implicit knowledge in practical activities and scientific research are shown. A formal description of the ontological search, including a component of implicit knowledge, is given. The criteria for the presence of implicit knowledge, which can be obtained through an ontological search, are shown. The results of this study contribute to the development of information retrieval methods, ontological search and the identification of implicit knowledge.

Annotation: The article is devoted to analysis the current territorial structure of the global mergers and acquisitions market. The factors of transformation of the modern territorial structure of the mergers and acquisitions market are considered. It is determined that the main factors are: the level of socio-economic development of the country; the competitive advantages of the country; the currency factor; the state policy of regulating the process of merg- ers and acquisitions; the degree of internationalization, transnationalization, globalization of the economy; the foreign direct investment. Each of the factors is characterized by certain indicators, the main of which are: the volume and structure of resources; the volume of total wealth and the level of well-being; the index of global competitiveness; the number and structure of freely convertible currencies; foreign exchange reserves and their distribution between countries and regions; exchange rates and their dynamics; ways to stimulate and limit uni fication transactions; interstate agreements; the index of globalization; the geographical focus of foreign direct investment. Based on the results of the analysis, the main direction of transformation of the territorial structure of the mergers and acquisitions market has been determined.

Annotation: The article reveals the importance of applying the approach of career-guidance tours in training specialists in the direction of “Technosphere Safety”. Professions in this area are associated with emergency situations and require the acquisition of special competencies. The article considers the principles of creation and functioning of professionally oriented volunteer organizations, on the basis of which career-guidance tours are carried out for students and advanced acquaintance with the practical side of the chosen specialty is realized. The important role of integrating informal activities of students into the educational program in the direction of training is noted. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey among students. The method of comparative analysis of the obtained empirical data was used as a diagnostic tool. A comparative assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of employment of university graduates was made. High efficiency of applying the approach of career-guidance tours in training specialists in technosphere safety is noted. The results obtained can be implemented in the development of educational technologies, pedagogical methods and teaching methods at all levels of professional education.

Annotation: The article discusses scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of customs warehouse procedures in organizing cross-border electronic commerce in Russia and EAEU countries. The authors explain that for the purpose of assessing the budgetary and socio-economic effectiveness of the customs warehouse procedure, it is necessary to take into account not only export and import indicators, but also macroeconomic criteria for the effectiveness of foreign trade: GDP, consumption, customs duties and fees. To do this, it is recommended to improve the policy of collection and payment of customs tariffs when placing goods under the procedure of a customs warehouse in Russia. The positive dynamics of changes in cash flows from the introduction of new tariffs will ensure the stimulation of economic and budgetary growth in the context of state reserves of the Rus- sian Federation. The article notes that the result of the introduction of recommended evaluation indicators to measure the effectiveness of the customs warehouse procedure may be the macroeconomic stability of foreign trade operations, which can increase effective demand and stimulate the growth of customs payments.

Annotation: The article explores the category of “correspondence” in the field of information field and information modeling. The category of “correspondence” has a multifaceted nature of existence in terms of form, content, and relation- ships between objects. Correspondence can be a function, an image, a computational or logical operation, a way of transmitting information units, etc. Correspondence can be considered as a relationship, as a property between two entities, as a result of comparing information objects, as an assessment of the results of an infor- mation search. Correspondence can be procedural, semantic, morphological, structural, etc. Different types of correspondence determine the relevance of its research. The article presents a systematics of correspondences according to formal and applied features. The content of the correspondences of formal and applied meaning is revealed. Generalized properties of the category “correspondence” and its complement “nonconformity” are presented in terms of set theory and mathematical logic. The difference between full and partial correspondence is shown. It is shown that an important category of correspondence is ontological correspondence, which al- lows the formation of knowledge, and information correspondence, which is a composite correspondence in the information field. The developed foundations of the theory of correspondence between information objects are aimed at expanding and clarifying the formalized procedures of information retrieval and information modeling, and identifying implicit knowledge.

Annotation: The aim of the study is to highlight the problems associated with the features of legal regulation of internet shops as information intermediaries. The article provides a comparative analysis and identifies the features and problems of legal regulation of Internet shops as information intermediaries. The issues of defining the essence of online shops and the need to expand the responsibility of operators of digital platforms for the products sup- plied through their intermediation are raised. New ways of electronic commerce have become firmly established in everyday life, changing the “behavior” of the seller of goods, the intermediary – the online store and the buyer. The rapid, “explosive” growth in the volume of trade of electronic platforms forces the legislator to take into account the social and economic importance of regulating these legal relations. The combination of new technologies for the sale, delivery and acceptance of goods with established norms of civil legislation and, in particular, the federal law “On Consumer Protection” dictates amendments to a number of legislative acts. The methodological basis of the research was formed up of general scientific methods of cognition, formal legal, comparative legal, legal and technical methods. It is concluded that it is necessary to revise the legal regulation of the sales contract, taking into account the features of e-commerce.

Annotation: The article is focused on the study of geoinformation morphism in the geoinformation field. Despite the actual application of this approach and method, theoretical studies in this area have not been conducted. Geoinfor- mation morphism and categorical morphism have similarities and differences. Geoinformation morphism is a morphism of spatial transformations. Geoinformation morphism makes it possible to link logical relations, spatial relations, categorical relations and functional connections into a single analytical complex. The content of geoinformation morphism is revealed. The analogy between the logical square and the commutative diagram from category theory is shown. The relationship of geoinformation morphism with information morphism is shown. The content of three types of geoinformation morphism is revealed: bijective geoinformation morphism, injective geoinformation morphism, surjective geoinformation morphism. The qualitative difference in the tasks solved by these types of morphism is shown. Three types of geoinformation morphism complement each other and allow solving problems of spatial transformations. Recommendations are given for the development of the direction of research of geoinformation morphism.

Annotation: In the article, within the framework of scientific approaches, the corpus delicti was analyzed, as a result of which the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines were violently damaged. The possibilities of determining the perpetrators of this crime were explored. The concealment of information and its distortion by the world media, the silence of some members of the international community, and the refraining of some permanent and nonpermanent members of the UN Security Council from assessing this crime, as well as the failure of international decision-makers to launch an investigation at the international level, all indicate that there are attempts to create physical and geographical obstacles to the disclosure and investigation of these crimes. The study shows that this crime can be classified as a complex offense that has exposed the vulnerability of the infrastructure used to exchange goods and services through the waters of the seas and oceans. It is not covered by the direct protection of national jurisdiction, as it falls outside the sovereignty of States. The commission of such crimes can threaten not only the economic security of countries, but also their sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Annotation: In this research paper, the author raises the acute issue of depopulation of rural areas of the Russian Federation at the present time. Statistical data confirming the occurrence of depopulation process over a long period of time are presented. The author identifies the main causes of the decline of rural areas and identifies the relationship between the level of socio-economic development of rural areas and the state of the main transport infrastructure. The study confirms that a well-developed transport infrastructure acts as a catalyst for economic growth in rural areas, providing access to markets, stimulating local production and attracting investment. However, using the example of assessing the condition of highways in federal districts, it was revealed that the current quality and length of transport routes have only a minor impact on the economic growth of territories. Taking into account the specificities and needs of rural areas, an integrated approach to the development of transport infrastructure is of great importance. The author concludes that a possible solution to the problem of rural depopulation through the development of road transport infrastructure, as well as its impact on achieving a high level of food security in the country.

Annotation: The article highlights the problematic issues of conducting such an investigative action as interrogation dur ing a preliminary investigation through the use of video conferencing systems. The issues of interrogation have always been and are an urgent topic, because it occupies a special place in the system of investigative actions and there are practically no criminal cases during which interrogations would not be carried out to obtain evi- dentiary information. The author pays attention to the issues of using video conferencing during interrogations conducted with the participation of suspects accused during the preliminary investigation. The rules for the use of remote technologies during interrogation are considered, and also a number of doubts about the possibility of observing the procedural guarantees of participants during interrogation by using video conferencing systems are expressed. The article highlights the difficulties that arise when familiarizing with the protocol of an inter- rogation conducted using a video conferencing system. The author substantiates the conclusions about the need to amend and supplement the criminal procedure law in order to eliminate the identified problems.

Annotation: The article describes and suggests a mechanism for upgrading complex systems based on regeneration technology. A new concept of “component complex system” is introduced in order to highlight the high level of complexity of systems and the use of special update technologies. The article provides a systematics of component complex systems. The difference between independent component renewal and regeneration of component complex systems is shown. The conditions for the expedient application of the regeneration mechanism for component complex systems are described. When regenerating a complex system, the main criterion is the criterion of the quality of its functioning. The standards GOST R ISO/IEC 25010-2015 and ISO/IEC 25010:2011 were chosen as the basis for compliance with this criterion. These standards are based on the model of a component trinitarian system. The article provides a formal description of the information component of a complex system and a description of the procedure for its regeneration. For comparison, a formal description of the additive system is given. The research results provide an alternative to reengineering technologies. They can find application in the moderni- zation of information systems and information services, implemented on the basis of modern methods and tools.

Annotation: This article examines the compatibility of the lean manufacturing concept with Industry 4.0 technologies. The author analyzes the transition to the new fourth industrial revolution, what are its characteristics and how it interacts with the concept of “lean production”. Both Lean Manufacturing and the Fourth Industrial Revolution have the common goal of increasing production efficiency, but they use different types of tools and methods to achieve it. On the basis of the research, a summary table of the compatibility of individual tools of this concept with Industry 4.0 technologies was compiled. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding the methods of both systems in achieving high results in international commercial activities associated with a particular type of production, as well as the combination of two concepts to extract maximum benefits in the context of chang- ing general conditions under the influence of the fourth industrial revolution. The study may be useful for top managers, scientists, specialists in the field of personnel management and production processes, crisis managers and practitioners interested in the development of production process management systems.

Annotation: This study examines the impact of search engine optimization (SEO) on regional sales and business performance, using the Sushiset case study as a focal point. The study highlights the significant role of search engine optimiza- tion algorithms in enhancing visibility, driving traffic, and ultimately increasing revenue and profitability. The research begins with an initial assessment of Sushiset’s SEO performance, followed by a detailed analysis of implemented strategies including keyword research, on-page and off-page optimization, content creation, tech- nical enhancements, and local SEO. The project also explores the financial implications of these SEO efforts, showcasing an increase in revenue by 40 % and profit by 80 %, alongside a reduction in customer acquisition costs by 40 %. These results underscore the effectiveness of SEO in achieving substantial financial growth and improving marketing efficiency. The study is concluded by discussing the broader implications of these findings for global economic contexts and offers practical recommendations for businesses aiming to leverage SEO strate- gies for regional market expansion. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for exploring emerging SEO trends, the integration of advanced analytics, and the refinement of SEO algorithms to sustain competitive advantage. This research contributes valuable insights into the economic significance of SEO and provides actionable strategies for optimizing business performance in a digital landscape.