Annotation: The article offers a general description of the dynamic forms of artificial intelligence (AI) as an innovative factor in the systemic transformation of the modern economy. An assumption is made about the possible emergence of a conditional fourth stage of AI development (the stage of “digital cognitive plasma”), based on the superpowers of neural networks, in interaction with big knowledge, in the field of expanded reproduction of both the system of implicit and explicit knowledge. The contradictory consequences of the influence of artificial intelligence on the human capital of an economic entity are analyzed within the framework of the dichotomy “creativity – labor”. The conclusion is substantiated about the continuous reduction in the share of “live” creativity in the system of general forms of innovative relations, in favor of the “creativity” of AI technologies. The modern specificity is revealed and alternative consequences of the digital transformation of the human capital market are characterized in the context of the current stage of domestic socio-economic development. The negative effects of the influence of AI on the dynamics of demand for domestic human capital and the forms of its supply, caused by the features of the development of relevant regional, industry, monopoly and international economic relations, are shown. An interdisciplinary list of the main arguments for and against the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the modern economy is proposed.

Annotation: The article describes the systemic problems of forming the HR brand of higher education institutions in the context of current trends in the labor market and educational services. Attention is focused on the key compo- nents of the HR brand of higher education institutions. The features of competitive selection for the position of a scientific and pedagogical worker in a higher educational institution are highlighted, and a way is proposed to increase the effectiveness of this procedure for the participants of the competition. Experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate students’ ideas about the working conditions of the teaching staff and their preferences as future specialists in the field of education on the basis of the Branch of the private educational institution of higher education “Moscow Witte University” in Ryazan. Based on the results of the survey, the main directions for attracting young scientists and specialists to scientific and pedagogical activities at the university have been identified. The analysis of the causes of professional burnout of scientific and pedagogical staff of universities as one of the factors influencing the HR brand forming for the university is carried out. An approach to the differentiation of the content of teachers’ work is considered, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of their activities. The practical significance of this research is aimed at improving the HR brand of higher edu- cation institutions, which will contribute to creating a positive image of them, attracting graduates to work at universities, and increasing competitiveness in the field of educational services.

Annotation: The article explores the problem of digital behavior among students and young people. Attention is paid to the components of digital behavior, its differences from behavior in the real world are considered, and the impact of digital behavior on real processes and relationships is shown. The phenomenon of digital culture is studied, and the dependence of digital behavior on the level of digital culture is traced. The content of the concept of ‘digital addiction’ is described, its negative characteristics affecting the development of cognitive abilities and the choice of behavioral strategies – real and virtual – are revealed. The positive and negative consequences of digital behavior stipulated by the simultaneous existence of an individual in the real and virtual world are analyzed. The role of cyber illusions on the process of forming of digital addiction and digital behavior is shown, the risks of extrapolation of virtual entities into the natural environment are traced, leading to profound transformations of consciousness and social actions of young people. It is noted that behavior and communication in the space of the Internet and social networks are characterized by their inconsistency and unpredictability, which affects the social and psycho-emotional states and moral attitudes of individuals.

Annotation: The article is devoted to relevant issues of healthcare transformation in modern conditions of digitalization and widespread implementation of information technologies. The article contains a comprehensive view demonstrat- ing the forming of digital systems in the field of healthcare through the creation of a national digital platform for the interaction of all healthcare participants. Digital transformation implies a change in the nature of interac- tion between three main categories – medical institutions, doctors and patients. The introduction of technology increases the level of “digital maturity” of the healthcare industry and stimulates domestic manufacturers of medical equipment and software. The article presents the dynamics of investments in Russian digital healthcare and provides an analysis of the state financial and economic support for the digital healthcare platform. The structure of the republican budget expenditures on healthcare of the Eurasian Economic Union allows for a comparative analysis of the participating countries not only by year, but also in comparison with each other. As a result, conclusion has been drawn indicating the need for further development of digital technologies to integrate healthcare into a modern innovative environment.

Annotation: The article presents the results of a study of the structure of educational motivation of students studying in the psychological and pedagogical area, with varying degrees of expression of their social creativity. In order to implement the study, such psychodiagnostic methods as “Determining the social creativity of a personality” by N.P. Fetiskin and “Studying the motives of students’ learning activities” by A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin were used. The single-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion and the nonparametric U-Mann-Whitney criterion were used as methods of mathematical and statistical analysis. The study involved 42 respondents. In order to achieve the goals of the study, three groups of respondents with different levels of social creativity were identified from the sample. The hypothesis of the existence of statistically significant differences in the structure of educational motivation of respondents with different levels of social creativity was fully confirmed, and the specificity of the structure of educational motivation of each group of respondents was revealed. The results of the study can be used in organizing psychological support for students of psychology departments, as well as in developing relevant courses and disciplines.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that the digital transformation of the banking business has allowed customers around the world to reach a new level of accessibility and convenience, but this change has been followed by a number of new threats in the field of cybersecurity. Financial institutions must be prepared for the threats posed by intruders, who are constantly developing new strategies to take advantage of the short- comings of banking systems. The purpose of the work is to study potential cyber threats existing in the banking sector in order to develop methods for their identification and counteraction. The article shows the difference in the concepts of cyber threat, cyber-attack, and cyber representation. The types of cyber risks in the banking sector have been studied. Significant examples of cyber-attacks on Russian banks are analyzed. Based on the conducted research, the directions of minimizing cyber threats in the Russian banking sector are presented. It is noted in the article that despite the constant emergence of new and improved old methods of cyber-attacks, knowledge of the types of threats can significantly reduce their implementation with the right security controls, which gives organizations a higher level of cyber resilience.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problem of training students of a pedagogical university for their future profession. The purpose of the study is to find effective methodological techniques for working with students in the practice of conducting a cycle of educational events “Conversations about the Important Things”. The object of the study is the process of preparing future teachers to carry out educational activities in the conditions of a modern school. The subject of the study is the acquisition by students of the experience of conducting classes within the framework of the “Conversations about the Important Things” project. The article presents the results of experi- mental work with 3rd year students of the Philological Faculty. The article outlines the conceptual foundations of teaching the course to future teachers, highlights the main problems that arise in the practice of conducting classes. Students’ acquisition of experience in conducting educational and upbringing activities can contribute to more successful implementation of such classes within the framework of the upcoming pedagogical practice, in the long term - in future professional activities related to the training and education of schoolchildren. The materials presented in the article may be of interest to students and teachers of higher education institutions, representatives of methodological associations.

Annotation: In the context of the complicated international situation, the comprehensive and multifaceted support of com- patriots living abroad has become particularly important for the Russian Federation. The pro-Russian views are strongest among the patriotic activists of the Cossacks abroad. The article discusses the issues of spiritual, moral and patriotic education of the foreign diaspora of the Russian world. The article reveals the specifics of the forming of spiritual and moral values among Russians living abroad. The features of educational activities that allow us to form traditional spiritual and moral values and national Russian culture among members of the Russian Diaspora are considered. The main educational resources for the forming of spiritual and moral values of Cossacks abroad are identified and described. The historical and cultural features that contribute to the stability of the patriotic worldview of Cossacks abroad are highlighted. The theoretical significance of the conducted research consists in a comprehensive analysis of many factors that positively or negatively affect the main ideological orientations of pro-Russian citizens of the near and far abroad. The practical significance of the research results lies in enriching pedagogical practice with an understanding of the specifics of patriotic education of compatriots living abroad.

Annotation: This article examines the current state of the processes of financing, creation and functional purpose of univer- sity campuses in Russia. The author presents data on the availability and dynamics of costs for the creation of infrastructure facilities in new campuses, including the amount of funding for the construction of academic and residential buildings of universities, research laboratories and leisure centers. The article defines the role of budget investments as the highest priority source of financial support for the construction of university campuses in Russia, as a result of which calculations of the effectiveness of investments in educational and specialized infrastructure are presented. The use of the results of the comparative analysis allowed the author of the article to formulate a conclusion about the need to use such a form of financing projects for the creation and operation of campuses as a public-private partnership. Based on studies of the structure of costs, incomes and investments, the article provides a justification for the expediency of financial investments by the state and private investors in projects of Russian student campuses.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the relevant problem of socio-cultural and psychological adaptation of foreign students entering Russian universities. The importance of adaptation is determined by its stable correlation with further education, its effectiveness. Based on the included observation and generalization of their own pedagogical experience, the authors of the article attempted to analyze the features of the adaptation process, which is an integral component of academic migration, and also described the tools developed for its mitigation. The results of the survey among foreign students based on the author’s questionnaire made it possible to establish the rela- tionship between the level of adaptation and the level of proficiency in the English and Russian languages. The authors of the article come to the conclusion about the demand for English language and the need to popular- ize its usage in the academic environment in the context of intensification of academic mobility processes. The quest game in English developed and tested by the authors is an effective tool for primary integration into a new cultural environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed tools for adaptation of foreign students in various educational institutions.

Annotation: The study examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the reliability of counterparties. Economic relations are becoming increasingly complex and diverse in the modern world. Companies interact with a large number of suppliers, clients and other partners. In this regard, there is a need to assess the reliability of potential counterparties in order to minimize the risks associated with joint activities. The relevance of this procedure for potential partners is to ensure the economic security of the business. The work provides the author’s definition of the term “unscrupulous” counterparty, and highlights its distinctive features. The scientific article proposes two author’s algorithms for checking counterparties for their reliability: independent and using modern automated system products. As an example of a modern automated system product, the author considers the functional capabilities of the ecosystem for managing the Saby Profile business within the framework of counterparty verification. The author’s conclusions contribute to the systematization of approaches to conducting counterparty verification for their reliability in order to protect against financial risks.

Annotation: The article presents research on the optimization of small language models for efficient generation of SQL queries in conditions of limited computing resources of educational institutions. The objective of the study is to develop and implement optimization methods aimed at reducing the requirements for computing resources while main- taining high accuracy of SQL query generation. The methodology is based on an integrated approach, including quantization of model parameters, optimization of weight coefficients and adaptation of the dictionary to the subject area. The empirical base includes Spider, CoSQL benchmarks and a specialized DSBInf (Data Solutions Business Intelligence) dataset of 3424 queries. The developed SQL_DS_60M_ft model (a model for generating responses based on a structured query language), based on the CodeS architecture, demonstrates significant improvements: a 33 % reduction in size, a 1.4-fold increase in processing speed and an 18 % decrease in RAM usage while maintaining 65.0 % accuracy. Practical implementation of the model in the educational process showed an increase in learning efficiency by 35–40 % when working with databases and business analytics.

Annotation: The progressive generation of anthropogenic wastes that degrade the biological viability of the carriers of the phenomenon of life is postulated. It is noted that the current level of waste recycling is 2 times lower than the threshold of sustainability with a progressive downward trend. The catastrophic situation with the disposal of the progressive volume of anthropogenic waste and attempts to resolve it indicate the failure of institutional functionalism. Therefore, the task is reduced to the management of the utilization of anthropogenic waste in socio-economic systems as carriers of institutional functionalism. In order to solve the problem, anthropogenic waste is defined as multicomponent, heterogeneous and anisotropic systems with physicochemical and biologi- cal chaos. The trend of transition of anthropogenic waste structures to the nanoscale level is revealed, which devalues the efforts to sel ect them. It is shown that the deposition and heat treatment of waste is another “multibillion dead end”, aggravated by the fundamental lack of scientifically substantiated permissible burdens on the phenomenon of life as a whole. Therefore, waste recycling is defined as a criterion for the resistance of the phenomenon of life to endogenous and exogenous disturbances. Recycling is implemented in the “Shapovalov model of nanodestruction”, which was awarded an international award back in 2009: “destruction of waste matter into nano-sized particles and the forming of a marketable product fr om it”. Waste recycling by nanode- struction forms a fundamentally new nature of social self-organization based on closed circulation of matter. Negative feedback is generated, compensating for the growth of waste by the growth of resource potential. The basis for the creation of highly efficient both production facilities and individual devices for recycling waste by nanodestruction is revealed. The tectonic democracy of equality of all in the eye of natural truths formed the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to waste recycling management in socio-economic systems by the circulation of matter. The proposed scientific and methodological approach initiates the resolution of the progressive degradation of the biological consistency of the phenomenon of life at the state level.

Annotation: The article describes the key aspects of the secure storage of organizational data in the modern world. The most common threats such as social engineering, configuration vulnerabilities, and insider attacks are discussed. The analysis of existing approaches to secure data storage in terms of software and hardware and their functional interaction in the information security system is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, a prototype application was built using existing approaches and minimal risk of data leakage. Practical recommendations on choosing key ways to securely store data are presented. A methodology for projecting a secure environment based on a comprehensive review of technical, organizational and regulatory aspects is proposed. The novelty of the result obtained lies in the forming of a new multi-layered approach to data protection, including a single standard for the interaction of services. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of direct application of the proposed methods within industrial systems, which will increase the level of security and reliability of confidential information processing.

Annotation: The article provides a comparative analysis of the investment policies of the Russian Federation and a number of countries with significant experience in countering the sanctions regime in order to identify the key principles and mechanisms for successful adaptation of national economies to external restrictions. The cases of Iran, China, Myanmar, Venezuela and Russia are examined. It has been established that the key factors in economic sustainability under sanctions are geographical diversification of foreign economic relations, liberalization of economic policy to attract foreign investment, and balanced use of raw material exports. The analyzed success- ful strategies of the countries showed that their key elements were long-term planning, development of domestic production capacities and establishment of multilateral international partnerships. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of state policy to counter sanctions pressure, in particular, in the forming of a strategy for foreign economic activity, improvement of the investment climate, and determination of technological policy.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the theoretical conceptualization of data as a commodity. A comprehensive view of data is proposed: as a resource, a product, and a commodity. Special attention is paid to the economic nature of the data, identifying the essential characteristics of their usefulness and value. The author’s approach to data classification is proposed. The trend of data market forming is noted due to the spread of the view of data as a commodity. The main categories of consumers who are willing to pay for the data have been identified. The issue of Data Mining as a tool for processing data was raised. The role of Raw Data in creating data as a commodity with the highest value and usefulness for the con-sumer is emphasized. A debatable question about the attribu- tion of personal data to a product is presented. The statistical assessment of Russians’ willingness to share their personal data is analyzed. The main goals of companies in the use of data are studied. The desire of companies to integrate access to data from various sources in order to obtain different information for their activities is noted.

Annotation: The level of requirements for information processing is continuously increasing and therefore, the methods of its processing are also changing. Widely used structural modeling methods are object-topological, which limits their application to spatial objects. The article examines the problems of constructing structures in the information field. The information field is formed as a reflection of objects and processes of reality in the form of informa- tion images. The article proposes an integrative approach that uses the properties of the information field in combination with aggregative and stratification approaches. The integrative approach is based on the principle of forming aggregates or information layers. Each information layer is an aggregate that contains categorically and qualitatively similar information images. The structural scheme is formed on the basis of the composition of information layers. The integrative approach ensures comparability of schemes for different objects and patterns within the information field. The proposed approach can be considered as a variant of qualitative and quantita- tive analysis of the modeled objects. The proposed integrative approach makes it possible to solve the problems of clear and fuzzy structure construction, for example, the construction of clear and fuzzy cognitive maps.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is determined by significant educational losses, largely related to the process of digitali- zation, which inevitably entails significant technocratization, bureaucratization, formalization and alienation of the content of both secondary and higher education in Russia from those who acquire it. The object of the research is the teaching of a general philosophy course to students of higher educational institutions of non-philosophical areas and training profiles in modern educational conditions. The subject of the research is the study and teaching in the general philosophy course of the main ideas of the two most important historical and philosophical figures who set the timeless basic content of such a form of spiritual culture of mankind as philosophy – Socrates and Plato. The purpose of the work is a pedagogical demonstration that, depending on the specifics of teaching phi- losophy, it can be made both repulsive and attracting the cognitive interest of the student audience. The research methods are deductive and inductive conclusions, analogical conclusions, idealization, abstraction, pedagogical observation and empirical generalization, comparative analysis and thought experiment. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the substantiation of a kind of “pedagogical theorem” that a simple, clear and re- alistic presentation of any material greatly increases the level of educational interest of the student audience and the degree of learning effectiveness. The application area of the research results is ideological heuristics, philo- sophical enlightenment, teaching philosophy and other social and humanitarian disciplines in higher education.

Annotation: The article analyzes the market of services for maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, describes the features of the activities of enterprises related to the nature of the services provided, requirements for the organization of work and interaction with the client base. Due to the high competition in the industry and the technological complexity of the operation of modern cars, the study presents an analysis of promising areas of activity in the market for maintenance and repair of motor vehicles. The level of demand for maintenance and repair of motor vehicles depends on both internal and external factors. Individual factors affecting demand are interdependent values, which has an increasing effect on the dynamics of demand. Since an enterprise for its normal functioning needs not implementation of well thought out and competently built marketing policy only in the area of online promotion and advertising, but also creation of a positive reputation based on positive customer reviews, the article presents an analysis of trends in the market of maintenance and repair of motor vehicles.

Annotation: In the context of globalization and technological change, the platform as a form of employment not only provides new employment opportunities but also poses a number of challenges to workers and the state, such as lack of stability, legal guarantees and social protection. The subject of research in this scientific article is the problems faced by employees and employers in the context of platform employment, as well as its impact on the labor market and legal regulation. The author analyzes the essence of platform employment, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its impact on the labor market, which made it possible to identify key problems and develop directions for improving regulation of this area. The prospects for the development of platform employment in Russia are presented, which is important for the formation of effective government policy and protection of the interests of workers in the digital economy. As a result of the research, the understanding of platform employment as a new phenomenon in the labor market has been deepened, and an emphasis has been placed on the formation of a more effective and fair system of labor relations in Russia.

Annotation: The article analyzes the problems faced by students of generation Z in the forming of foreign language reading competence. Theoretical approaches to the problem of forming a culture of reading in a foreign language are summarized. As a way to involve students of generation Z in reading activities, a student-centered individual reading program in English is offered, aimed at forming a reading culture for 1st–2nd year students of the uni- versity. The three-stage educational model of critical thinking development technology (challenge – comprehen- sion – reflection) is used to organize students’ activities related to individual reading during the semester. The methodology of competence-based educational practices aimed at the forming of students’ autonomy through active and interactive methods is used to enhance the learning potential of the program. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which promotes the intellectual and emotional immer- sion of students in an independently selected authentic work of art and the forming of motivation to read in the process of active communication about what they have read.

Annotation: The role of corporate volunteering in Russia, which helps strengthen the social responsibility of business and achieve national development goals, is increasing from year to year. In recent years, there has been a signifi- cant increase in the number of companies implementing such programs, which reflects the desire of businesses to contribute to solving social and environmental problems of the country. The object of the study is corporate volunteering as a socially significant activity of organizations. The article examines the historical process of the emergence of corporate volunteering. A study of the concept of “corporate volunteering” was conducted, the goals and objectives of this type of activity were identified. The author assessed the role and benefits of corporate volunteering for companies and employees. The article also considers the forms of implementation of corporate volunteering in Russia. The article examines the legal and organizational restrictions on the development of corporate volunteering in Russia. The article provides an in-depth analysis of corporate volunteering as an element of corporate social responsibility of a factor in the sustainable development of organizations and society. The influence of corporate volunteering on the socio-economic development of regions and organizations was revealed. In light of these ideologies, the author developed recommendations for the development of corporate volunteering programs in Russian companies, with the help of which it is possible to increase the social responsi- bility of business, strengthen the internal corporate culture and create effective strategies for involving employees in volunteer activities, which will have a positive impact on the sustainable development of organizations.

Annotation: The article reveals the specifics of the socio-humanitarian expertise of future education in the context of the NBICS revolution (nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive and sociotechnologies) and the development of metatechnology of artificial intelligence. Social and humanitarian expertise of this type reveals the existential and eschatological dimensions of techno-innovations. The probabilistic nature of the results of social and humanitarian expertise is due to the fact that experts rely not on facts, but on archetypes, models, scenarios that allow identifying emerging trends and are the basis for decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, polyvariability, and nonlinearity of the future. The work compares the main scenarios of the future of education – techno-optimism and techno-pessimism. The importance of social and humanitarian expertise as a foresight of anthropological and educational risks generated by the autonomous development of artificial intelligence and its possible transformation into a subject of cognition is substantiated. The key risks are associated with the onset of the post-human era, threatening the existence of natural intelligence, and the destruction of education as an anthropological space.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the potential of introducing digital technologies into the system of social and labor relations in higher education at the industry level. Structurally, the article consists of an analysis of quantitative indicators characterizing social and labor relations in the field of higher education. Based on the results of the analysis, it is shown that the higher education sector is characterized by imbalances associated with a decrease in the number of employees, aging of the teaching staff and low rates of wage indexation, lag- ging behind the rate of inflation. In our opinion, the improvement of the social and labor relations management system is associated with the introduction of digital technologies into the organizational processes of higher education organizations. The article shows that the field of higher education has a great potential for introducing digital technologies into organizational and socio-labor processes through the creation of a digital management platform at the federal level. This management system could incorporate functionality that, among other things, would relate to the management of social and labor relations.

Annotation: The article analyzes the state of the legal culture of the Russian Federation in the modern period. It also dis- cusses the main terminological features related to the definition of the concept of legal culture and the structural elements included in it. In addition, the problems associated with the insufficiently high level of legal culture among citizens of the Russian Federation in modern realities are identified and analyzed. The data of sociological surveys of young people about public institutions that have the most influence on the growth of the legal culture of society are presented. The article emphasizes that in the processes of interaction between the state and soci- ety, the modernization of the legal policy of the state – the use of information technologies – contributes to the improvement of the level of legal culture of the Russian population. Such an “electronic State” extends not only to the sphere of public administration, but also covers public relations. Further in the article the current state of the legal culture of the Russian population are revealed, and ways to solve the problem of not having a sufficient level of its development are identified. Based on the conducted work, a conclusion was also made that charac- terizes the relevance and importance of improving the legal culture for the further development of the country.

Annotation: The subject of the study is Russian integration into global production chains (GPC) through diversification of non-resource non-energy exports (NNE). The aim of the work is to develop a strategy to strengthen Russian position in the GPC, considering the current geopolitical tensions. Special attention is paid to the stimulation of the national non-resource sector by the raw material industries. The study is based on the analysis of the interim results of the “International cooperation and export” program, which showed the continued relevance of diversification of NNE and the need to revise the existing approaches. At the same time, an assessment of the degree of Russian integration into GPC for the period 2014–2024 was carried out based on the analysis of World Bank and World Trade Organization studies. The conclusion is drawn on the dominance of upward participation over downward participation. Based on the results of the study, a comprehensive strategy for the greater integration of the country into global production chains has been developed. The strategy is based on the conclusion that Russia, as a significant global exporter of raw materials, has the potential to effectively use this advantage by creating infrastructure focused on deep processing of raw materials and production of high value-added products.

Annotation: The article examines the specificities of education in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Af- fairs of the Russian Federation. The main characteristics of the socio-educational environment of an educational organization are highlighted: value orientations, interaction of environmental subjects, realization of personal needs. The conditions influencing the formation of the socio-educational environment of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are considered: the inclusion of students in educational and professional activities with the realization of the educational potential of academic disciplines and the subject environment of faculties; identification of interests and abilities of cadets, organization of creative activities, cultural, educational and sports activities; information support of educational work. The necessity of information and educational activi- ties of course supervisors, officers of departments and teachers in the development of critical thinking, as well as on countering the negative influence of the media on students, is substantiated. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the need for organizational and methodological filling of the socio-educational environment of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with interactive forms of educational work involving interpersonal communication, cooperation and interaction. The results of the study have practical value for the command and teaching staff of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and can be applied to improve the quality of professional education of police officers.

Annotation: The article is devoted to topical issues of the forming and development of family law as an independent branch of Russian law. The authors consider the period of the IX–XVIII centuries in the context of the forming of family norms. The relevance of this topic is due to the importance of the family as a fundamental social institution. Much attention is currently being paid to the preservation of the traditional family values of our state. The effective operation of legal norms in this area guarantees the protection of the interests of members of each individual family. Therefore, the purpose of the authors of this article is: to identify the main directions of the development of marital and family relations in this period; to show how the basic norms and institutions that formed domestic family law were formed throughout the history of Russia; to analyze how the studied historical stage influenced the development of Russian family law. During of the study, historical, comparative legal, and formal legal methods were applied. The authors conclude about the natural development of marital and family relations in this period, about the role of the studied norma- tive legal acts in the forming of family law in Russia.

Annotation: The article analyzes the effectiveness of team competitive events within the framework of project-based learning. The subject of research is the organizational and methodological aspects of hackathons and ideaathons in the context of higher education. The study is based on the experience of preparation and implementation of such events at Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University. Definitions are given, types, formats of organization and holding of competitive events in the field of information technology are considered. Examples of tasks and winning projects are presented. Factors influencing the quality of hackathons and ideaathons, as well as their relationship with expected results are investigated. The results of monitoring the satisfaction of participants of hackathons and ideaathons based on a survey and questionnaire are presented. Options for increasing motivation and attracting potential participants are proposed. The impact of such events on the forming and development of students’ universal and professional competencies is analyzed. The issue of including hackathons and ideaathons in the educational process of universities is discussed.

Annotation: The paper describes the normative provisions that have appeared in Russian information regulations in recent years and are characterized by a special range of subjects, grounds, sources and content of responsibility measures. The analysis of such regulatory frameworks made it possible to reveal a new approach to legal regulation, which takes into account the economic and technical nature of Cyberspace. Due to this, we assess the effectiveness of information and legal measures to be higher than that of classical types of legal responsibility in cross-border and anonymous cyberspace. Along with the application of measures by public authorities to influence information legal relations subjects, we have also noted the practice of business entities applying such measures, in particular, individuals who own or manage digital platforms. This allows us to establish the possibility of categorizing contractual information and legal responsibility. At the same time, the wide range of subjects involved in relations developing in cyberspace, along with a num- ber of other pressing issues in information law, contribute to inconsistencies in the application of information and legal measures. We consider this circumstance as an additional argument in favor of the codification of information legislation.

Annotation: The article describes the features of macro-regions as subjects of meso-level economic regulation and their place in achieving strategic goals of spatial development. It is shown that the institutional structure of macroregions within the strategic planning system does not allow them to function as a coherent entity. A set of problems has been identified that prevent macro-regions from becoming full-fledged participants in the state policy of regional development, which include the lack of development of their status, lack of subjectivity, the presence of other macro-territories represented by federal districts, which leads to the “duplication” of participants at the meso- level of spatial regulation organization. The conclusion is made about the rather formal nature of macro-regional strategies aimed at ensuring the interaction of regional economies within the socio-economic space of a country, as their goal-setting is not supported by adequate institutions, resources, and tools. Proposals have been made to clarify conceptual approaches to the development of strategic documents for macroregions, in order to establish a logical relationship with the strategies of federal subjects and fill them with specific content and indicators. This will increase the functional capabilities of meso-territories in ensuring the unity of the economic space.

Annotation: Digital technologies have long and firmly entered our lives, but recently the emphasis of their application has been shifting. The object of research in this article is digital education, and the subject is the scenarios of using digital technologies within it. The article describes the results of the study of the learning process using digital and information technologies. The main directions of their effective use in the educational sphere are outlined, negative aspects of quick access to digital information for students are noted. The process is considered from the point of view of educational environment and application of digital and information technologies. The scenarios of using digital technologies in the educational process are presented: face-to-face training with the use of digital tools and technologies, distance learning, blended learning. The analysis of practical application of the scenarios is given, the assessment of positive and negative experience of using digital technologies in professional activity is given, including on the basis of questionnaire survey of teachers of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Annotation: The article studies the impact of a decent life of an individual on improving the quality and effectiveness of the national innovation system (NIS) in the context of modern threats to sustainable socio-economic development. A new “six-pronged” NIS model has been developed and substantiated, including a dignified person, civil society, the rule of law, science, education and entrepreneurship. The high production capacity and efficiency of the new NIS has been revealed, which consists in a full cycle of innovation creation: from implicit knowledge to the final product of personal and productive consumption. The proposed algorithm for the functioning of the new NIS within the framework of the appropriate mechanism of public-private partnership in optimizing cen- tralized planning and market self-regulation is considered. A new parametric model of NIS is proposed, based on the paradigm of a decent life for an individual and meeting the requirements of expanded reproduction of large-scale and radical innovations. The general outline of a new political economic model of decent living and modernization of the economy as a disciplinary matrix of qualitative renewal of the NIS in the conditions of the sixth technological order and the requirements of ensuring economic security has been developed. The increas- ing role of the public sector of the economy as the most important source of implicit knowledge and, hence, the cognitive basis of NIS is justified.

Annotation: This article analyzes the events, actions and facts in the history of Kievan Rus, part of which became the territory of the Moldavian Principality, after its formation. These events and facts became the key and the basis of the good relations of the Moldavian Principality and the Moscow Kingdom, which ended with the establishment of the citizenship of the Moscow Kingdom over the Moldavian Principality. The purpose of this study is to form a scientific historical and legal framework proving the objectivity and pattern of such a historical and legal fact. The task of the study is to analyze facts from various sources of domestic, Moldavian and Romanian authors, reflecting the activities of secular and spiritual authorities in the rapprochement of the Moldavian Principality and the Moscow Kingdom in the 17th century. In the course of the study, general scientific and special research methods were used – systemic, analysis and synthesis, logical, historical, interpretation. As a result of the study, it was proved that it was during this period of time that the first normative act in the history of bilateral relations was signed, which established the official citizenship of the Moscow Kingdom over the Moldavian Principality.

Annotation: The most important strategic task of the Russian higher education system is to train personnel for the needs of the digital stage of development. Despite the popularity of information professions and the growing demand for IT education, Russia is experiencing a significant shortage of IT specialists of various levels of training. The study identified the main institutional and competent imbalances in the IT training system, which made it possible to identify a set of factors that have a cumulative effect that has accumulated over a number of previous years and prove the inflexibility and low responsiveness of Russian academic educational institutions to the urgent re- quirements of systemic digitalization. It is concluded that the non-use of the potential of Russian universities, the inability of the education system to adapt as quickly as possible to the new digital reality in terms of increasing the training of demanded IT specialists, the separation from the needs of real practice leads to a deceleration in the processes of information transformation and objectively casts doubt on the achievement of Russia’s digital maturity in the medium term.

Annotation: The study examines the specifics of the National Innovation System (NIS) of the Russian Federation. The author emphasizes that in modern conditions of sanctions pressure, the NIS of a country determines technological sov- ereignty. The rationale for the relevance of the topic is provided, which is based on statistical data. Based on the analysis of indicators (innovation activity, index of inventive activity), negative trends in innovation activity are identified. The variety of approaches to the definition of the concept of “NIS” is characterized. The influence of all these approaches on the development of the NIS of the Russian Federation is stated. The conclusion is made about the importance of the “national” specifics of NIS. According to the author, the specific features of the na- tion (mentality) significantly complement the factors that determine the intellectual activity of personnel in the innovation system and, as a result, the intellectual activity of NIS, which ensures the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation. The modern features of NIS are highlighted: acceleration of STP, structural reconstruc- tion, intellectualization of personnel, humanization of management. The importance of the spiritual and moral essence of innovation reproduction as a modern specificity of the intellectual activity of NIS is emphasized. A new interpretation of the definition of “NIS” is proposed. The author’s conclusions collectively contribute to the systematization of research activities, the definition of a new emphasis on the development of effective manage- ment solutions in order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation.

Annotation: The article describes the features of legal regulation of the use of programs with artificial intelligence to ensure security and control of society using the example of the Russian Federation, the EU and the UK. The issue of the relationship between the use of person tracking systems using personal identification methods and the im- plementation of the right to privacy of a person’s personal life was considered in the research separately. The relevance of this topic is due to the rapid development of information technology in the world. Scientific novelty is determined by the comparative short history of legal relations arising from the development, use and control of the use of artificial intelligence by individuals and legal entities, as well as states. The common methods of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of participants in legal relations, developed over the centuries by states, have little applicability due to the use of artificial intelligence capabilities without taking into account territorial borders.

Annotation: The article discusses the problem of the shortage of qualified specialists in the field of general aviation. The analysis of the reasons for the need to improve the system of professional forming and development of general aviation specialists is carried out. The basic principles of an integrated multi-level system of training qualified specialists are defined and substantiated, and a variant of its implementation is proposed. The authors pay special attention to the importance of career guidance for students at the stage of education in a general education organization, as well as to the provision of practical work opportunities for students at higher educational insti- tutions and industries. The mentoring method is considered as a mechanism for transferring unique experience to a new generation of general aviation specialists. The need for continuous training and advanced training of specialists to meet the rapidly changing requirements of the industry is noted. In general, the article offers a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of training qualified personnel in the field of small aircraft, covering all key stages of education and professional activity of specialists in the current area.

Annotation: The article examines the prerequisites for the forming of professional legal awareness of medical workers and doctors, in particular, as legally significant entities making decisions that affect the life and health of patients. The author draws attention to the general trends in the forming of legal awareness in Russia, in particular, such trends among young people and young people in universities. The researcher critically evaluates the results of the study of the educational process in relation to schoolchildren and applicants, pointing out the dubiousness of the indicators of knowledge growth, since the level of the required material and its depth are not taken into account, the narrow focus of preparation for admission to the university only in the assigned subjects and the lack of figures reflecting the general education of applicants are not taken into account. The issue is raised that all these trends and factors, in a particular case, affect the level of legal awareness and legal culture: both in society as a whole and in professional communities, in particular. Having such a basis, the professional con- sciousness of a medical worker is undoubtedly distorted. A system of medical bioethics measures is proposed by the author to influence the doctor’s professional legal consciousness.

Annotation: he research in this article is aimed at studying fundamentally new mechanisms and forms of financing invest- ment projects caused by technological development and external macroeconomic conditions. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative, quantitative-sum assessment of empirical data and statistical information. The article presents an assessment of the investment activity of the domestic economy over the past five years with the concretization of stimulating factors. Specific forms of innovative investment financing instruments are outlined, as well as their varieties. The interpretation and characteristics of each instrument are given. The current level of legal regulation of new forms of investment financing was analyzed. A comparative description of individual Russian investment platforms is presented, the dynamics of their total number over the past three years is considered. An assessment of the level of application of innovative financing tools is given, the prospects for their further development in the domestic economy are outlined. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the systematization of new forms of financing of investment projects and the disclosure of the characteristic features of certain types of financing.

Annotation: The article characterizes the metric system of a person’s decent life as the basis for assessing the qualitative integrity of the creative and intellectual form of individual and social human capital. A decomposition model of the parameters of a decent life is proposed, including separately the metrics of a decent level and a decent quality of life. The methodological basis of the article is structural-genetic and interdisciplinary approaches to the problem of qualitative analysis of key phenomena characterizing the subject perspective of the study. The scientific novelty of the provisions and conclusions lies in the development of a new system of parameters for a decent level and decent quality of life for an individual; the forming of a metric system of a worthy life for the individual as an integrity that determines the axiological and spiritual-moral vector of creative work activity; proof of the need to include in the national innovation system (NIS) a person living with dignity with a list of parameters for the qualitative integrity of his creative and intellectual capital. The scientific and practical sig- nificance of the proposed conclusions and recommendations lies in clarifying the interpretation of key concepts (decent life, decent standard of living and quality of life of the same name), as well as in justifying the need to implement the practical tasks of the state’s socio-economic policy aimed at the “targeted” and targeted forma- tion of a decent life of every Russian household.

Annotation: The article discusses important aspects of the development of civil society in Russia. The institution of civil so- ciety is an integral attribute of any State governed by the rule of law. However, its formation is conditioned by the emergence of certain prerequisites in the political, social, economic and cultural spheres. In the history of Russia, these prerequisites occurred in the second half of the XIX century as a result of the reforms of Emperor Alexander II, which created the conditions for the forming of civil society. The aim of the author is to analyze the historical course of the country towards the forming of civil society; to consider the reforms of the 1860s in Russia in the context of the occurrence of prerequisites for the forming of civil society; to identify the essence of these prerequisites; to determine the role of reforms for the forming of civil society in Russia. During the study, historical, comparative legal, and formal legal methods were applied. The author concludes that the necessary conditions for the formation of civil society have emerged in the political, social, economic, and cultural spheres in Russia, as well as the emergence of elements of civil society resulting from the reforms of the 1860s.

Annotation: The article presents an overview of the methods for the development of eastern systems of psychophysical train- ing, described in the research of N.V. Abayev. The subject of the study is the forming of competence in health prevention issues based on Eastern systems of psychophysical training. The work highlights the importance of Chan/Zen Buddhism, which is embedded in this system, calling for mental well-being, flexibility of thinking, improvement of memory, attention, forming physical intelligence. The author comes to the conclusion that the system of psychophysical training, that is, the development of mental and physical abilities of a person with the help of special exercises, can be used in the field of education as a mechanism that promotes the development of intellectual, personal, creative potential of students. The article uses the historical and philosophical method of scientific literature analyzis on the proposed research topic and the method of synthesis as a combination of the considered material in a new quality. Hermeneutical and dialectical research methods were also used in the work.

Annotation: The article outlines the problem faced by humanity in choosing between traditional values and innovations introduced by Western ideologues under the guise of somatic human rights and the role of mentoring in the spiritual revival of humanity. The aim of this article is to develop mechanisms for reforming the institution of Youth Mentoring at the present stage. The subject of the study is the justification of the theory and practice of mentoring from the perspective of the synergetic triad of the educational process: patriotic education, forming of legal consciousness, and instilling traditional universal values and moral norms. Based on the subject of the study, the following tasks were performed: the historical experience of the educational process of Russian youth, laid down by Slavic and Eastern cultures, is analyzed; the differences in the personnel potential of school teachers in Imperial and Soviet Russia are studied; the prerequisites for an imbalance in the school educational system between male and female teachers are revealed; the phenomenology of responsibility is considered through the prism of male education and the forming of legal awareness among young people; the proposals on the form- ing of the legal consciousness of the younger generation at the present stage based on the generalization of the experience of crime prevention in the “16-year Shchelkov period” are formulated; the practical importance of enhancing the human resources of the institute of Mentoring in the educational environment through the return of men to the teaching profession is substantiated; mechanisms for reforming the institute of Mentoring youth are proposed; organizational measures necessary for the implementation of the proposed mechanisms for improving the role of mentoring in practice. The theoretical framework of the conducted research is the socio-axiological approach to examining phenomena of legal reality.

Annotation: In this article, the authors implement an integrated approach and offer systematic analytical material devoted to current problems of international labor migration and its impact on the economic security of the state. An analysis of current statistical data on the directions, structure and dynamics of migration processes is carried out using the example of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the positive and negative consequences of the increas- ing scale of cross-border movement of labor in the conditions of the new economic reality. The migration influx makes it possible to fill the existing shortage of labor resources, reduce the severity of the demographic problem, but at the same time additional problems arise related to the protection of national interests and ensuring national security. Particular attention is paid to the financial consequences associated with the increased burden on the budget when implementing government support measures for migrants. The results of the study can be used in developing public policy, including those aimed at optimizing migration flows, taking into account the need to protect national interests and ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation, as well as solving the demographic problem.

Annotation: The use of digital tools, as practice shows, brings significant diversity to teaching methods and can significantly increase students’ interest in all types of classes. Nevertheless, expectations of the adverse effects of digitaliza- tion of education have been formed in the teaching environment. The article reveals the advantages and risks associated with the digital transformation of the educational environment. The most important are cognitive and ethical risks, as well as risks associated with competition from educational platforms with online courses. The authors differentiate the risks of students, teachers and universities as the main subjects of educational activity. Such important social problems in the development of education as social inequality and the “digital divide”, the “manageralization” of the university structure to the detriment of creative self-organization, and the strengthening of ethical issues of compliance with standards of academic integrity in education are highlighted. The article formulates some proposals to neutralize risks, including the need to develop digital didactics, update the qualification requirements for a higher school teacher, and develop an information culture among students. The implementation of these proposals can be useful for improving the effectiveness of educational activities in the digital environment.

Annotation: The article examines the specifics of the relationship between the high-tech sector and digitalization for the development of Russia. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, four approaches are identified that reflect the connection and influence of digitalization in the development of entrepreneurship, industry and territory. As a fundamental component in the study, based on the considered approaches, the direction related to the technological development of territories is taken into account, which is aimed at activating opportunities in the field of information technology. To determine the specifics of the relationship between the high-tech sector and digitalization, an assessment of the export and import of information technology products (IT products) is carried out. The application of an approach to the assessment of exports and imports of IT products is justi- fied. A classification (based on the OECD approach) has been identified for the assessment, which includes a breakdown by product groups: computers and peripheral equipment; communication equipment; digital and consumer electronics; electronic components; miscellaneous. The trends in global trade in the export and import of IT products are analyzed and the Russian specifics in this segment for a 19-year period (from 2004 to 2023) are identified. Promising positions in the field of digital technologies in the global IT product market are identified.

Annotation: When measuring the metre of a poetic work in verse, feet are usually taken as a basis, which consist of stressed and unstressed syllables. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the size of the foot in advance. With further measurements, it may also turn out that in some lines of the poem the sequence of stressed and unstressed sylla- bles differs from the first line. That is, some positions of syllables in the poem cannot be unambiguously attributed to either stressed or unstressed ones. Such a discrepancy can greatly confuse the student. To solve this problem, it is proposed to take into account not two variants of syllables, but three: unstressed, incompletely stressed and stressed syllables. The metre of the poem is proposed to be written not in words, but in numbers indicating the type of syllables. With this approach, there is no need to determine the length of the foot in advance, and it is also not difficult to determine the metre of poems in which not all lines have the same sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables. In order to automate the measurement of metre, as well as for use as an electronic educational resource in literature lessons, the intellectual information system “Fet.Online” is created, which allows us not only to deter- mine the poetic size, but also to visualize the structure of the poem, as well as to form its textual description. The system also has a database of poems from the school literature course, which students can use for individual work.

Annotation: This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of the "digital ruble" as an object of public relations regu- lated by the norms of civil, banking and currency legislation of the Russian Federation. The article examines the views of Russian legal scholars on the essence of the digital ruble, the place of the digital ruble in the system of objects of civil rights, and the specifics of calculations using the digital ruble. The conclusion is made about the duality of the legal nature of the digital ruble, which combines the following features: 1) an object of civil rights; 2) the form of the currency of the Russian Federation used for settlements in accordance with the procedure and on the terms provided for by the norms of domestic banking and currency legislation, as well as legislation on the national payment system of Russia. The expediency of legislating the definition of the "digital ruble" in the Federal Law "On Currency Regulation and Currency Control", as well as further improving legislation on the domestic digital currency and the sphere of its use, is emphasized.

Annotation: The study examines certain types of real estate owners’ partnerships that require deep scientific understanding due to the lack of their special detailed legal regulation. The subject of the research is scholarly works and provisions of the current legislation on real estate owners’ associations. Methods of scientific research: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy. The main conclusions are: a partnership of real estate owners is a collective category – it consists of its types, which may or may not be provided for by law; types of real estate owners’ partnerships not specified in legislation will include any type of real estate owners’ partnership that is not the most common (provided for by law), but is specified in the charter of the partnership, as such, based on the specifics of the real estate subject to management; the main criterion for classification as a real estate own- ers’ partnership is the ability to manage the corresponding type of real estate. The author also came to other conclusions. The study of this topic will make it possible to make an additional contribution to the scientific understanding of poorly studied certain types of real estate owners’ partnerships.

Annotation: The features of solving inverse problems within the framework of the educational technology of parallel interdis- ciplinary integration of chemistry and computer science are presented: discussion of the meaningful formulation and transition to a mathematical problem at chemistry seminars, implementation of the solution in a software environment in computer classes and subsequent analysis of the obtained results at chemistry seminars. The emphasis on solving chemical problems familiar to students using various software tools is justified. Special at- tention is paid to software tools for solving equations and systems of equations. The main thematic blocks related to solving inverse problems are described: problems for mixing solutions (fractional linear equations), problems for the interaction of a mixture of metals with oxidizing acids (systems of linear equations), problems for chemical equilibrium (nonlinear equations-polynomials). The sequence of blocks is determined by the complexity of both chemical tasks and software tools for their solution. The results of the application of the developed educational technology are presented at the Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of the Russian Technological University, which indicates its effectiveness.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to assess the place of political and legal knowledge in the modern development of the state and law, to determine the role of its moral foundations, reliability and completeness as conditions for the civi- lizational self-identification of Russia. Using general scientific methods of generalization and analogy, such special legal methods as formal legal, historical and legal, comparative legal, the main components of Russian political and legal knowledge are compared with the political and legal approaches of the West. The need to overcome the established stereotypes of social universalism, economic determinism and secularism inherited from the era of the Great Revolutions in the domestic political and legal knowledge is argued. The struggle for Russian scientific sovereignty should be based on overcoming Eurocentrism as a worldview basis for the humiliation of national self- consciousness and deformations of Russian civilizational development. The reinterpretation of Russian political and legal knowledge involves considering the Soviet Union as an experienced political and legal model of the state of justice and social equality. The conclusion that any constitution is built on the value priorities of society is substanti- ated. The civilizational spiritual and moral features of Russia are incompatible with the worldview principles of the West. Modern Russian political and legal knowledge reflects the results of the cultural and historical development of the multinational people of the Russian Federation and the archetypes inherent in it that have developed over many generations as prototypes of state and legal forms, society’s ideas about justice and the role of law. Political and legal knowledge can be fruitful and effective only if it is harmoniously based on the cultural and historical experience of the people, if it overcomes the moral neutrality of knowledge itself and the practice of statecraft that grows out of it, and if it accepts knowledge of traditional spiritual and moral values as a tuning fork. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The financial system is based on the processing and aggregation of vast amounts of information into price signals that coordinate economic participants. Throughout history, advances in information technology, from simple record-keeping to artificial intelligence, have transformed the financial industry. This article examines the evolution of the financial sector through the lens of advances in information processing, with a particular focus on AI. The analysis of how generative AI (GenAI), emerging AI agents, and general artificial intelligence will affect finance is conducted. It assesses the opportunities and challenges posed to the financial sector by different generations of AI, including machine learning (ML), generative AI (GenAI), and emerging AI agents. The impact of AI on financial stability and the risk of AI-induced disrup- tions to the real sector are considered. In light of these ideologies and the increasing adoption of AI, the author has outlined the implications of developments in AI for financial stability and prudential policies. The article discusses the potential impacts on the real economy, examining both optimistic and destructive scenarios involving AI. The author emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in order to develop a framework for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the global financial system.

Annotation: The article describes the use of corpora as promising translation methods in the context of foreign language education. Corpus-driven approaches is known to have become popular in lexicography following digital tech- nological advances. This method have made it possible for computer programs to process vast amounts of data very rapidly. The purpose of the study: to identify the main role of corpora in teaching a foreign language. The following research methods are: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, interpretation, systematization, structuring. The following results are obtained: currently the problem of corpus approach use as digital means to solve foreign language education issues are relevant due to Foreign language study enhances human’s opportunities in technologies. It is necessary to create a link between the digital society and humanitar- ian education, that is, digital culture. The use of corpus technologies can provide significant assistance in the professional activities of a foreign language teacher. The corpus approach is an important tool in organizing the learning process, finding the necessary content of educational tools, and its application can ensure the quality of teaching a foreign language. In conclusion it is noted that expanding the corpus capacity to translate texts contributes to the diversification of learning processes through digital technologies.

Annotation: The article describes the features of international and domestic law as independent legal systems. The author studies the constructive features of both legal systems and proves the independence of two legal phenomena: the legal system of international law and the domestic (national) legal system. The author proposes a system of ten criteria by which it is possible to conduct a comparative analysis and differentiate international and national law. The article emphasizes the significant substantive and functional consistency of both variants of legal systems, which ensures the effective development of both national and international law. The comparative legal method in its functional version became the main one for the preparation of the article. Based on the results of the study, the author states that there are significant constructive differences between national and international law, which allow us to speak about their independence. At the same time, the study demonstrates that they are also characterized by substantive and functional consistency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the consideration of the category “social system of scientific pedagogical knowledge production” as a product of specialized scientific work. The factors influencing the forming and development of pedagogical science in the conditions of a new normality are highlighted, which are characterized by the rapid emergence of new phenomena and systemic changes that differ sharply from the previous ones. A systematics of trends in the field of pedagogical education reforms is given. The basic principles of the transformation of pedagogical science in the period of the forming of a new reality caused by the instability of the social situa- tion are formulated. The scientific and methodological concept of the development of pedagogical science as a social institution for the production of scientific pedagogical knowledge, an adaptive transition to a qualitatively new state of educational systems through an adequate response to changes in the external environment in the conditions of a new normality is proposed. Through a survey of participants in the network collaboration of the Ural Federal District, the most important problems in the reform of teacher education are highlighted. The results of the study provide grounds for a better understanding of the process of transformation of pedagogical science in the context of a new normality, clarifying the results of the changes being made and can be used to justify management decisions.

Annotation: The article explores the concept and problems of the student’s network personality. The focus is on the fact that this phenomenon has multiple meanings and can have different effects. The socio-cultural and psychological characteristics inherent in the network personality are revealed. The necessity of the study of the learner’s net- work personality due to the digital changes in the sphere of education is emphasized. It is noted that existence in a hybrid – real and virtual – world has a contradictory effect on the forming of the network personality of the student, on the processes of functioning of individual consciousness and thinking, the development of behav- ioural strategies. Attention is drawn to the phenomenon of network identity. The possibilities of social networks in the realization of various forms of identity, including alternative ones, are considered. The role of symbols and simulacra in the forming of worldview, social and educational attitudes of students is traced. The inherent illusory nature of virtuality is considered, the negative consequences of illusory representations for the existence of an individual and a student is revealed. The influence of virtual social mobility on social actions of network individuals is studied, its advantages in terms of opportunities for self-realization are revealed.

Annotation: The lack of legislative regulation of the issue of the legitimacy of imposing obligations to pay a contribution for major repairs not only on the owner of residential premises, but also on other persons to whom it is provided on the basis of property and obligations rights is indicated. Contradictory approaches of judicial practice to resolving these disputes are demonstrated. In some cases, courts consider it impossible to transfer such an obligation (for example, in relation to family members of the owner of a residential premises), in others they justify a positive answer to this question by reference to the nature of the emerging right (for example, in relation to holders of the right of operational manage- ment). In disputes related to the transfer of residential premises on the basis of a contract, the idea is formulated about the exclusive nature of the owner’s obligation to pay a contribution for major repairs and the impossibility of its transfer within the framework of contractual relations. It is concluded that in order to resolve the contradictions that have arisen, it is necessary to develop a unified position on the possibility of transferring to third parties the burden of maintaining not only residential premises, but also the common property of an apartment building.

Annotation: The central bank’s digital currencies can become an effective payment policy tool, helping to eliminate market dis- ruptions and stimulating competition and innovation in new digital payment markets. In this regard, the topic of this work is undoubtedly relevant. The article is devoted to the study of the factors of central banks for the development and implementation of digital currency initiatives of the central bank (DCCB), as well as their advantages. The article first examines the concept and main forms of implementation of digital currencies of the central bank. The article examines the general-purpose digital currencies of the central bank, which can technically be implemented in two formats: in the form of deposit accounts with the central bank for all households, corporations and digital tokenized currencies based on distributed ledger technology. It is revealed that among the arguments of the monetary authorities in favor of currencies, the following motives can be distinguished: global competition, duopolistic or oligopolistic market structure, dominance of foreign payment providers, reduction of cash in circulation. In addition, the main advantage of the DCCB is precisely the increase in the competitiveness of payments and their efficiency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the effectiveness of the fight against smuggling by the Fed- eral Customs Service of Russia and the development of a digital control system for the flow of goods at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union. An analysis of the dynamics of criminal cases initiated under articles of the Criminal Code of Russia related to crimes in the customs sphere showed a downward trend. At the same time, the Strategy for the Development of the Customs Service of the Russian Federation until 2030 indicates the need for systematic improvement of the law enforcement function of customs authorities, which creates the need for the introduction of digital technologies. In modern conditions, important digital technologies are blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and big data technologies, which are integrated into a single digital system of industry management. The article shows the great potential for the development and implementation of an industry-wide system of control over the movement of goods within the customs system of the Russian Federa- tion and the Eurasian Economic Union. The key risks of the proposed measures for the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of customs authorities in order to combat smuggling are identified and the target characteristics obtained after the implementation of the proposed measures to combat smuggling are presented.

Annotation: The article describes the constitutional and legal foundations of the struggle against fascism in modern Russia as the successor of the USSR. The author substantiates the need to use the definition of fascism given by Soviet scholars, taking into account their existential experience of generations who survived fascist aggression. The article provides a comparative analysis of the approach to defining the concept of fascism by Soviet authors and Western researchers, reveals the differences and reasons that prompted Western researchers to interpret this concept differently. The article substantiates the existential approach, analyzing scientific and legal concepts through the personal experience, values, and worldview of their authors. It reveals the anti-fascist orientation of the norms of the Russian Constitution, enshrining the succession of the USSR, the ideals of ancestors, belief in God, and social solidarity. The conclusion is made about the need for direct constitutional enshrinement of the fight against fascism around the world as Russia’s historical mission. The results of the article are important for the forming of modern Russian constitutionalism and state ideology.

Annotation: The article analyzes the digital economy of the Russian Federation using the methods of such international organi- zations as the Portulans Institute by the Network Readiness Index, the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs by the Global E-Government Development Index, World Intellectual Property Organization by the Global Innovation Index. The factors constraining the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation have been identified: the insufficient level of technology development, especially “new” technologies, telecom- munications and logistical infrastructure, content provision, electronic participation; an imperfect management system of the country’s digital development; environmental instability, manifested in the energy inefficiency of the economy, the inconsistency of the country’s environmental indicators with international standards. It has also been established that the human capital is one of the key drivers for the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation, which is characterized by a high level of literacy of the population, financing of research and development projects, the prestige of Russian universities, as well as technical and engineering specialties.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of modern development in Russia of investment models and instruments aimed at investors with an Eastern mentality, the so-called partnership financing. Attention is drawn to the need for the development and implementation of such financial instruments, with their regulation taking into account the turn of the Russian economy to the East. The article notes that each such implemented financial mechanism and instrument must comply with the Eastern mentality and traditions. The study provides an analysis of the mechanism introduced in Russia in 2023 as an experiment in a number of South-Eastern regions of the country to introduce the practice of partnership activities. The analysis of the subjects of this experiment, the legally adopted mechanism of its functioning and the regulatory framework, the types of financial instruments (operations) introduced in this case are presented. Particular attention is paid to the application of rules and accounting standards when reflecting these partnership financing transactions among economic participants in the experiment. As a result, conclusions are made about the need to expand such an experiment, as the practice of conducting partnership activities accumulates, and the need for a clearer definition and regulation of accounting issues for partnership operations.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the principles of practical training in professional tourism education. The presented results of the methodological research are an overview of the experience obtained as a result of practi- cal pedagogical activity in the system of tourist education in the context of a competence-based approach. The local elements of novelty in the work are contained in an attempt to summarize the empirical and pedagogical experience of approbation of the principles of practical training of students in professional competencies: the axiological principle; the recreational principle; the principle of individualization; the principle of integrity; the principle of communication; dialectical principle; the principle of continuity; structural and substantive princi- ple; the principle of hierarchy; the principle of market orientation of practical training. The authors conclude that professional tourism education in higher school should be based on a system of links between the main components of the content, the organization of various forms, principles and methods of teaching, which are implemented and assimilated in the course of practical activities of students.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of lean technology for teacher training projecting for in-company education. The relevance of this issue in the context of a market economy and competitive environment is determined by the need for enterprises to continuously train their staff in order to fulfil government orders in a timely and high-quality manner, optimize production processes, and master new machinery and equipment. In addition, the current shortage of personnel forces enterprises to seek new effective ways to train or retrain staff, including in related professions or processes. A lean manufacturing tool, which can also be called mapping, is proposed to assess the current state and improve the training process of in-house teachers, as well as their organizational and methodological support. It allows eliminating the losses and problems that can occur during the training process by providing a clear sequence and structure for its procedures, as well as by the optimal use of exist- ing technical and human resources within the organization. The author’s technology, designed on the basis of mapping, is lean as it allows us to organize a low-cost training process for in-company teachers in a short term, taking into account their individual characteristics, as well as the educational needs of an enterprise focused on federal and regional productivity enhancement policies.

Annotation: The article analyzes the impact of legal education on the protection of constitutional rights of citizens. The article examines the main factors contributing to the growth of legal literacy of the population and effective defense of constitutional rights by citizens. The author analyzes the correlation between the level of legal culture of citizens and their ability to protect their rights. The problem of the insufficient level of education of the population in mod- ern society comes to the fore, especially when forming a development strategy. The importance of legal education as a tool for improving legal culture creates the need to analyze the current state of society. The relevance of the research topic is due to the identification of the degree of influence and effectiveness of legal education on the protection of constitutional rights. In the context of the article the relationship between the level of legal culture and the actions of citizens in accordance with the algorithm of realization and protection of their rights is inves- tigated. It is important to note that the given examples demonstrate how the increasing level of legal awareness affects the quality of life of society. The above statistical data allow us to identify trends in the legal interest of citizens and assess the dynamics of their involvement in the protection of their legitimate interests. A process of integration of modern technologies into the process of legal information of the population is observed. The study of the results of the work of the Constitutional Court for a certain period of time allowed us to verify the close relationship between the processes of legal education and the level of observance of constitutional rights of citizens.

Annotation: The subject of the research is the concept and significance of the methodology of the science of criminal justice, its role in the activities of the penal system, the training of specialists for institutions and bodies executing pun- ishment. The purpose of the work is to study issues of methodology of the science of penal law. When studying the problem, dialectical, formal-logical, system-structural methods were used. The article describes the views of scientists on the methodological foundations of the science of penal law, and examines certain aspects of its significance for theory and practice. Dialectical and historical materialism form the basis of the methodology of the science under consideration; private scientific and special methods of cognition are also used. It is con- cluded that the training of highly qualified specialists for the penal system, other state and non-state (private) organizations involves studying the methodology of special sciences in the specialization (profile) of training, the methodology of the science of criminal justice contributes to the implementation of theoretical knowledge in practical activities in the field of execution of punishments and other areas of life.

Annotation: The article reveals the conceptual, methodological and methodical foundations of foresight as an educational technology. The purpose, objectives and principles of implementing humanitarian foresight in the educational process of a technical university are determined; an algorithm is developed, including pre-foresight, foresight session and reflection. The results of approbation of this technology on the basis of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University as part of teaching cultural studies to future engineers are presented. The scenario method was chosen as a method for conducting a foresight session, which involves the development, representation and assessment of polar – optimistic and pessimistic – options for the future of technogenic culture. The importance of foresight as an educational technology that promotes the formation of future-oriented thinking, a culture of participation, creative orientation and the ethos of future engineers is substantiated. In addition, the risks arising in the process of testing humanitarian foresight in the educational process of a technical university are identified.

Annotation: With the development of information technology and the growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI), the issue of its application in education arises. In the conditions of a new digital civilization, it is necessary to learn how to manage information chaos and extract benefits only from interaction with artificial intelligence. Information and digital literacy is becoming the modern basis of educational communication, which radically changes the quality and content of learning at all levels of education. In the context of global digitalization of the world, the scientific paradigm as a whole is changing, in particular, the paradigm of education is changing. The prospects of the emergence of a fundamentally new system of educational relations in the context of the use of AI and ma- chine learning are considered. Adaptive AI-based learning systems offer new opportunities to enrich the learn- ing environment and improve teaching effectiveness. The article substantiates general approaches to learning with the support of AI, which will facilitate flexible adaptation to the needs of production and the labor market, allowing for regular analysis of the results of continuous learning. Automatic daily updating of the strengths and weaknesses of learning outcomes, possible cooperation, as well as collective decision-making will make it possible to prolong the educational trajectory of students using AI tools.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problems of legal protection of the intangible ethno-cultural heritage of the Rus- sian Federation. The analysis of the current situation of protection of these facilities in Russia is preceded by a review of international acts of similar content. Several possible ways to apply forces to improve the protection of intangible cultural assets are outlined. First, this is a wider representation of Russian culture in the international arena. Second, elimination of the conflict in modern Russian law and law enforcement practice, which arose due to the incomplete change of the name of the object of protection. Third, strict compliance with the requirements of Article 6 of the Federal Law «On Intangible Ethnocultural Heritage Of the Russian Federation», which provides for the division of objects of intangible ethnocultural heritage into three categories: federal, regional and local (municipal) significance. Therefore, the federal register should include only those objects that really represent a special historical, cultural and scientific value for the history and culture of the Russian Federation. Fourth, it is to clarify the list of objects of intangible ethno-cultural heritage. It was recommended to include traditional symbols, as well as to emphasize their cultural-historical, spiritual and moral value in the laws on state symbols. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the transformation of the economy in the context of digitalization and the introduction of innovative technologies. The article examines the impact of information and communication technologies on various aspects of companies’ activities, including distance learning, contactless transactions and remote work, especially in the context of the past COVID-19 pandemic. The author focuses on the importance of digital tech- nologies, such as Big Data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and mobile technologies, to increase competitiveness and adapt businesses to new business conditions. The geographical aspects of the spread of these technologies are analyzed, with special emphasis on the leading positions of China, the United States and Singapore. The article also highlights the role of digital innovations in solving production problems and developing international economic cooperation. It is concluded that there is a need for further development and implementation of digital technologies to ensure sustainable economic growth and integration of companies into the global innovation environment.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to analyze the necessity and regularity of the birth of the idea of a moral state through the enhancement of freedom of conscience in modern society. The legal understanding of freedom of conscience is one of the spiritual foundations of state sovereignty. The research methodology includes the methods of historical and legal analysis with an interdisciplinary approach, abstraction and mental modeling, compara- tive legal analysis, and the ascent from the abstract to the concrete. The definition of freedom of conscience and ideological foundations of a moral state is given. It is the moral and ethical foundations of the Constitution that form the socio-cultural line of development of modern civilization. On the example of specific decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the position of the Council of Europe, it is concluded that the secularism of the European Enlightenment led to an equalization in the representation of Western public consciousness of good and evil, that in Western countries there is a forced moral neutrality of society, giving rise to immorality and permissiveness. The analysis of various aspects of the understanding of freedom of conscience as a basic value, without which the sovereignty of the modern state is impossible, is important for the further development of legal understanding, for teaching the theory of state and law and constitutional law in universities.

Annotation: The current issues of conducting practical classes in the form of a business game with students of the Faculty of Law on the topics of the section “Forensic technology” of the discipline “Criminalistics” are considered. The opinions of various authors on the practice-oriented teaching of the discipline “Criminalistics”, including the use of active teaching methods (business games) during practical classes, are given. The content of the stages of the business game organized in the conditions of the classroom is revealed; the main differences between practical tasks in the section “Forensic technology” from tasks in other sections of сriminalistics are highlighted. Recom- mendations are given on the use of technical means during practical training; an overview of the most in-demand set of technical means, the unified suitcase “Criminalist” is given. The expediency of using a forensic suitcase in its extended configuration is justified not only when conducting classes on topics involving direct work with traces of a crime, but also as part of the study of the topic “Forensic photography and video recording”. The conclusion is made about the importance of teaching the discipline “Criminalistics” for law students.

Annotation: In this article, the authors substantiate the need and possibility of developing and implementing various co-financing schemes for the progressive development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the fundamental regulations governing the area of activity under consideration, the article presents the level and content of legal regulation of the development of physical education and sports. Based on sufficient empirical material, the existing, objective and relevant trends that underlie the budgetary and extra-budgetary financing of physical culture and sports in Russia are identified. At the same time, the economic feasibility of using alternative financing instruments is substantiated and possible prospects for using various sources are determined from the point of view of compliance with the principle of sufficiency. The issues of non-traditional financing of sporting events in our country, due to the mutually interested partnership of the state and private business, presented in the article deserve attention. The authors present a set of appropriate government sup- port measures designed to ensure the progressive and effective development of the sector under consideration.

Annotation: Two approaches that have been formed in judicial practice on the issue of the right of the managing company to save when implementing activities on the management of apartment buildings are distin- guished. Their polarity is noted: the first is based on the need to apply the norms of civil legislation and the understanding of the contractor’s savings developed by judicial practice, the second – on the special nature of management relations, which requires the forming of a special approach to resolving disputes on the savings of managing organizations. Arguments are given against the mechanical use of the rules on the contractor’s savings to the savings of managing organizations. Negative trends as- sociated with the possible abuse of rights by managing companies in resolving disputes based on the second approach are demonstrated. The conclusion is made about the need to find a balance between the existing polar points of view, which, on the one hand, would not lead to possible abuses on the part of managing companies, and, on the other hand, would not deprive managing companies of the opportunity to justify the existence of savings. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines certain aspects of domestic tourism in the context of the conceptual approach developed in the sphere of the tourism industry of the Russian Federation as a result of the adoption of the federal project “Tourism and Hospitality Industry”, which became the basis for the further development of domestic tourism. The dynamics of the tourism industry development is shown. Attention is paid to the consideration of the adverse impact of foreign policy, domestic economic and organizational factors. There is an assessment of the regulatory framework that determines the financial relationships of participants in the tourism industry within the framework of this program area. The authors emphasize that the ongoing practical implementation of the national project in the tourism sector necessitates the development of new approaches and tools in management at the municipal level, stimulating administrative-territorial entities to create new tourism products by improving the financial, economic and organizational apparatus and the use of modern tools. Significant attention is paid to the expansion of the use of telecommunications and information base and issues of practical testing of tax tools, which should contribute to the development of the tourism industry at the regional and municipal levels.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development of leadership qualities of students in the psychological and pedagogical field of training in the process of studying at a university. In the process of solving professional tasks, a teacher- psychologist uses his personal resources, including the ability to motivate participants in educational relations, organize joint work, give an expert assessment and actively assist in solving pedagogical issues. The leadership potential of students can be revealed in the learning process, therefore, it is of particular importance to search in the educational space of the university for opportunities for students to form leadership competencies. The article analyzes leadership qualities as professionally significant in the activities of a teacher-psychologist. The conditions are presented in which the leadership qualities of future teachers-psychologists will be actualized and revealed, allowing students to realize their own leadership potential. Pedagogical technologies for the de- velopment of students’ leadership qualities are presented: activation of students’ problem-finding and research activities, inclusion of students in curatorial, mentoring, volunteer activities and student government activities, as well as solving practical cases with involved specialists in the field of team management. The results of the study can be used to improve the process of professional training of future educational psychologists.

Annotation: The article discusses the problems of forming a sense of patriotism among students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The special role of patriotic education and spiritual and moral values among police cadets in protecting them from the negative informational and psychological effects of the mass media is shown. The most important features of the protection of cadets from negative information impact are highlighted, which include the collectivity of this process, integration into the educational process, subjectivity and individuality of the educational process, innovation, the intensity of information anti-exposure, and feedback from students. It is noted that information culture is one of the most effective and reliable ways to protect students from the negative informational and psychological effects of mass media. The novelty of the work is to actualize the problem of protecting the younger generation from the negative informational and psychologi- cal effects of the media and to identify its features. The author’s recommendations on improving the process of protecting the younger generation from negative information and psychological effects are of practical importance.

Annotation: The article analyzes the current problems of the theory and practice of patriotic education of university students. The interrelation of the scientific understanding of patriotic education of university students with the require- ments of regulatory legal documents, the practice of its organization in universities is revealed. The issues of the development of historical consciousness, the forming of the all-Russian civil identity, military-patriotic educa- tion of university students are being updated. The development of personal patriotism of students in universities within the framework of the universal competence “systemic and critical thinking” is substantiated. The author substantiates such ways to increase the effectiveness of patriotic education of university students as: qualitative updating of the content and methods of teaching academic disciplines in universities, especially humanities and socio-economic disciplines in terms of patriotic education; the development of students personal patriotically driven activity in socially significant matters in academic and extracurricular work with them, etc. The thesis about the need for problematic differentiation of scientific knowledge on scientific and pedagogical issues of patriotic education of students in the higher education system is proposed.

Annotation: This article discusses various theoretical and practical aspects of banking marketing. In the modern world, in con- ditions of increasing competition, marketing is becoming necessary for every organization. Marketing for financial institutions, including banks, is becoming especially relevant. The practical aspect of the study is analyzed within the framework of the analysis of the effectiveness of the elements of the marketing strategy of JSC Tinkoff Bank. The authors of the study consider such functions of Internet marketing as constant contact with the target audience, convenience of service, customer orientation and the search for optimal ways of promotion. The research is based on the collected statistical and information data on the marketing strategy, target audience, promotion features and financial performance of the company. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that JSC Tinkoff Bank directs a large amount of funds to native advertising and content marketing, which is due to the need for constant communication with a potential and/or existing client. The scientific article is intended to raise interest in the field of banking systems and banking marketing, as well as to identify the experience of promoting one of the leading Russian banks.

Annotation: The article examines the legal positions of the Constitutional Court, justifying the right of the claimant to appeal the ruling on the cancellation of the court order due to the absence of valid reasons for the debtor to skip the deadline for filing objections, as well as the provisions of the draft law, consolidating the results of constitutional control in the system of legal norms. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the developed novels based on an analysis of the conceptual foundations of writ proceedings. According to the author, the key idea characterizing writ proceedings is the presumption of indisputability of the claimant’s claims, which determines ways to simplify and accelerate the form of protection of rights under consideration, including through truncation of adversarial proceedings and the issuance of judicial acts in absentia. At the same time, guarantees of the rights of the parties to the proceedings, ensuring procedural equality and protection against abuse of rights, are of particular impor- tance. The author concludes that the right of the claimant to appeal against the decision to set aside the judgment based on the debtor’s defenses raised outside the time limit should be stated in the text. As a result of the study, the importance of the legislative formalization of the legal provisions of the Constitutional Court, which establish guarantees of the rights of the claimant in writ proceedings and are not related to the unconstitutionality of the legal norm, is substantiated.

Annotation: The object of research is students’ digital information culture development, and the subject is the pedagogi- cal conditions of its efficiency. The main purpose of the work, namely, the disclosure of these conditions and the mechanisms of their influence on the information development of personality in the digital age, is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) substantiation of the importance of pedagogical conditions as factors and at the same time a component of the process under consideration; 2) analysis of interpreta- tions and understandings of the category “pedagogical conditions” in modern scientific and pedagogical discourse; 3) grouping of pedagogical conditions, taking into account the specifics of the educational activity under consideration; 4) disclosure and substantiation of the mechanism of influence of the studied conditions as a factor in the development of students’ personality. Special emphasis is made on the content and intellectual conditionality of information activities. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the conditions under consideration are of informative, organizational, methodological, and socio- personal nature, which correlates with the understanding of digital information culture as an integrative quality. The novelty of the work consists in the disclosure of pedagogical conditions at the level of very specific empirical situations, taking into account the specifics of the educational activities of students of the digital age.

Annotation: The article examines the legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations at the regional level in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop mechanisms for the legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations that en- sure the development of regions by securing sources on a long-term basis for the implementation of measures to achieve national territorial development goals. The subject of the study is the substantiation of the mechanisms of legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations for the development of regions and the achievement of established national goals. Based on the topic of the research, the following tasks were completed: analysis of the regional experience of forming the legal framework for regulating inter-budgetary relations at the regional level; con- sideration of the methods of budget law governing inter-budgetary relations; formulation of a proposal for the creation of mechanisms for legal regulation of inter-budgetary relations at this stage. The research uses general scientific and special methods, in particular systematic, logical, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, interpretation. As a result of our research, we have found that the establishment of legal mecha- nisms for inter-budgetary regulation of the allocation of funds from the consolidated budget of regions, taking into account the expenses of municipalities for implementing territorial development measures under state programs and regional projects using targeted indicators, leads to a balanced local budget and contributes to achieving national regional development objectives. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In response to the global and prolonged deterioration of the phenomenon of life in the socio-economic biosystem (SEB), the article postulates the circulation of matter within it. It is noted that the circulation of matter in the SEВ, based on its nanodestruction and the subsequent forming of a marketable product, involves the systemic self-organization of distributed economic systems. Precisely this neutralizes the contradiction between the progressive transformation of resources and the limitations in its provision. It is stated that the involvement of an individual’s waste resolves a global contradiction: between the progressive transformation of resources and the alienation of resources from the bulk of individuals of the SEВ. A mathematical formalization of the turnover of resources in the SEВ is proposed, which makes it possible to develop optimal management of ad- aptation, both the provision of resources and the rate of their turnover. The statement of ecology as an area of existence of the phenomenon of life of sustainable self-organization of the biosphere and SEB allowed them to be formalized in mathematical images in the form of grad. The foundations of the scientific and methodological approach for the development of effective management of the biosphere and SEВ adaptation strategy are predetermined. An eco-strategy for managing the adaptation of the SEB and the biosphere in the field of ecology is determined, guaranteeing the sustainable development of the phenomenon of life.

Annotation: The article describes the issues of the importance of family in the aspect of the implementation of active and passive electoral rights. The purpose of the article is to highlight the influence of the family and family status of the candidate on the forming of his image, taking into account the family when filing an application for consent to run, the use of family nomination as one of the election technologies, family values as a necessary component for the forming of political party programs, as well as taking into account family traditions to combat youth absenteeism in the electoral process. As an improvement of the legal regulation of the process of nominating a candidate for elections, it seems necessary to supplement the application for consent to run with information about the presence of a spouse and minor children of the candidate. The methods of the study are formal logic, historical analysis and a systems approach. The article concludes that the family and family values significantly influence all participants in the electoral process from election organizers and candidates to voters.

Annotation: The article discusses the features of managing property relations within the administrative-territorial formation of the city. Considerable attention is paid to the development of property relations in the city of Moscow. In particular, the composition of the city’s property and the main features of its management as part of the city’s property complex were examined, including legislative regulation, financial, economic, technical, technological and information management of property relations, etc. In the context of other issues, it was emphasized that it is necessary to strictly maintain the balance of property, at the disposal of the subject (city), regulate the ratio of municipal and commercial objects in the property management structure, taking into account the interests of the state (city) and at the same time it is necessary to create optimal conditions for potential consumers (users). It is concluded that increasing the efficiency of property relations management is largely achieved through the use of modern methodological approaches in the context of informatization of the management process and improvement of technological techniques based on their digitalization and the use of domestic software, which ensures the development of property relations in the city.

Annotation: The article examines theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of “labor potential” and various interpretations of this term. It also characterizes vocational education as a fundamental component of human labor potential. It is shown that the key factor influencing a person’s labor potential is his professional self- determination, formed at the stage of education. Based on the results of sociological research among students of Vologda State University, the features of students’ professional self-determination and their work behavior were determined. The main methods of research on this topic were a questionnaire survey, interviews with experts and focus groups. As a result of the analysis, the problem of insufficient professional self-determination of students was identified, which further affects the state of the labor market due to the undeveloped labor potential of the employee. In conclusion, the implementation of the concept of continuing education and the system of career guidance networking is presented as one of the solutions to the problem of undeveloped human labor potential.

Annotation: The issues of applying the provisions of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, re- garding the use of the results of activities for the implementation of state control (supervision) and municipal control and the initiation of proceedings on an administrative offense, are increasingly becoming the subject of numerous discussions and publications. Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze individual control and supervisory measures and control and supervisory actions, through which officials of control and supervisory authorities receive and record evidence of violations of mandatory requirements in control and supervisory activities, and their subsequent possibility for use as evidence in cases of administrative offenses. It is concluded that strict compliance with the requirements of legality serves as a guarantee of recognition of the actions and decisions of officials of control and supervisory authorities as legitimate, and the results of control and supervisory measures and control and supervisory actions as appropriate evidence in the proceedings on an administrative offense.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the desire to neutralize some of the problems that arise when agricultural land is seized in case of improper use of land. The purpose of the study is to study a number of features of the seizure of agricultural land in case of improper use of land that require legislative regulation. Particular attention is paid to the problems of legislative application in the process of seizure of these land plots. The article analyzes the regulatory framework governing the procedure for termination of rights to land plots, as well as the exercise of the powers of state land supervision in this area of activity. Some features that have negative consequences both for agricultural land and for the owners of these plots were studied. Recommenda- tions and possible ways of resolving the existing problematic situations are given, namely, amendments to the regulation of the term and procedure for the seizure of agricultural land in case of improper use of land. The article uses the formal legal method, general scientific methods of cognition.

Annotation: The article describes the development of digital information culture as a pedagogical process at the level of principles is considered as an object of the study. The purpose of the study is to review the relevant principles with a meaningful justification of their applicability, taking into account the specifics of information activities. The main objectives of the study are the differentiation of didactic and educational principles, as well as general and particular principles, with the identification of their interrelation on this basis. The relevance of the work is due to an increase in the share of information activity in the context of digitalization, and the novelty is the filling of the gap in the study of digital issues at a purely theoretical level using an analytical approach as opposed to the traditionally accepted ostensive one, which is specific for the practical works of a methodological nature. As a result of the research, the author concludes about the merging of the didactic and educational planes in the prism of information culture at the level of principles as pedagogical units of a high order, as well as about the validity of particular principles originating from the general provisions of theoretical pedagogy with a meaning- ful clarification towards the specifics of digital information activity.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the specifics of using dialogue as a form of teaching a foreign language to students of technical universities. The relevance of the article is determined by the urgent need to develop effective approaches to teaching a foreign language to students of technical specialties in order to develop students’ competence in written and oral communication in a foreign language in the professional field. Currently, the level of “read- ing and translating with a dictionary” can no longer be considered an independent didactic task, which has traditionally been central in the training of engineers, taking into account the saturation of technical texts with professional terminology, which dictates the development of not only new approaches, but also didactic values. The scientific significance of the work lies in the justification of the need to actively include dialog forms in the training of engineers based on the analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience, both local author’s and presented in a number of reviewed scientific publications. As an advantage of using dialogue techniques in language teaching, the subjectivity of teaching a student a foreign language is put forward as opposed to its objectivity as it is in other approaches, when the student remains a passive recipient of information received in a ready-made form. The understanding of the use of dialogue as a method of teaching a foreign language is car- ried out in relation to the specific features of the areas of training, which determines the practical significance of the study, which consists in the possibility of applying the presented task in the practice of teaching a foreign language.

Annotation: The article describes and analyzes the imperatives, as well as critically important conditions and factors of the creative, progressive orientation of modern socio-economic transformation. The article examines the systemic destructive consequences of the implementation in the world and domestic economy of a neoliberal political economic concept based on militant consumer individualism, financialization of the economy and society as a whole, as well as the expanded reproduction of economic simulacra. In this regard, the neoliberal ontology of failures of the market, the state, society and civilization is analyzed. Through the prism of the “three ecologies” (personality, society and nature), the key importance of expanded reproduction is proved, first of all, socio-cultural innovations that aim economic transformations at the actual transformation of a person into “the measure of all things”. Special attention is paid to ensuring the creative and labor ecological “purity” of the individual, in whose creative activity, at the same time, key socio-cultural and economic innovations are concentrated and implemented. The necessity of searching for ways to restore and strengthen the civilizational identity of society is substantiated, which requires overcoming the destructive consequences of neoliberalism in the domestic economy. The concept of a decent life is substantiated as a target functional of the humanistic orientation of the proposed socio-economic transformation.

Annotation: The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of waste management of production and consump- tion as objects of environmental and civil relations. The purpose of the article is to investigate and clarify the scope of the norms of environmental and civil legislation in relation to the field of waste management of produc- tion and consumption. During the research, the dialectical method of scientific cognition was used, as well as a number of private scientific methods: logical, system analysis, etc. The authors of the article consider the issues of ownership of production and consumption waste, as well as contracts in force in the field of waste manage- ment; analyze the norms of environmental and civil law governing such relations. In practical terms, the problem of the obligation to conclude a contract for the provision of solid municipal waste management services with a regional operator is investigated. The absence of negative legal consequences for owners of non-residential premises who evade the conclusion of such a contract has been revealed, and liability measures are proposed to correct this situation. The analysis of the reasons for the inefficiency of environmental legislation in the field of handling certain categories of waste is carried out, recommendations are made on making a number of changes to environmental legislation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article reveals the features of the modern procedure of state regulation of the quality of education in educational institutions in the Russian Federation, in particular within the framework of state accreditation for higher education programs. The article presents the author’s assessments and conclusions based on the analysis of regulatory acts, scientific publications of recent years and the understanding of the experience of expert activity. Special attention is paid to the issue of the correlation between the content of accreditation indicators for higher education, as ap- proved by the regulatory body for the education system, and the legally defined definition of the quality of educa- tion. The mechanism of organizing and conducting diagnostic work, which is currently a key tool for assessing the quality of education, is considered in detail. The advantages of the applied procedure for assessing the quality of training of students are determined, as well as the main disadvantages of the mechanism for conducting diagnostic work at the present time are formulated, which, according to the authors, are primarily associated with insufficient detail of rules and procedures. It is required to develop and approve a number of legal and regulatory documents regulating the procedure for evaluating the results of mastering an educational program when conducting quality control of education by the system regulator. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In the second part of the article the consideration of a multifactorial process of restoration of the Aral Sea and its drained part is proceeded. The organizational – political formalization of the management of the water resources of the Aral Sea basin came to an intellectually reasonable proposal for compensation projects – the construction of a Kokaral dam to create a North Aral Sea in Kazakhstan and the creation of a “Green sea” on the basis of forest melioration on the dried bottom of the South Aral Sea in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the problem of water scarcity remains unresolved, taking into account the increase in water intake from upstream of the Amu Darya river by Afghanistan.

Annotation: The article examines the ecolinguistic aspect of foreign language teaching process to students of different cat- egories. The purpose of this article is to define and describe linguoecological risks in the paradigm of language education. The characteristics of such linguoecological risks as language modification, language nihilism, loss of the national language originality are presented, and the negative consequences that may result from ignoring them in foreign language teaching process are also presented. The authors emphasize that in the context of glo- balization and the English language dominance, the problem of preserving linguistic identity becomes especially significant. The linguoecological risks which arise in teaching foreign language process are a topical issue in modern language education and require a comprehensive approach to be studied taking into account cultural and sociolinguistic factors. The article attempts to clarify the concept of “linguoecological risk”, and also presents an interpretation of linguoecological risks in linguodidactic coordinates and provides specific examples of their functioning in the educational process. This study emphasizes the importance of studying linguoecological risks as a priority task for teachers and government agencies involved in language policy. It will help to preserve the national language and ensure harmonious coexistence of different cultures in the context of globalization.

Annotation: The study of issues of theoretical perception of ethnocultural identity problems contributes to the effective solution of harmonious intercultural interaction formation in a multiethnic society. The article examines the socio-psychological aspects of young people’s ethnocultural identity development from the perspective of M. Sherif and D. Campbell’s research, representatives of the behaviorist direction. The applied study concept provides focusing on behavioral models of human life, since ethnocultural identity is realized in social actions. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion is formulated that the use of technological techniques implemented in the educational process and cultural and leisure activities aimed at maintaining the culture and traditions of an ethnic group makes it possible to update such areas of young people’s mental life as cognitive, affective and behavioral. These areas activation is fundamental for young people’s ethnocultural identity formation. The studied views and assessments of ethnocultural identity are qualified on their qualitative reasons by means of the conceptual analysis method. Based on the synthesis of the considered particular concepts, elements of the general concept of building harmonious intercultural interaction in a multi-ethnic society are highlighted.

Annotation: For a long time, the Arctic region of the Russian Federation has been identified as one of the top priority areas for development, through the implementation of energy projects. These projects are an essential tool for the long-term growth of the nation's economy and industry. The tasks of sustainable industrial development through Arctic energy projects are certainly reflected in the country's strategic planning documents at the highest level. The article argues that the main tool for ensuring the sustainable development of industry in the Russian Federa- tion lies in the development and implementation of energy projects in the Arctic region. The article describes the factors influencing the need and importance of the implementation of energy projects in the Arctic territory, and also gives a description of existing energy projects and those that are planned to be introduced. The facts about the strategic importance of projects for the sustainable development of the industry of the Russian Federation as a whole are presented. Conclusions are made that there is a need for further development of the industry in the Russian Federation, specifically in terms of organizing the production of equipment for energy projects in the Arctic. The goal is to focus on the sustainable development of state-owned industrial enterprises, allowing them to reduce or eliminate their dependence on equipment supplied by foreign companies.

Annotation: The article is devoted to understanding the transformation of the historical concept of the symphony of powers and the religious tradition of conciliarity of society. The successful application of these concepts and traditions is predicted in the reconstruction of their essence (but not forms) as the idea of harmonious cooperation of au- thorities for the sake of the common good, as well as popular unity in the organization of modern civil society and public authority. The basis of such reconstruction is seen to be traditional values and the achievements of scientific and technological progress while ensuring a balance of private, group and common interests. The long history of interaction between society and the authorities of our state makes it possible to assess the posi- tive and negative consequences of using certain approaches in various periods of Russia’s development. It is concluded that effective modernization of public authority is possible only in alliance with civil society, relying on the spiritual, moral and state-legal traditions of Russia using the achievements of world state-legal science and practice, as well as modern technologies.

Annotation: The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that in modern society, the diverse and multi-stage pro- cesses of forming an individual’s social and personal identity are increasingly moving from offline to online space. The article examines the purpose, concept, motivation, strategies and tactics of digital self-presentation, as well as the features of the forming of personality socialization in the digital space. The possibility of socialization of an individual in a digital environment with the actualization of virtual self-presentation strategies is substanti- ated. The theoretical methods of research include the analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific material on the research topic. Using the questionnaire, the strategies of virtual self-presentation, which are the basis for the formation of the socialization of a digital personality, are highlighted. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the proposal of a new methodological approach to the forming of digital socialization of the younger generation. The practical application of the results of the work is possible in the process of socializa- tion of young people in the digital space and is especially important for the development of a digital approach in the educational environment.

Annotation: The article considers the application of telegram channel as a didactic means of digitalizing learning, which is dictated by the increasing role of mobile applications in society and the opportunities they can provide – interactivity, accessibility, speed of information ex-change, and receiving feedback. The meth- odology of this study is based on the concept of person-alized learning and some elements of the digital transformation strategy of education. The differ-entiation method as a tool for identifying the didactic and educational essence in the digital ser-vices used, a survey, and a pedagogical experiment were used as investigation methods. During the study the possibilities of using online services for educational purposes were analyzed. A ho-listic didactic solution for using the telegram channel for teaching biology at school has been de-veloped. Possible prospects of its use are shown, including at an in-depth level, and a set of func-tional tools is justified. An example of a learning channel for studying biology in the 9th grade is demonstrated, the author’s experience of using the service is summarized, confirming the im-provement of the accessibility and personalization of learning. The prospects for further develop-ment of educational technology using the telegram channel are proposed. The practical applica-bility of the research results is ensured by the possibility of replicating positive experience: for example, the creation of personal teacher channels based on the proposed approaches.

Annotation: The article evaluates the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast based on a comparison of the planned targets for the effectiveness of state support for small and medium- sized businesses and the results achieved so far. During the analysis, the main problems of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast were identified, such as an increase in the number of small and medium-sized businesses only at the expense of microenterprises; low number of employees employed by small and medium-sized businesses; the tendency of a significant increase in the number of self-employed citizens, in particular due to the transfer of many small and medium-sized business workers to self-employment. The article develops measures to eliminate the identified problems. The results of the study can be used to optimize and improve the effectiveness of state policy in the field of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow oblast.

Annotation: The current issues related to the false testimony by witnesses and victims as the most common way to counteract the investigation of crimes are considered. The concept of “false testimony” (“perjury”) is analyzed in relation to the forms of counteraction to the investigation, the essence of false testimony through the prism of witness immunity is revealed and the related issues are identified. The typical motives of counteraction in relation to the investigation of certain crimes, the preliminary investigation of which is not necessary, are highlighted, while the psychological component of the motivation of victims and witnesses is highlighted. Using the example of a specific criminal case initiated by the body of inquiry on the grounds of Part 1 of Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the mechanism of the considered method of counteraction is revealed. In this regard, a key problem is identified related to the need to strengthen the evidence base in criminal cases, investigative bodies of inquiry. On the basis of the above, a conclusion is formulated on the directions for ensuring effective identification and overcoming opposition to investigations in cases of this kind. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the current issues related to criminal violence during the implementation of a preventive measure in the form of detention. One of the most serious crimes that can occur in pre-trial detention centers is undoubtedly taking hostages. This act poses an increased public danger and is associated not only with the forced detention of a person, but also with the use or threat of violence against them, the possibility of illegal escape from detention and the potential for continued criminal activity. Currently, there are 210 pre-trial deten- tion centers and 71 premises operating as pre-trial detention facilities2 located on the territory of each region of the Russian Federation within the penal system. In this regard, the study of this topic is quite relevant, as the commission of such an act not only destabilizes the operations of this correctional facility, but also necessitates the activation of the entire law enforcement apparatus in the region. In the text of the article, the Russian Fed- eration is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: In modern conditions, innovation is becoming the most important factor in the sustainable development of countries. Russia lags significantly behind the world leaders in terms of innovation. This problem is aggravated by the low innovation activity of the regions, the imbalance in the development of innovations by subjects, and the lack of innovation systems in certain regions. The purpose of the study is to identify problems that hinder the development of innovations in the region and solve them through the development of a regional innovation system as a condition for the sustainable development. The methodological basis of the research was a systematic approach, including a set of methods: analysis, rating, index, historical methods. The result of the study was the clarification of the definition of the national innovation system and the forming of a functional model of the regional innovation system. The model is proposed to be considered not as a triunique system “state, university and business”, but as a unity of its 4 components, including state authorities, the education and science system, innovative entrepreneurship and innovative infrastructure. The core of this system is a person who is able to transform implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The presented functional model can serve as a conceptual basis for the forming of a regional innovation system and the development of a strategy for the development of innovative activity of the subject.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the possibilities of the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” in the forming of uni- versal competencies among cadets of military universities. The aim of the research is to ask what content and results of the study of the discipline will meet the requirements of regulatory legal documents, the realization by cadets of their internal potential and the formation of general psychological and pedagogical competence. The research uses methods of pedagogical design, forecasting and programming of the discipline’s educational material. The research methodology is based on competence-based and personal-activity approaches. The article actualizes as the main idea and main conclusion the importance of mastering discipline in the holistic personal and professional development of a cadet as a future officer. It is proved that the content of the discipline develops such universal competencies as “Systemic and critical thinking”, “Teamwork and leadership”, “Self-organization and self-development”, “Inclusive competence”. Unlike other articles that are similar in subject, an integrated and holistic approach to the forming of universal competencies among students in higher education in the dis- cipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” is recommended. The author’s recommendations on the results of training in the development of universal competencies by cadets are proposed, the pedagogical conditions for effective programming of the study of the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” are substantiated. The scope of the article is not limited to military universities, it is of interest to the organizers of psychological and pedagogical education in higher and secondary vocational education.

Annotation: This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the norms of domestic legislation on banks, the banking system of the Russian Federation and banking activities, as well as the identification of the main trends in its development. The article analyzes the amendments and additions made to the current legislation, primar- ily to the provisions of the Federal Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”, which is one of the key regulatory legal acts regulating the functioning of the Russian banking system. The article identifies the main innovations in domestic legislation on banking operations. A number of proposals is also formulated, which is aimed at clarify- ing and supplementing the conceptual apparatus used in this Law, with the aim of further improving the legal regulation of banking operations in Russia. The relevance of the study of innovations in banking legislation is beyond doubt. The explosive growth in the number of banking products offered to the public and legal entities is observed. The increasing debt burden of the population and, as a result, an increase in the total number of bankruptcy procedures for individuals forces the legislator to “hone” the basic definitions of the Law.

Annotation: The article studies the impact of the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems on the bio-geospheres of our planet. Contradiction between hydrogen energy and its environmental goals occurs already at the stage of hydrogen production. The prospect of hydrogen production from low-molecular sulfur compounds, which re- habilitates the ecology of enclosed water bodies, has been revealed. The study is based on a block diagram that reveals the dominants of interaction in the bio-geosphere of the planet during the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems. The interaction of 2 global natural mechanisms of water generation and its adsorption is revealed. It is noted that with the globalization of hydrogen energy of economic systems, unacceptably high gen- eration of NOx and the replacement of CO2 emissions with H2O leads to the instability of biosystems and, thus, the phenomenon of life. Therefore, the global trend of dubious decarbonization of economic systems actualizes the assessment of its impact on the sustainability of economic systems as carriers of the phenomenon of life. For this purpose, a way of formalization is proposed to create the foundations of a scientific and methodological ap- proach to assess the consistency and sustainability of economic systems in the globalization of hydrogen energy.

Annotation: The article assesses the economic implication of microscopy technologies on the global market by creating an econometric model. Microscopic technologies, including optical, electronic, scanning probe and digital micro- scopes, play a key role in stimulating innovation and productivity in various industries. However, the economic significance of these technologies has not yet been fully assessed. The aim of the study is to fill this gap by quantifying the impact of key factors, such as R&D expenditure, the number of patents filed, the level of adop- tion, government funding, technological advancements, industrial output, workforce size, and global economic growth. During the study, a comprehensive review of relevant literature has been conducted, relevant data has been collected, an econometric model has been developed and verified, regression analysis has been performed, and the results have been interpreted. The conclusions provide information on the relative significance of these factors in shaping the global market for microscopy technologies, helping policymakers, industry representa- tives, and researchers understand the economic implications of investing in and developing these technologies.

Annotation: The rapidly changing world directly affects the educational sphere. The university teaching staff constantly has to solve new psychological, pedagogical and methodological issues. Undoubtedly, teaching approaches must take into account the needs of modern students and adapt to the specificities of socio-economic and political reality. Presently, from the point of view of teaching methods, the pronunciation of native English speakers is no longer perceived as an absolute norm and a standard to follow. When teaching English as a language of international communication (lingua franca), the goal of developing phonetic skills is to achieve intelligibility of speech in professional communication and the ability to understand a wide range of accents. As practice shows, working on improving pronunciation skills of university students has a number of issues. Students should not feel uncomfort- able during pronunciation training. Today, personalization of the learning process is becoming a current trend in higher education. The article proposes the authors’ model of teaching pronunciation based on P2P method and development of an individual trajectory. The practical significance of the study is observed in the critical analysis of the experimental training conducted, and in the possibility of using the described technique when teaching a foreign language at a university.

Annotation: Over the past more than 10 years, there has been an annual decrease in the number of convicts serving sentences of imprisonment. Moreover, a decrease is observed in all categories of convicts, regardless of their gender and age. This is undoubtedly a positive trend, given the rather modest possibilities of correctional institutions for the correction of persons held in them. However, with a general decline in the number, criminal statistics indicate a continuing trend of an increase in the share of female crime both in the total volume of recorded crimes and in the number of convicts serving imprisonment. The authors of the article, among the social reasons for this negative phenomenon, pay attention to such a growing social and gender-psychological phenomenon as female masculinity, which increasingly affects the choice of violence by the weaker sex as a way to resolve conflicts. According to the authors, the time-tested classification of women into categories depending on the severity of the committed act and the recurrence of crimes should be restored. Thus, it will be possible not only to prevent criminal infection of women serving imprisonment for the first time (70 %), but also to contribute to the realiza- tion of such a goal of punishment as the restoration of social justice at the stage of execution of punishment. In its most general form, it can be formulated as: “Different for what has been done”. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The trial is the central stage of the criminal proceedings, during which all the evidence gathered during the investigation of the criminal case is examined. Quite often, forensic examinations that were carried out during the preliminary investigation are subject to thorough investigation. In the course of judicial proceedings, situations may arise where the court identifies inconsistencies in the con- clusions and research part of an examination, inconsistencies between the findings of multiple examinations, expert incompetence, and other issues that affect the thoroughness and clarity of a forensic investigation, and ultimately its objectivity. In such a situation, in order to determine the truth in a case, it is necessary to conduct additional, repeated forensic examinations as part of the trial process. The authors analyzed the judicial practice of appointing various types of forensic examinations in judicial investiga- tions. This made it possible to identify violations committed during the examinations in the course of the prelimi- nary investigation, and, therefore, to summarize the grounds for the appointment of forensic examinations within the framework of a judicial investigation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article explores the topic of formal description and normalization of the generally accepted concept of “address” in the database. The relevance of the work is due to the high degree of variability of addresses and the need to create a significant number of grammatical rules for their formal description and normalization. The article proposes an approach to summarize the rules of this description. The criterion of sets equivalence of generated address strings is formulated. A system of formal grammar rules has been developed that converts a set of address details values into a string form. The address bar is considered as a linguistic variable, the source of which is the required address, transformed according to the rules of the generative grammar. In turn, each request address is considered as the result of converting the corresponding address bar using the rules of the recognizing grammar. Using the method of logical categorization of the conversion process of a specific address, an address tree has been built, the paths of which determine the structure of each address bar. A theoretical model is proposed for the automatic conversion of a mandatory normalized address into a string form. The results obtained can be useful for designers of information systems containing address description data or interacting with them.

Annotation: The article examines the teamwork skills in medical students and the development of a pedagogical technol- ogy aimed to form the components of teamwork competence. A psychological and pedagogical experiment was conducted at the Altai State Medical University using the method of sociometric analysis in order to assess the relationship structure and the relationships its elves in the group. During the study correctional and developmen- tal work was carried out in the experimental group of students using interactive teaching methods (discussion, project work, creative group work). Short-term, middle-term and long-term perspectives (goals) were realized by specially developed educational tasks which correlated with the aim of teambuilding in the group. The result of the psychological and pedagogical experiment was an increased cohesion of the group and potential to solve group problems in a team. The proposed pedagogical technology based on interactive flexible teaching methods allows removing the limits that are naturally present in medical education: this is mainly an individual learning style when mastering a large volume of medical information. The results obtained make it possible to expand theoretical ideas about the prospects of using the potential of humanities in becoming a specialist in the field of medicine and his/her willingness to work in a team.

Annotation: The purpose of the work is to investigate the regulatory framework of aesthetic medicine. The importance and role of beauty medicine in the life of a modern person are revealed, the legislative regulation of cosmetology and plastic surgery is considered, the most significant contradictions and gaps in the regulatory regulation of relations in the studied branch of medicine are identified, its key problems that require an integrated approach for their solution are identified. The medical nature of cosmetic procedures and plastic surgeries is substantiated, due to their impact on the entire human body and the impact on its health as a whole. Opinions were expressed on Draft Law No. 580179-8 “On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"” and Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Consumer Protection”. The authors believe that the scientific doctrine of medical law is faced with the task of developing its own concept of aesthetic medicine, as well as finding new approaches to establishing legal regulation in this area. The methodo- logical basis of the research was formed by such methods of scientific research as special-legal, system-structural, logical-theoretical, comparative analysis of the study of socio-legal phenomena in their dialectical development. Proposals have been developed to improve the legal regulation of aesthetic medicine.

Annotation: The article postulates the natural commonality of geospheres, biosphere and society with its economic systems. Thus, the phenomenon of life is represented as a unidirectional self-organization of biosystems in the flow of Pri- mary energy. The task of the study is to identify possible anthropogenic strategies for managing the preservation and development of the phenomenon of life. The boundary condition of the issue is determined: the adaptation of two biosystems with different directions of self-organization and inertia under the influence of both internal and external fluctuations. A continuous cyclic process of adaptation of biosystems with statistical and bifurca- tion character is revealed. It is noted that the economic systems of society, providing the phenomenon of life, involving the resources of the geospheres and the biosphere, are hypersensitive to perturbations and adapt in the “online” mode. The identified five adaptation strategies are distinguished by natural spatial localization and combinatoriality. The proposed formalization of natural processes and the revealed patterns can form the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to the search for optimal adaptation strategies.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of preparing future teachers of the Russian language for the organization of educational and research activities of schoolchildren. The object of the study is the process of preparing stu- dents of a pedagogical university for future professional activity. The subject of the study is the preparation of students of philology to implementation of the guidelines the educational and research activities of schoolchil- dren. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey of students of the Philological Faculty of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. In addition to the expected areas of interest for university students in terms of conducting research, the survey made it possible to identify areas fr om other fields of knowledge. The results of the survey and the general experience of teachers in philology have allowed us to expand the methodologi- cal recommendations for organizing and conducting educational research for students of philology, as well as to clarify the tasks for preparing them for implementing the guidelines for schoolchildren’s research activities. The article also provides methodological techniques of work implemented in the practice of teaching a separate discipline on the basics of organizing research activities. The development of methodological approaches to the forming of research skills among future teachers of Russian language and literature can contribute to improving the effectiveness of the organization of educational research in a school environment, wh ere the teacher will act as a supervisor directing the research activity of schoolchildren.

Annotation: Over the past few years, the attention of regulators to digital assets has increased dramatically, especially after the loss of consumer confidence as a result of a number of high-profile bankruptcies of crypto companies, fraud and irrational use of customer funds which occurred on the market in 2022. The risk to market integrity indi- cates the need for a rapid and global approach to regulatory policy and supervisory system to ensure enhanced consumer protection. In this regard, the topic of this work is undoubtedly relevant. The article examines ap- proaches to the definition of digital assets, considers their classification, and analyzes current regulatory trends in diffenert countries. As a result of the study, a number of conclusions were made. First, despite the lack of a legally established and universally accepted definition of digital assets, they generally refer to anything that is stored in digital form, can be uniquely identified, and that a business can use to generate value. Second, a significant number of countries are conducting research and developing legislation to integrate digital assets, as a rule, into the existing financial services framework, paying special attention to the assurance of reliability, transparency, and the implementation of anti-money laundering and prevention of legalization of proceeds from crime. However, the rate of action, the approaches, the services and products covered, and even the definitions and terminology used remain highly disparate.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of production and consumption waste getting into the environment, which deteriorate its quality significantly. This task is multifaceted, and its solution requires systematic approach. Analysis of the waste accumulation process indicates their significant quantitative growth and the necessity to take more effective actions for their disposal. Certain opportunities for solving the issues under consideration are provided by “green” technologies and cyclical economic models, which have been introduced into practice by a number of countries and have already largely revealed the hidden potential of these resources. In order to revise the approaches to this problem, it is necessary to change its very vision and consider it from the point of view of secondary production resources, on the basis of which new efficient productions can be created. Particular attention in the work is paid to the waste related to the agricultural sector (AS). The article presents the most promising areas for secondary resources recycling. Conclusions are made about the need for a radical change in views on the production of consumer goods (using the example of the AS) and the creation of an industry infrastructure for the rapid exchange and trade in secondary raw materials.

Annotation: The article examines aspects of research, assessment and use of expert opinions at the trial stage, which have categorical and probabilistic conclusions. The authors indicate that at various stages of criminal procedural activity, the legislator has approached the use of probabilistic conclusions in judicial practice differently. The views of theorists and practitioners do not have an unambiguous approach to this issue. The case law demonstrates that probabilistic conclusions can be used in criminal evidence. However, they ac- quire evidentiary value only if the general requirements of relevance, admissibility and reliability are met, as well as taking into account the special requirement of scientific validity and in conjunction with other evidence. The point of view on the inadmissibility of a probabilistic expert conclusion as evidence in a court verdict will remain dominant for a long time. At the same time, there will be an excessive focus on categorical judgments that do not always reflect the reality and validity of the conclusions made. It seems that in such a situation, the legislator is obliged to clearly determine the admissibility or inadmissibility of an expert’s probabilistic conclu- sion as evidence in a court verdict. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The aim of the research is to determine the specifics and pathways of developing national identity of future foreign language teachers in the context of a multicultural environment at a language university, considering the modernization of higher education within the framework of the 3++ standard in the field of “Philology’’. The research is based on the postulate that the study of a foreign language can influence the development of national identity at the individual level, as in some cases it can form a competing national identity and lead to an imbalance in value hierarchy. The authors propose a system for developing national identity in students at a language university within the context of foreign language education and intercultural approach. This system encompasses the following elements: 1) a rational understanding of cultural material and critical thinking, 2) the forming of a sense of involvement in regional and local community issues, 3) the creation of patterns of civic behavior and intercultural communication. The necessity of mobilizing the cultural and linguistic experience of students is emphasized to prepare them for dialogue with representatives of equal cultures and to prevent intercultural conflicts.

Annotation: Bribery as a form of criminal behavior associated with the activities of government bodies creates a system of illegal advantages in access to power, material resources and benefits, thus excluding free market competition, violating the principles of democracy and social justice in society. The article analyzes the current state of the struggle against bribery. The official statistical data of the Judicial Department and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the state of corruption crime confirm the relevance of this issue. The increase in the number of crimes related to bribery and mediation in bribery may indicate, on the one hand, the active work of law enforcement agencies in identifying and increasing the detection of these crimes. However, it may also indicate the insufficient, weak, and ineffective preventive work of regulatory agencies. The article distinguishes between the concepts of “corruption”, “bribery”, “tampering”, reveals the methods of bribery. Problematic issues are raised regarding the distinction between bribery and related offenses, determining the subject of a bribe. Legal and other means of combating bribery are indicated. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This study examines the impact of global economic trends on Russian online retail networks and offers strategic insights for retailers. Through qualitative analysis of secondary data, including scientific literature and industry reports, key trends such as economic growth rates, trade policies, technological advances, and consumer behavior are investigated. The analysis shows that global economic fluctuations, trade policies, and technological innova- tions have a significant impact on Russian online retail. Opportunities for retailers include expanding into new markets and utilizing advanced technology. However, threats such as competition and supply chain disruptions need to be investigated thoroughly. Case studies of successful retailers provide valuable insights into effective strategies for adapting to global trends. These studies conclude with recommendations for Russian online retail- ers to improve their competitiveness. These recommendations include the introduction of advanced technologies, better understanding of consumer behavior, and addressing regulatory issues. Further research could explore specific trends or industries within the Russian online retail market.

Annotation: The study is devoted to the analysis of the deficits of students of a pedagogical university in preparation for volunteering at school. The study of the causes and factors that reduce the success of educational activities in the field of volunteering by future teachers in their interaction with schoolchildren is conducted. As a result of interviewing and surveying students of pedagogical specialties, deficiencies were identified in the field of personal motivation of students for volunteer activities and organizing it at school, which can negatively affect their further practical work in this aspect in the future. Promising areas for overcoming the identified difficul- ties in the field of training students of a pedagogical university are identified. These include the development and implementation of a special educational course in the system of professional training of future teachers to develop the skills of students to organize volunteer activities at school, the inclusion of methods of motivating volunteering in the program of this course.

Annotation: The article describes the problems of legal qualification of the actions of customers on the transfer of func- tions for the acceptance of goods supplied under a contract concluded in accordance with the legislation on the contract system in the field of procurement to meet state and municipal needs. The current situation is analyzed taking into account the current law enforcement practice. The author comes to the conclusion that there are objective prerequisites for making changes in the regulation of relations arising during procure- ment for public needs in order to streamline the practice of applying legislation on the contract system, in particular when accepting goods, works, and services. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the need for a clear delineation of the powers and responsibilities of all participants in the execution of a state contract, both on the part of the customer and on the part of the contractor. Given the close attention of regulatory and supervisory authorities to the full and timely execution of government contracts concluded as a result of procurement procedures, it is extremely important for the customer and the contractor of the state contract to flawlessly accept goods, works or services and complete final settlements within the prescribed period.

Annotation: The article explores the implicative information relations in the information field. The ambiguity of implicative information relations makes it possible to use them to build a universal methodology that can describe processes, transitions or relationships in different contexts. A technique for constructing implicative models for describing relationships and processes based on the formal apparatus of implications is proposed. Examples of the con- struction of implicative information structures are given and their interpretation is given. The difference between binary and trinary implicative constructions is shown. Implicative information constructions applicable for causal analysis are considered. The content of the antecedent, sequence and consequent in the trinitarian implication is revealed. Categorical transitions are described using implicative models. The application of implicative models in qualitative analysis is described. A new concept of “parametric implicative model” has been introduced. The principle of formal interpretability of the parametric implicative model is demonstrated, which allows for a comparative analysis of situations and objects. In this way, it helps to streamline the analysis procedures and substantiate the decisions made.

Annotation: The essence of a sustainable infrastructure project is defined as a project aimed at creating durable infrastructure facilities that are generated taking into account the ability to eliminate or reduce the adverse environmental, social and economic consequences of the project. It’s justified that in conditions of the existing investment gap, limited op- portunities for public financing, economic recession, climate crisis and social contradictions, the implementation of sustainable infrastructure projects through public-private partnership (PPP) contracts is of particular importance. The realization of such projects makes it possible to increase the volume, quality and accessibility of public goods for all groups of the population while ensuring favorable results in the format of sustainable development. It’s concluded that PPP represents an effective tool for achieving sustainable development goals and compliance with the ESG criteria in the infrastructure. The features of the creation and fulfillment of sustainable infrastructure projects PPP, external and internal environmental factors that stimulate their scale and success in the modern Russian economy are revealed.

Annotation: Currently, the importance of regulating relations related to the processing of personal data is beyond doubt: bills are considered at the legislative level, regulations are adopted, the Federal Service for Supervision of Communica- tions, Information Technology and Mass Media systematically provides thematic explanations, and personal data operators, in turn, take the necessary measures to protect them. At the same time, in practice, difficulties arise in ensuring the necessary level of security of personal data, interpretation and application of individual provisions of the legislation in the field of personal data. The article attempts to analyze the existing judicial practice on the application of individual provisions of the Federal Law “On Personal Data”. The author concludes that law enforcement agencies should be focused on developing approaches supported by reasoned conclusions regarding the consideration of cases on bringing personal data operators to responsibility for violating relevant provisions of legislation in the field of personal data. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the subjective signs of an encroachment on the life of a law enforcement officer, since the number of such acts is currently increasing, and therefore this topic is very relevant. The subject of the study is a criminal law norm that provides for liability for an encroachment on the life of a law enforcement officer. The purpose of the study is to substantiate proposals for improving legislation based on an analysis of the characteristics of the subject and the subjective side of the crime provided for in Art. 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The content of the article discusses examples from law enforcement practice on the qualification of this crime, taking into account the subjective characteristics of the crime and in accordance with judicial interpretation. The following methods were used during the research: formal logical, comparative legal, as well as analysis, synthesis, and deduction. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors made proposals to change the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in order to more accurately qualify the considered act. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article describes the intricate and multifaceted energy cooperation between Russia and China, using the Power of Siberia project as a case study. The author analyses the strategic partnership that results from combin- ing Russian energy resources with China’s consumption market. On the basis of a comprehensive examination of economic and political factors, the key elements that contribute to enhancing energy security and promoting economic growth in both nations are revealed. At the same time, the challenges and risks associated with such collaboration are highlighted, including the potential political instability and increased dependence. The results of the study show that in order to achieve maximum efficiency and minimize risks, careful strategic planning and flexible management of international relations are necessary. The author provides several recommendations for enhancing the energy partnership, such as diversifying energy routes and promoting joint technological innova- tion. As a conclusion, it is highlighted that successful Russian-Chinese energy collaboration has the potential to serve as a model for other international energy collaborations, contributing to global stability and prosperity.

Annotation: The article explores implicit knowledge in information retrieval. There is a tendency to increase the volume of information, including in information networks. This trend motivates research in the field of information retrieval. An increase in the volume of information leads to an increase in hidden knowledge and information uncertainty. The taxonomy of the reasons for the inadequacy of the search in the information network is given. These reasons are divided into objective and cognitive. The difference between morphological and semantic search is shown. A set-theoretic model for describing the search for information and its results is proposed. Three main types of information retrieval are described. The difference between the search for information and the search for knowledge is shown. The qualitative difference between ontological and traditional information search is shown. The reasons for the appearance of implicit knowledge in practical activities and scientific research are shown. A formal description of the ontological search, including a component of implicit knowledge, is given. The criteria for the presence of implicit knowledge, which can be obtained through an ontological search, are shown. The results of this study contribute to the development of information retrieval methods, ontological search and the identification of implicit knowledge.

Annotation: The article is devoted to analysis the current territorial structure of the global mergers and acquisitions market. The factors of transformation of the modern territorial structure of the mergers and acquisitions market are considered. It is determined that the main factors are: the level of socio-economic development of the country; the competitive advantages of the country; the currency factor; the state policy of regulating the process of merg- ers and acquisitions; the degree of internationalization, transnationalization, globalization of the economy; the foreign direct investment. Each of the factors is characterized by certain indicators, the main of which are: the volume and structure of resources; the volume of total wealth and the level of well-being; the index of global competitiveness; the number and structure of freely convertible currencies; foreign exchange reserves and their distribution between countries and regions; exchange rates and their dynamics; ways to stimulate and limit uni fication transactions; interstate agreements; the index of globalization; the geographical focus of foreign direct investment. Based on the results of the analysis, the main direction of transformation of the territorial structure of the mergers and acquisitions market has been determined.

Annotation: The article reveals the importance of applying the approach of career-guidance tours in training specialists in the direction of “Technosphere Safety”. Professions in this area are associated with emergency situations and require the acquisition of special competencies. The article considers the principles of creation and functioning of professionally oriented volunteer organizations, on the basis of which career-guidance tours are carried out for students and advanced acquaintance with the practical side of the chosen specialty is realized. The important role of integrating informal activities of students into the educational program in the direction of training is noted. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey among students. The method of comparative analysis of the obtained empirical data was used as a diagnostic tool. A comparative assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of employment of university graduates was made. High efficiency of applying the approach of career-guidance tours in training specialists in technosphere safety is noted. The results obtained can be implemented in the development of educational technologies, pedagogical methods and teaching methods at all levels of professional education.

Annotation: The article discusses scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of customs warehouse procedures in organizing cross-border electronic commerce in Russia and EAEU countries. The authors explain that for the purpose of assessing the budgetary and socio-economic effectiveness of the customs warehouse procedure, it is necessary to take into account not only export and import indicators, but also macroeconomic criteria for the effectiveness of foreign trade: GDP, consumption, customs duties and fees. To do this, it is recommended to improve the policy of collection and payment of customs tariffs when placing goods under the procedure of a customs warehouse in Russia. The positive dynamics of changes in cash flows from the introduction of new tariffs will ensure the stimulation of economic and budgetary growth in the context of state reserves of the Rus- sian Federation. The article notes that the result of the introduction of recommended evaluation indicators to measure the effectiveness of the customs warehouse procedure may be the macroeconomic stability of foreign trade operations, which can increase effective demand and stimulate the growth of customs payments.

Annotation: The article explores the category of “correspondence” in the field of information field and information modeling. The category of “correspondence” has a multifaceted nature of existence in terms of form, content, and relation- ships between objects. Correspondence can be a function, an image, a computational or logical operation, a way of transmitting information units, etc. Correspondence can be considered as a relationship, as a property between two entities, as a result of comparing information objects, as an assessment of the results of an infor- mation search. Correspondence can be procedural, semantic, morphological, structural, etc. Different types of correspondence determine the relevance of its research. The article presents a systematics of correspondences according to formal and applied features. The content of the correspondences of formal and applied meaning is revealed. Generalized properties of the category “correspondence” and its complement “nonconformity” are presented in terms of set theory and mathematical logic. The difference between full and partial correspondence is shown. It is shown that an important category of correspondence is ontological correspondence, which al- lows the formation of knowledge, and information correspondence, which is a composite correspondence in the information field. The developed foundations of the theory of correspondence between information objects are aimed at expanding and clarifying the formalized procedures of information retrieval and information modeling, and identifying implicit knowledge.

Annotation: The aim of the study is to highlight the problems associated with the features of legal regulation of internet shops as information intermediaries. The article provides a comparative analysis and identifies the features and problems of legal regulation of Internet shops as information intermediaries. The issues of defining the essence of online shops and the need to expand the responsibility of operators of digital platforms for the products sup- plied through their intermediation are raised. New ways of electronic commerce have become firmly established in everyday life, changing the “behavior” of the seller of goods, the intermediary – the online store and the buyer. The rapid, “explosive” growth in the volume of trade of electronic platforms forces the legislator to take into account the social and economic importance of regulating these legal relations. The combination of new technologies for the sale, delivery and acceptance of goods with established norms of civil legislation and, in particular, the federal law “On Consumer Protection” dictates amendments to a number of legislative acts. The methodological basis of the research was formed up of general scientific methods of cognition, formal legal, comparative legal, legal and technical methods. It is concluded that it is necessary to revise the legal regulation of the sales contract, taking into account the features of e-commerce.

Annotation: The article is focused on the study of geoinformation morphism in the geoinformation field. Despite the actual application of this approach and method, theoretical studies in this area have not been conducted. Geoinfor- mation morphism and categorical morphism have similarities and differences. Geoinformation morphism is a morphism of spatial transformations. Geoinformation morphism makes it possible to link logical relations, spatial relations, categorical relations and functional connections into a single analytical complex. The content of geoinformation morphism is revealed. The analogy between the logical square and the commutative diagram from category theory is shown. The relationship of geoinformation morphism with information morphism is shown. The content of three types of geoinformation morphism is revealed: bijective geoinformation morphism, injective geoinformation morphism, surjective geoinformation morphism. The qualitative difference in the tasks solved by these types of morphism is shown. Three types of geoinformation morphism complement each other and allow solving problems of spatial transformations. Recommendations are given for the development of the direction of research of geoinformation morphism.

Annotation: In the article, within the framework of scientific approaches, the corpus delicti was analyzed, as a result of which the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines were violently damaged. The possibilities of determining the perpetrators of this crime were explored. The concealment of information and its distortion by the world media, the silence of some members of the international community, and the refraining of some permanent and nonpermanent members of the UN Security Council from assessing this crime, as well as the failure of international decision-makers to launch an investigation at the international level, all indicate that there are attempts to create physical and geographical obstacles to the disclosure and investigation of these crimes. The study shows that this crime can be classified as a complex offense that has exposed the vulnerability of the infrastructure used to exchange goods and services through the waters of the seas and oceans. It is not covered by the direct protection of national jurisdiction, as it falls outside the sovereignty of States. The commission of such crimes can threaten not only the economic security of countries, but also their sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Annotation: In this research paper, the author raises the acute issue of depopulation of rural areas of the Russian Federation at the present time. Statistical data confirming the occurrence of depopulation process over a long period of time are presented. The author identifies the main causes of the decline of rural areas and identifies the relationship between the level of socio-economic development of rural areas and the state of the main transport infrastructure. The study confirms that a well-developed transport infrastructure acts as a catalyst for economic growth in rural areas, providing access to markets, stimulating local production and attracting investment. However, using the example of assessing the condition of highways in federal districts, it was revealed that the current quality and length of transport routes have only a minor impact on the economic growth of territories. Taking into account the specificities and needs of rural areas, an integrated approach to the development of transport infrastructure is of great importance. The author concludes that a possible solution to the problem of rural depopulation through the development of road transport infrastructure, as well as its impact on achieving a high level of food security in the country.

Annotation: The article highlights the problematic issues of conducting such an investigative action as interrogation dur ing a preliminary investigation through the use of video conferencing systems. The issues of interrogation have always been and are an urgent topic, because it occupies a special place in the system of investigative actions and there are practically no criminal cases during which interrogations would not be carried out to obtain evi- dentiary information. The author pays attention to the issues of using video conferencing during interrogations conducted with the participation of suspects accused during the preliminary investigation. The rules for the use of remote technologies during interrogation are considered, and also a number of doubts about the possibility of observing the procedural guarantees of participants during interrogation by using video conferencing systems are expressed. The article highlights the difficulties that arise when familiarizing with the protocol of an inter- rogation conducted using a video conferencing system. The author substantiates the conclusions about the need to amend and supplement the criminal procedure law in order to eliminate the identified problems.

Annotation: The article describes and suggests a mechanism for upgrading complex systems based on regeneration technology. A new concept of “component complex system” is introduced in order to highlight the high level of complexity of systems and the use of special update technologies. The article provides a systematics of component complex systems. The difference between independent component renewal and regeneration of component complex systems is shown. The conditions for the expedient application of the regeneration mechanism for component complex systems are described. When regenerating a complex system, the main criterion is the criterion of the quality of its functioning. The standards GOST R ISO/IEC 25010-2015 and ISO/IEC 25010:2011 were chosen as the basis for compliance with this criterion. These standards are based on the model of a component trinitarian system. The article provides a formal description of the information component of a complex system and a description of the procedure for its regeneration. For comparison, a formal description of the additive system is given. The research results provide an alternative to reengineering technologies. They can find application in the moderni- zation of information systems and information services, implemented on the basis of modern methods and tools.

Annotation: This article examines the compatibility of the lean manufacturing concept with Industry 4.0 technologies. The author analyzes the transition to the new fourth industrial revolution, what are its characteristics and how it interacts with the concept of “lean production”. Both Lean Manufacturing and the Fourth Industrial Revolution have the common goal of increasing production efficiency, but they use different types of tools and methods to achieve it. On the basis of the research, a summary table of the compatibility of individual tools of this concept with Industry 4.0 technologies was compiled. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding the methods of both systems in achieving high results in international commercial activities associated with a particular type of production, as well as the combination of two concepts to extract maximum benefits in the context of chang- ing general conditions under the influence of the fourth industrial revolution. The study may be useful for top managers, scientists, specialists in the field of personnel management and production processes, crisis managers and practitioners interested in the development of production process management systems.

Annotation: This study examines the impact of search engine optimization (SEO) on regional sales and business performance, using the Sushiset case study as a focal point. The study highlights the significant role of search engine optimiza- tion algorithms in enhancing visibility, driving traffic, and ultimately increasing revenue and profitability. The research begins with an initial assessment of Sushiset’s SEO performance, followed by a detailed analysis of implemented strategies including keyword research, on-page and off-page optimization, content creation, tech- nical enhancements, and local SEO. The project also explores the financial implications of these SEO efforts, showcasing an increase in revenue by 40 % and profit by 80 %, alongside a reduction in customer acquisition costs by 40 %. These results underscore the effectiveness of SEO in achieving substantial financial growth and improving marketing efficiency. The study is concluded by discussing the broader implications of these findings for global economic contexts and offers practical recommendations for businesses aiming to leverage SEO strate- gies for regional market expansion. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for exploring emerging SEO trends, the integration of advanced analytics, and the refinement of SEO algorithms to sustain competitive advantage. This research contributes valuable insights into the economic significance of SEO and provides actionable strategies for optimizing business performance in a digital landscape.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the general university philosophy course has a huge ideological potential, which, according to pedagogical experience, which is hardly used in modern educational technolo- gies. The object of the research is the didactic features of the students’ study of the «basic issue of philosophy». The subject of the study is the presentation of Pascal’s wager to students as the basis for a person’s ideological choice. The aim of the work is to substantiate the metaphysical asymmetry of this choice. The research methods are intellectual experiment, comparative analysis, inference by analogy and empirical generalization. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the assertion of the priority of a person’s religious choice against his secular orientation. The field of application of the research results is multidimensional educational interactions and didactic strategies in both secondary and higher education. The second part of the article examines the di- dactic and ideological aspects of the study of the famous Pascal’s wager by the students in the course of general philosophy. Pascal’s wager is an almost mathematically accurate answer to the question of which life navigation system is better for a person to choose: the one, which is oriented towards materialism and atheism or the one, which is oriented towards philosophical idealism and theism.

Annotation: The article examines the reasons and conditions for the development of the dairy farming industry, depending on the quality of government support measures provided to milk producers. The analysis of regional government support measures, including compensation of part of the cost of purchasing technological equipment, preferential loans, subsidies for the export of milk and dairy products, showed that the priority role is played by the factor of preservation of the dairy herd. As a scientific aspect, the article reveals the systematization of economic and technological factors for increasing production efficiency in the dairy farming industry. The article considers options for solutions in the field of minimizing industry risks: diversification of the order portfolio in the dairy market; limiting stocks of drinking milk; insurance of technological equipment. As a result of the study, measures of state support for dairy farming industry entities were systematized in three key blocks: direct measures in the form of subsidies; indirect measures to support industry entities to reimburse costs for labeling products; mixed measures, including support for the transportation of priority dairy products.

Annotation: Traditional models of the recurrent neural network (RNN), such as LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit), have long been used for time series analysis, but have limitations in learning on long sequences and high computational requirements. Recent advances in time series forecasting have shown a de- crease in their importance. In this article, a new RNN architecture with linear temporal complexity and lower memory consumption is proposed. During the study, the proposed RNN model was tested and its performance was evaluated for various temporal series analysis tasks. The presented results of the experiment show that the proposed model is superior to modern alternatives. The competitiveness of the model was confirmed by comparison with advanced models such as PatchTST and TimesNet. In addition, the proposed model surpassed the perfor- mance of models based on multilayer perceptrons (MLP) and proved to be more effective than models based on transformers. The proposed RNN architecture may become a promising direction for future research in this field.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the assessment and interpretation of the university’s research potential related to the goals of sustainable development of society. The subject of the study is the content of university scientists’ publications in the context of the Agenda 2030 adopted by the international community. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution “Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University”. The content analysis of the text of the publications of university scientists using the method of mathematical programming and the Statistica 10.0 statistical package, which includes factor analysis of the data array by the principal component method, was carried out. The application of the principal component analysis based on the pairwise correlation coefficients of the initial and generalized factors is demonstrated. The interpretation of the results of content analysis based on statistical processing of keywords from the text of scientific articles and the creation of an ordination plot of keywords in the space of factors is carried out. On the basis of the conducted content analysis, the possibilities of interdisciplinary research directions are identified. An interdisciplinary approach to conducting scientific research at the university is proposed. This approach is aimed at achieving a synergistic effect in obtaining new knowledge in the field of sustainable development. It is noted that mastering the methodology of interdisciplinary scientific research makes it possible to obtain results in combined fields of knowledge and form universal research competencies.

Annotation: The article analyzes the nature of the crime within the framework of scientific approaches, as a result of which pipelines laid in the Baltic Sea from the mainland of the Russian Federation to the mainland of the Federal Republic of Germany, known as Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2, were violently damaged; the possibilities of determining the perpetrators of this crime are explored. The concealment of information and its “distortion” by the world media, the silence of one part of the international community and the abstention from assessing this crime by a number of permanent and non-permanent members of the UN Security Council at a meeting held on March 27, 2023, the failure of the international decision to launch the investigation process at the international level, actually show that a multi-level controlled security, intelligence and information operation in the direction of interference (physical, geographical), infrastructural interdependence, interdependence in the field of mass media, the interdependence between the crime and the perpetrators. The investigation shows that this criminal act can be classified as an international State crime, that the crime was committed by an alliance of States organized in the form of a criminal association. The results also show the intention of the perpetrator, under the auspices of the UN Security Council, to exclude the possibility of an independent “criminal investigation”, counting on the “pas- sage of time”, which may interfere with obtaining relevant evidence. Of all the above, the attack on the “Northern Stream” pipelines is a complex crime that has shown the vulnerability of the infrastructure through which goods and services are exchanged across the waters of the seas and oceans, as it does not fall under the sovereignty, which means that they are not under the direct protection of the national jurisdiction of States. The commission of these crimes may threaten not only economic security but also the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to identify the features of modern methods of the corporate system of training and development of employees and develop recommendations for increasing the efficiency of these processes based on the experience of foreign specialists. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: the importance of new digital technologies and their implementation for the activities of organizations was shown; the most frequently implemented and used digital technologies in Russian organizations are highlighted: cloud services, big data, data centers, Internet of things; the need to formulate a strategic employee development program has been proven, which includes measures to familiarize oneself with the corporate culture, career planning, eliminate deficiencies in professional skills and provide constant feedback. As a result of the study, an effective system of training and development of employees was formed, which includes the following methods: mentoring; mutual learning; pre-employment training; “microlearning” The results obtained can be used both by teachers in the field of economics and by current managers of various organizations.

Annotation: The procurement of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs affects the interests of a wide range of people. The article discusses ways to invalidate state and municipal contracts due to violations of procure- ment rules. The analysis of approaches to the recognition of state and municipal contracts as invalid is carried out by comparing the application of legislation in the field of procurement of goods, works and services and the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The issue of improving legislation in the field of procurement of goods, works and services is raised in terms of including special grounds for invalidation of contracts. The author considers the established judicial practice based on general provisions on the invalidity of transactions, including approaches to invalidation of trades. Due to the fact that the implementation of state and municipal procurement affects a wide range of people, the author considers the issues of the application of restitution and convalidation of transactions. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The purpose of the work is to analyze the evolution of pedagogical ideas of the personality’s information culture concept from information vacuum to the information as an element. The article uses vector analysis that covers both trends in scientific research and socio-informational factors that determine them. In addition, the method of abstraction that allows us to identify the pedagogical essence of the general scientific phenomenon and the method of synthesis as well are used in the work. The latter allows us to identify significant stages in the evolu- tion of understanding information culture as a pedagogically formed quality. Despite the abundance of scientific material dedicated to information culture there is no widespread use of a historical and pedagogical approach to its analysis probably due to the a priori perception of information technology as a contemporary phenom- enon. These considerations determine the relevance and methodological novelty of the work. The author comes to the conclusion that the stages of information culture as pedagogical concept do not completely coincide with the stages of the traditional idea of the four information revolutions, although they correlate with them as for pedagogical knowledge not only the formal availability of a particular technology is important but its mass use on a social level as well.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the mechanism of conducting control and auditing activities in budgetary organiza- tions and ways of its transformation. The authors consider the need to transform the control and audit system in public sector organizations, carried out mainly through digitalization, involving remote monitoring, conducting control activities “online”, digital dialogue and data exchange. The expediency of introducing risk management tools in order to identify them in a timely manner and quick response is argued. The importance of mastering and developing digital skills by control and audit bodies was highlighted. The article considers the process of functioning of electronic SMART control, which involves achieving a methodological balance between preliminary and subsequent control, ensuring the openness of these objects of control through the introduction of artificial intelligence algorithms, expanding forms and methods of control, and the use of preventive measures. The purpose of the “BFT.Budget Control” software package, which provides automation of the activities of control and audit bodies, is analyzed. The normative legal acts regulating new opportunities and access of controllers and audi- tors to information systems data are investigated. The following methods were used during the work: synthesis, analysis, classification, and detailing. The practical significance of the results lies in the theoretical justification of the expediency of transforming the control and audit system in public sector organizations, contributing to the increase of effectiveness of control and audit procedures, improving monitoring and risk management, speeding up the control and audit process, and ensuring high accuracy of the results of the activities of control bodies.

Annotation: Effective management of logistics processes in an environment of rapid change is becoming a prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises and improving customer service. The Internet of Things is a mod- ern technology that is widely used in business and has significant potential for increasing its effi-ciency. This digital toolkit is being actively adopted by companies around the world, and its use is especially important when improving logistics processes. The aim of this article is to investigate the features of implementing the Internet of Things in logistics, identify the business advantages of adopting this approach, and highlight best practices for managing logistics processes in real-time. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach used in the analysis of complex economic systems, and uses general scientific methods of knowledge: analysis, comparison, logical reasoning, collection of facts, synthesis, as well as a structural approach. The advantages of using the Internet of things in logistics in general and in supply chains in particular are considered. It is shown that Internet of Things technologies can significantly improve the operational processes of logistics com-panies, providing meaningful data and improving interaction with customers.

Annotation: The article describes the prerequisites for the forming of the aviation industry, ana-lyze its current state, exist- ing problems and further development prospects in the Russian Federation in the context of a new reality in the context of ensuring nation-al security. The aviation industry is not only a unique area and one of the key and strategically important sectors of the economy of any state claiming to belong to the group of industrial- ized countries, but also acts as a necessary condition for protect-ing national interests, an important factor in ensuring national security and a prom-ising instrument of international technological and military-technical cooperation. The object of the study is the aviation industry in the Russian Federation, while the subject is the socio-economic relationships that arise in the process of its function-ing and development. The main methods used in the framework of the research: induction, generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparative approach, normative approach, economic and statistical methods, etc. The growing geopolitical tensions and sanctions pressure from “unfriendly countries” are causing serious and contra-dictory consequences for a number of systemically important sectors of the Russian Federation’s economy. Russian aviation and the aviation industry, which ensure technological sovereignty and national security of the state, are among them. The predominance of foreign aircraft in the fleet, dependence on imports, curtailment of international cooperation opportunities, and restrictions on financing allowed us to conclude that the current situation in the aviation industry has some significant problems. Despite the intensification of state support for the aviation industry and the implementation of measures to reduce dependence on imports in the aircraft industry, the actual results leave much to be desired. The main results of the conducted research may be useful in order to improve the state policy in the field of avia- tion industry development as one of the priority sectors of economic activity that are of strategic importance for ensuring the national and economic security of the Russian Federation, strengthening technological sovereignty and competitive positions of the country in the global economic space.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the forming of a personal management system aimed at achieving successful activities and career growth of bank employees, since these aspects are greatly underestimated by managers of modern companies operating in conditions of constant change. The methodological basis was the model of forming of personal competitiveness of the bank manager, on the basis of which a mechanism for optimizing personal work and improving the personal efficiency of employees and managers of the bank is presented. The basic directions of creating a modern personal management system in the banking environment are outlined. This system will provide conditions for the comprehensive development of staff, form an understanding of how their personal development and effectiveness will affect the achievement of professional goals and the development of the bank as a whole. The methodological foundation of the research was the methods of comparative analysis and generalization, graphical description and data processing, abstract logical reasoning and program-oriented management. The presented approaches determine the scientific and practical significance of this study, which is especially relevant in conditions of instability and crises.

Annotation: A technique for representing and calculating the orientation of the heliostatic mirror based on vector representations of the directions to the sun and the mirror related to a fixed observation point is presented. Vector representation of directions to the sun and the heliostatic mirror allows us to obtain a description of the mirror orientation that is quite clear and simple in algorithmic implementation of calculations. Operations with vectors are significantly simplified when using a projection in Cartesian coordinates. In addition to expressions for vector transformations of directions, a summary of formulae is given for calculating the position of the sun in a local coordinate system depending on geographic coordinates, date and time. The obtained relationships can be implemented in an algo- rithm for controlling the heliostatic mirror mechanism according to a given time schedule using two independent drives: azimuth and elevation. The developed method for calculating the orientation of the heliostatic mirror based on vector representations can be used in practical problems of monitoring the characteristics of solar radiation.

Annotation: Universities play a crucial role in training young professionals, ensuring their understanding of the goals of sustainable development, such as developing strategic partnerships, respecting and supporting human rights, efficient use of resources, and environmental protection. This list of qualities is formed through the educational process, which shapes the worldview of students. The article provides a brief review of initiatives and best practices in the field of training highly qualified specialists who can make a significant contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The key directions for the development of education, scientific and upbring- ing activities of universities in the interests of sustainable development are identified. The concept of a holistic system for training specialists capable of promoting sustainable development goals is proposed. The empirical basis of the study is the reports and materials of the international conference “The Role of Universities in the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals”, held in May 2024 at the Belgorod University of Coop- eration, Economics and Law.

Annotation: The article examines the epistemological, ethical, philosophical, cultural and ideological aspects of the develop- ment of artificial intelligence (AI). The work introduces readers to current trends in the development of artificial intelligence systems, as well as the authors’ position on the existential challenges and risks that this technology may pose for humanity. Based on the ideas of the classical rationalist tradition about the unity of a priori (pre- experimental) and a posteriori (experienced) types of knowledge, the authors correlate between the process of hu- man cognition and the functioning of artificial intelligence systems based on self-learning programs. This leads to the conclusion that it is fundamentally impossible for artificial intelligence to go beyond the limits of the originally laid algorithmic model (a priori knowledge) and acquire phenomenal consciousness. Reflecting on one of the most discussed issues (both in popular and scientific literature) about whether AI can surpass and even replace humans themselves, the authors emphasize the uniqueness of existential being and the impossibility of both humans and super-powered AI to solve the fundamental issues of human existence. The article demonstrates that ethical and anthropological issues and problems are based on the fundamental idea of having free will and therefore are not comparable to the problems of AI creating and functioning. The scientific novelty lies in the statement proposed by the authors, according to which in the modern era – the predominance of positivism, scientism and technocratism in the intellectual tradition – the future possibilities of artificial intelligence and related anthropological and so- cial expectations will inevitably remain in the area of algorithmized rational coordinates and, essentially, cannot be moved into the sphere of irrational existential issues. This is where the dialectic of the enormous possibilities and insurmountable limitations of the theory and practice of artificial intelligence finds its adequate expression.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of forming and calculation of costs in the healthcare industry. Attention is drawn to the specifics of modern services in this industry, the introduction of a subscriber service system and telemedi- cine. The development of such types of services requires appropriate comprehensive calculation methods for each type or group of medical care. Based on an analysis of the specifics of subscriber services using telemedicine the article examines the application of various classical and modern calculation methods. Attention is drawn to the need for an integrated approach to the calculation of such services, linking specific calculation methods to cost items and subscriber service formats. Specific recommendations and a model for such calculation and directions for its implementation in organizations in the industry under consideration have been formed. As a result, conclu- sions are drawn on the possible results of implementing the proposed comprehensive methodology for calculating subscriber services in the field of telemedicine and the conditions that should precede its implementation.

Annotation: The article describes the impact of remote work arrangements on employee time management. The author ana- lyzes the scientific literature and summarizes the positions of the authors. Statistical research data on the impact of remote employment on the activities of employees are also analyzed. The article presents a list of factors that negatively affect the implementation of a remote form of employment, describes possible means of their neutrali- zation. The article also analyzes the trends of the influence of negative factors in the remote form of employment on the employees of the organization. It is emphasized that the use of time management techniques in adapting employees to remote employment can help increase their productivity. The article also reflects the results of an empirical study conducted by the author to identify the level of self-organization of remote employment workers. The empirical part of the study is conducted by the author through a survey of a group of respondents. The level of self-organization is determined in relation to various processes of personal time management, including the processes of goal setting, planning, prioritization, implementation and control.

Annotation: The article describes the psychological aspects of the influence of corporate time management in project activi- ties on the self-organization of an individual’s activities and his/her psychological health. The author notes that the occurrence of problems of project time management, which remain relevant today, causes an impact on the psychological health of the project team members, which is expressed in a high level of emotional exhaustion and professional burnout in general. In the course of the research, the author compares the level of self-organization, stress and professional burnout among employees of project activities; employees engaged in managerial activi- ties; subordinates. In addition, the author concludes that employees of project activities have a low level of self- organization of activities, they often have difficulties in planning and organizing personal time, they less often use external ways of organizing activities. At the same time, the author notes that employees of project activities have a low level of professional stress, but at the same time a high level of emotional exhaustion and burnout.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the features of information and narrative risks and the ability of human capital to provide prevention of this type of risk in conditions of technological autonomy. A set of problems as- sociated with an increase in the volume of redundant or inappropriate information has been identified, which complicates the process of making strategically important decisions in the field of technological independence. Possible ways of filtering and managing information noise generated under the influence of narratives with the active participation of human capital are considered. In conditions of a shortage of critical resources and competencies, pressure from external economic and political sanctions, as well as information attacks aimed at discrediting national technologies, it is proposed to create a technological autonomy management system that will be based on an analytical system for monitoring and filtering information, with the introduction of artificial intelligence systems for processing large amounts of data and constant monitoring of various indicators in dynam- ics. The authors conclude that the nature of the research has a significant impact, which is due to its significant strategic component in terms of technological independence under information overload and manipulative nar- ratives that shape public opinion, management strategies and economic policy.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the content of the university academic discipline “Phi- losophy” provides rich opportunities for the realization of not only educational and developmental, but also educational goals of teaching and shaping the worldview of young people, focused not so much on a positivist understanding of knowledge of the world, man, society and history, as on the formulation and search for answers to metaphysical questions. The object of the study is the didactic features of the investigation of problems of con- frontation and polemics of two ideological systems of human life navigation, which represent opposite solutions to the “main issue of philosophy”. The subject of the study is the didactic specifics of students’ acquaintance with the famous Pascal’s wager in the context of ideological searches for personality. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the presentation of Pascal’s wager not as one of the many elements of the history of philosophy covered with the “dust of centuries”, interesting to the present person only as a “monument of antiquity” and therefore completely uninteresting to modern students, but, on the contrary, as always, the actual basis of ideo- logical personal choice. The research methods are abstraction, idealization, thought experiment, comparative analysis, deductively and inductively organized conclusions, conclusions by analogy and empirical generalization. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the position according to which the content of Pascal’s wager provides in fact a unique didactic opportunity to demonstrate and substantiate the metaphysical asymmetry of the worldview choice between the materialistic, atheistic, evolutionist, scientific and anthropovolutaristic ideological pole of life navigation, on the one hand, and the idealistic, theistic, creationist, anti-scientific and providentialist pole, on the other one. The field of application of the research results is the ideological search for personal- ity, multifaceted educational interactions and didactic strategies in both secondary and higher education. The first part of the article describes the didactic and ideological aspects of students studying the confrontation of materialism and atheism in the general course of philosophy, on the one hand, and philosophical idealism and theism, on the other hand, as two worldview teachings and systems of human life navigation, conditioned by various solutions to the “basic issue of philosophy”.

Annotation: The development of social entrepreneurship in Russia is due to the presence of a number of factors that are united by one common characteristic – social issues. In order to solve social problems, new forms of interaction between business and society were required, and social entrepreneurship became one of these forms. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of changes in business models of social entrepreneurship and to establish the main trends of their further transformation. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific standard methods, in particular: the method of business modeling, logical analysis, generalization, comparison, deduction. In the article, the authors conducted a study of the features of the development of social entrepreneurship in Russia and noted the trend of its sustainable development: the main tasks solved by social entrepreneurship are identified; a detailed description of the dynamics of social entrepreneurship development in Russia is given; the main types are considered and the features of business models of social entrepreneurship in Russia are highlighted. In addition, the authors have formulated the main trends in the development of social entrepreneurship in Russia.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to consider the key foundations of jurisprudence, namely the elements of its structure, taking into account the changed geopolitical, internal political, civilizational and ideological and value conditions for the development of the modern Russian state and law. It is based on the understanding of legal consciousness, which has been developed in Soviet jurisprudence and become classical, as a certain set of ideas and feelings expressing the attitude of people, social communities (nations, people) to the current and desired law. Approaches to the structure of legal consciousness are analyzed, as a result of which prospects for the further development of the doctrine of legal consciousness and the heuristic potential of this complex socio-legal phenomenon are established. The author concludes that for modern Russia it is critically important to comprehensively take into account the sociocultural and theological conditions (factors) as well as legal mentality for the development of legal consciousness. These factors contributed to the forming of a unique legal consciousness of the conciliar Russian society, which in modern conditions nullifies all attempts to “instill” Western models of civil society and the rule of law into the domestic society.

Annotation: The article is devoted to topical issues of application of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of jurisprudence. In the modern world the technologies underlying artificial intelligence are beginning to play an increasingly prominent role in the process of digital transformation that is developing today in all areas of human life, including the field of law. The development and use of artificial intelligence technologies affects both the area of private and public law. It is extremely important to timely identify and legally resolve the possible risks and threats of the use of artificial intelligence technology, to prevent adverse consequences for an indefinite circle of persons in case of their unauthorized use. The purpose of the article is to identify areas of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the field of jurisprudence, analyze gaps in the field of current legislation, as well as make proposals for optimizing the legal framework for the use of artificial intelligence. The article concludes about the natural development of the social process towards the use of artificial intelligence, due to the digital transformation of all socio-economic systems of society, reveals the risks of possible adverse consequences as a result of the uncontrolled use of artificial intelligence technologies, notes the need for legislative development of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of jurisprudence.

Annotation: The article examines the causal relationships of the impact of culture as a phenomenon and system on the emergence and evolution of new institutions in the political sphere of public relations. The author studies the cultural phenomenon, the laws by which it is created by society, acquires certain independent properties, adapts to a particular historical moment of time and space. The basis for case-crossover analysis of cultural changes that took place in Russia at a certain stage of development is the period of the late 19th and early 20th century, the experience of the Ryazan governorate in creating new political traditions and the forming of people’s representation in the State Duma of Russia. The author gives an assessment of the transactional impact of the accumulated experience of political phenomena of the initial stage of the development of forms of democracy on the present state and the implementation of this principle in the Russian state. Conclusions are formulated about the role of cultural heritage in the effective functioning of existing social institutions and governance mechanisms of the state.

Annotation: The article describes the main stages of the genesis of the bureaucratic apparatus in Russia in the XVIII century. The purpose of the author is to highlight the political activities of the Russian government aimed at establishing the structure, organization and activities of local officials in the specified period on the example of the Ryazan Governorate. This topic is relevant in the context of increasing public interest in the effectiveness of the functioning of the state apparatus of Russia and its enhancement. Noteworthy are the events of Peter I and especially Catherine II, which led to the formation of officialdom at the level of governorates and uyezds. On the basis of the material of primary sources, the author considers the creation of the system of local institutions. In conclusion, it is said that the provincial reform of 1775 created the legal basis for the forming of the local bureaucratic apparatus of Russia. This conclusion, in turn, leads to further research interest in order to draw historical parallels and a comparative analysis of the bureaucratic apparatus of Russia of past eras and the present.

Annotation: This article describes the demographic situation in Russia, its changes over a certain period of time due to fluctuations in the processes of mortality, fertility and migration, as well as the consequences of these changes in the economic indicators of the country and federal districts. The main problems existing in demography at the moment, the causes of their occurrence and their natural impact on the growth or decline in the economy are highlighted, in order to provide data obtained during the analysis of information, as well as to compile possible solutions to those demographic problems that have a negative impact on the development of the economy. As a result of the study, it was concluded that demographic problems in Russia adversely affect the economy and cause a deceleration in its growth. The proposals of the authors of scientific papers on the settlement of these problems are highlighted. This can lead to the creation of favorable conditions for economic development, lead- ing to higher living standards in the country, which is necessary for citizens of any country.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the consideration of the socio-psychological characteristics of the phenomenon of procrastination in the student environment. The socio-cultural and psychological causes of the emergence and spread of academic procrastination among students are analyzed, as well as the relationship of procrastination with the motivational sphere of students, which, first of all, manifests itself in the delay in performing necessary educational activities. The study focuses not only on the cognitive components of procrastination, but also on the emotional and behavioral ones. Special attention is paid to the consideration of such a reason for academic procrastination as perfectionism, which manifests itself when a student does not accept the imperfect result of his academic work and continues to refine the smallest details, postponing deadlines. Scientific approaches are considered in which procrastination is interpreted as one of the forms of coping behavior (coping), which is a special mechanism for adapting a person to various life situations and overcoming psychological stress. The results obtained in the course of an empirical study conducted among students of the Faculty of Management of the Witte Moscow University are presented.

Annotation: The problem of involving teachers of secondary schools in scientific activities in a rapidly changing educational environment is becoming increasingly relevant. The article is devoted to the study of the involvement of teachers in scientific activity in the context of the introduction of a national cluster model of interaction in the scientific field of a pedagogical university and the Institute for the development of education (in the period from 2022 to 2023). As part of the study, a survey of teachers of secondary schools at different stages of the implementation of the model was conducted. The study involved 962 teachers of the Khabarovsk Krai for the period 2022–2023. Based on the results of the survey, the trends of teachers’ involvement in scientific activity were determined in terms of the forms and role of participation. The difficulties encountered by teachers in organizing and performing scientific research in the context of the introduction of the national cluster model are identified and typified. The results of the study reflect the changes in the scientific activity of teachers in the conditions of the forming of interaction between the pedagogical university and the Institute of educational development. The results obtained can be useful in developing plans for scientific (scientific and methodological) cooperation of organizations.

Annotation: The article is devoted to substantiation of the increasing role of a decent life as a systemic source of creative innovations required for highly effective reflection of modern challenges and threats caused by the steady increase of various types of complexity with simultaneous synergy of political and economic relations. The methodological basis of the research is an essential analysis of key categories, as well as a system-interdisciplinary approach to the problem of the relationship between a decent life and innovative development of the modern economy. The scientific novelty of the key provisions of the article is to concretize the meaning of such concepts as a decent life, creative and intellectual capital, creative innovations; to identify and substantiate the cognitive qualitative integrity of a decent life of an individual as the basis of large-scale, continuous and radial innovations; to demonstrate the need for accelerated development (acceleration) of the creative and intellectual form of human capital as a functional of a decent life. The scientific and practical significance of the conclusions and conclusions of the article lies in the need for accelerated development of various forms of personal and corporate self-learning, as well as the cultural, scientific and educational sector of the economy as a common foundation of a qualitatively new national innovation system.

Annotation: The article discusses the features of the influence of information technologies on the education system based on research and legislative acts. The purpose of the study is to find out the reasons for the transformation of the form of education and to determine the main trends that set the vector for its further development. The analysis of statistics is carried out on the basis of studies of state universities, domestic and foreign scientific works. The scientific and practical significance of the results obtained lies in rethinking the process of modernizing the education system as a necessary response to the reality of the post-industrial world. Identification of the problems of digitalization, which makes it possible to identify directions for the development of the educational sphere in the near future, determines the practical usefulness of the study. The application of its results is possible in the field of creating and improving new platforms, systems for distance learning, taking into account the existing difficulties that affect the effectiveness of the education received.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of illegal interest and its role in qualifying the abuse of the right. The coverage of legitimate interest in legislation and judicial practice is considered. It is noted, that the legislator pays quite a lot of attention to the protection of legitimate interests in many legal acts, but does not give it legislative consolidation. The interpretation of this definition by the courts has a different character and does not always coincide. At the same time, illicit interest is a criterion for determining the most important legal category of abuse of the right. The presence of an unlawful interest of a person indicates his/her intention to violate the rights of other persons or bad faith behavior expressed in an indifferent attitude to the violation of the rights of participants in legal relations. The article also identified the distinctive features of a legitimate interest and defined the boundaries of its determination by the courts. Based on the results, a definition of abuse of the right is drawn up, which emphasizes the role of illegal interest in this legal category.

Annotation: The relevance of the research topic is determined by the growing scale of the problem of the country’s economic security, due to the aggravation of Russia’s opposition to the collective West, which is of a protracted nature. The purpose of the presented studies is to find ways to improve the economic security of the Russian Federation in modern geopolitical and economic conditions, which are characterized by a high degree of variability. The scientific novelty of the results obtained in the work lies in the rationale for the forming of a national target program for the development of technologies of the VI and VII technological modes as an advanced scientific and technical reserve. It is shown that the forming of a national target program for the development of technologies of the VI and VII technological modes will provide technological sovereignty, the necessary level of import substitution and competitiveness of the national economy for the next two large technological cycles. The practical significance of the results obtained in the work lies in the possibility of their use in the planning and the implementation of measures to accelerate and improve the efficiency of the processes of achieving the required level of technological sovereignty of the country as the basis for ensuring its security.

Annotation: The article analyzes the ambiguities in the foundations of modern logic due to the fact that the relations of set theory are used to substantiate the correct modes of categorical syllogism and the interpretation of predicate calculus, while set theory itself is defined in the axiomatic approach as a theory formed on the basis of axioms and rules for deducing predicate calculus by adding illogical (proper) axioms. It is proposed to apply elementary laws of the algebra of sets, which can be justified without axioms, based on the analysis of polysyllogistics-type reasoning. The analysis of the syllogism modes recommended for use is performed using simple and understandable properties of the relation of inclusion of sets. This analysis shows that the rules of syllogistics set forth in logic textbooks contain two types of logical errors: 1) some syllogism modes, which are considered correct in many textbooks, contradict some acceptable versions of their interpretation; 2) there are correct arguments with two premises, which in some textbooks are evaluated as incorrect modes. It follows from this that the cause of errors in logic textbooks are incorrectness in the justification of logic.

Annotation: For nine years, Russia has been under the influence of sanctions imposed by a number of European countries and the United States. From 2014 to 2022, sanctions were put forward by the world community, which had a significant impact on all spheres of the country’s public life. At the same time, there is a gradual transition from targeted restrictions on individuals and enterprises to blocking entire sectors of the Russian economy. The consequences of the imposed sanctions seriously affect the Russian economy. The article analyzes the impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the country’s economy. It was noted that the sanctions impact on the country’s economy was reflected in the reduction in GDP, inflation growth, reduction in imports, and reduction in the volume of Russia’s foreign trade. The article analyzes the prospects for the development of the country’s economy in the context of ongoing sanctions. A possible scenario for further development is proposed, taking into account adaptation to the modern realities of economic development.

Annotation: When analyzing the right of peoples to peace, the issues of continuity of ideas and principles of Roman public law, the reflection of this continuity in the processes of transformation of international law are considered. The significance of such threats to the right of peoples to peace as the paralysis of the usual international legal forms, the planetary scale of the struggle of value priorities, the aggravation of the civilizational confrontation of peoples is argued. In international law there is a real war of meanings. The crisis of international law does not mean a simple failure to comply with its norms, it is expressed in the deformation of the meanings of the previously properly working international legal mutual obligations of states, leading international law into a state of prostration. States and societies based on their original traditional spiritual, moral and religious values are taking the leading positions. It is substantiated that in the new conditions the right of peoples to peace can be realized only on the principles of a multipolar world order.

Annotation: When analyzing the right of peoples to peace, the issues of continuity of ideas and principles of Roman public law, the reflection of this continuity in the processes of transformation of international law are considered. The significance of such threats to the right of peoples to peace as the paralysis of the usual international legal forms, the planetary scale of the struggle of value priorities, the aggravation of the civilizational confrontation of peoples is argued. In international law there is a real war of senses. The crisis of international law does not mean a simple failure to comply with its norms, it is expressed in the deformation of the meanings of the previously properly working international legal mutual obligations of states, leading international law into a state of prostration. States and societies based on their original traditional spiritual, moral and religious values are taking the leading positions. It is substantiated that in the new conditions the right of peoples to peace can be realized only on the principles of a multipolar world order.

Annotation: The purpose of the study is to assess the place of legal education in the civilizational culture of our time, to determine the role of cultural and historical types in legal education. It is based on the consideration of culture as a set of values, customs and traditions of society, a body of knowledge acquired overtime, without which a particular set of people cannot be reproduced and exist. The importance of the theocentric construction of culture is argued. Legal education reflects and consolidates the features of the civilizational culture of the people, aims to lay in lawyers and in society as a whole an understanding of jurisprudence as a set of legal principles, rules and norms of proper behavior, consideration of the state as a political and legal form of self-organization of society. Education is considered as an indicator of civilizational culture, the defects of which adversely affect all aspects of society, capable of deforming the culture itself. Ensuring the continuity of the political and legal ideals of each nation, it contributes to the preservation of the cultural identity of peoples, their archetypes, reflects and protects the diversity of the civilizational development of mankind.

Annotation: The subject of scientific study in the article is a set of norms of Russian legislation that determine the mechanism for implementing an accessible environment for the disabled. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive study of the existing mechanism for implementing an accessible environment for the disabled, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. The work uses methods of comparative analysis, comparative legal research and characteristics, methods of dialectical analysis, methods of philosophical and philosophical-legal analysis, dispositive and imperative methods, the method of legal regulation. Based on the results of the work carried out, the conclusion is substantiated that the legal regulation of public relations with the participation of persons with disabilities is an important tool for achieving a balance between public power and individual freedom in modern states. The results of the work can be applied both in theory and in practice, as they indicate further directions for improving and developing the mechanism for implementing an accessible environment for people with disabilities.

Annotation: The processes of digital transformation of branches and spheres of the domestic economy generate the need for their legal regulation. The article is aimed at a general review of the development of the domestic legislative framework in the field of legal regulation of the digital transformation of the economy. The article considers the approach of creating a legal system for the digital environment as a new branch of law. The authors presented a multi-level system of regulatory and legal framework regulating the process of digitalization of the domestic economy. A generalized characteristic of each of the indicated levels is presented. The directions for the development of legal regulation of ongoing processes, forms of manifestations of a meaningful transformation of law are indicated. A general review of the results achieved in the process of forming the legal regulation of the digital environment has been made. The results of a content analysis of the state of legal support for the digital environment allowed the authors to identify the achievements obtained and note the existing shortcomings and gaps in legislation. As a result, the problems of a legislative framework forming, which regulate the processes of digital transformation of the economy, have been established.

Annotation: The article describes the phenomenon of excessive information consumption, which is increasingly mentioned both in corporeal and social discourse. On the background of evident “digital saturation”, a hypothesis of probable decreasing interest in the internet as daily information space in the nearest future is proposed. In order to justify this hypothesis, the reasons for internet gaining popularity are analyzed beyond evident technological context. As a result, it was stated that there is an overdue internet crisis coming from technological forms of information exchange getting a huge handicap of digital information content quality. The research draws parallels with television as the main predigital information space that gained and lost its popularity in the previous century for similar reasons. It is concluded that reducing the mass consumption of digital information and reducing the popularity of digital resources can have such positive effects as improving their quality and rationalizing the information behavior of users.

Annotation: The economic content of the category “investment activity” is investigat-ed in the article on the basis of the critical approach. The author’s interpretation of this phenomenon is presented. The main methodological approaches to the assessment of the level of investment activity in the regions have been studied. The author’s methodology of quantitative measurement of the degree of investment activity of the federal districts of the Russian Federation on the basis of summing up the values of their five key investment indicators has been developed. A comprehensive assessment of the situation in the investment sphere of the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2017–2021 is given. The rating of investment activity of the federal districts of Russia has been compiled. The methodological tools used in the preparation of the article contains system, structural, abstract-logical and comparative analysis, grouping methods, rating and generalization. The results of the research are of practical importance and can be used by federal and regional authorities in the development of programs for the socio-economic development of territories, as well as by rating agencies in the forming of investment ratings of federal districts and individual regions of the Russian Federation.

Annotation: The article studies foreign and domestic experience in the creation of scientific and educational exploratoriums, laboratories, centers, museum spaces and complexes designed for the study of natural sciences. The necessity of including innovative scientific exploratoriums in the educational environment for the preparation of students of secondary vocational education is proved. It is concluded that there is a growing interest in the use of interactive formats in the educational process, implemented by businesses in the exploratorium museums created by them. On the basis of an analysis of the exploratorium museums operating in the country, which popularize scientific knowledge and develop the deductive abilities of students, it is proposed to create such multimedia spaces for the study of humanitarian disciplines. On the example of the literary and diplomatic exploratorium project implemented by the A.S. Griboyedov Cultural Heritage Foundation, the author shares the experience of a three-module program for the development of creative literary talents, provides recommendations for the phased implementation of such projects. The study analyzes the constraining factors that have a negative impact on the quality of the provision of additional educational services in the system of innovative research spaces with teaching functions.

Annotation: This article explores the changing role and position of a person in the management process in the information society. The author describes three phases of economic development: pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial, and explains how changes in each of them affect the management process. The sectors of the economy are also considered: primary, secondary and tertiary. The author analyzes the transition to an information society in which information technologies and innovations play a central role. The article emphasizes the importance of industrial revolutions in the forming of modern society. The author analyzes their impact on the economy, social structure and management practices. It describes the relationship between industrial revolutions and the changing role of man in the management process, from manual labor to automation and information technology. In conclu- sion, the article summarizes the changes in the management process caused by the transition to the information society. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding these changes for effective management in the modern economic and social environment. The research can be useful for managers, scientists and practitioners interested in the development of society and its impact on management processes.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development of emotional intelligence of students as an important component of vocational education. Emotional stability, self-regulation, the ability to understand others, and empathy become important not only for personal growth, building interpersonal relationships, but also for solving professional tasks and professional self-development. An empirical study was conducted based on a survey of students enrolled in secondary vocational education programs from various educational organizations and groups. N. Hall’s methodology (Hall Emotional Intel- ligence Test) is used as a diagnostic tool for determining the level of emotional intelligence. The method of comparative analysis of the obtained empirical data was also used. The assessment of students’ emotional intelligence was carried out according to five components of EQ: emotional awareness; management of their emotions; self-motivation; empa- thy; recognition of other people’s emotions. According to the results of the study, factors affecting both the overall level of emotional intelligence and the development of its individual components in different groups of students have been identified. The results obtained can be used in the development of educational technologies, pedagogical methods and techniques for the development of emotional intelligence of students of secondary and higher professional education.

Annotation: The article emphasizes the importance of specialized training for IT-profile students in the context of digital transformation, considering their future role in technology development for the digital economy. Analysis of current research and labor market requirements in the IT industry leads to the conclusion that identifying key pedagogical conditions is necessary to foster the forming of professional interest, which serves as a strong motivational factor, stimulating the learning process and shaping educational and career trajectories. Special attention is given to defining the concept of “pedagogical conditions for the forming of professional interest among future IT specialists.” A complex of pedagogical conditions is presented, designed with consideration for the cognitive and professional activities of IT-profile students. The need for practical-oriented improvement of the content of specialized disciplines, organizing project-based independent work for future IT specialists, and developing assignments based on immersive technologies is highlighted. The article presents empirical data that prove the positive influence of the proposed conditions on the development of each component of the professional interest of future IT specialists, which will enhance their training in accordance with the labor market requirements.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is to identify the essence of intellectual capital as a specific factor in the creative activity of economic agents in the modern economy. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the search for the qualitative certainty of the “intellectual” phenomenon, as well as the dialectical relationship between the objective and the subjective in the analysis of modern economics. The following results of the conducted logical-epistemological analysis, containing elements of scientific novelty, are proposed: first, the essence of the intellect is defined as a moral and mental form of the human mind; second, the most important aspects of the critical increase in complexity in the modern economy are noted, which predetermines the actualization of the spiritual and moral form of human capital with the corresponding “transfer” of the current scientific paradigm; third, an interpretation of the essence of intellectual capital as a systemic factor of creative activity has been developed within the framework of the requirements of the principles of humanism, goodness and justice. The scientific and practical significance of the key provisions of the article consists in the imperative of expanded reproduction of the intellectual form of modern human capital as a factor basis of the spiritual and moral vector of socio-economic development.

Annotation: The purpose of this article is to systematize scientific ideas about the classification of social policy models of foreign countries and analyze the features of the Swedish model. A comparative legal method based on the study of advanced foreign experience and its rethinking is used in the article. Various types of social policy models are discussed, each of which has its own characteristic features. Social-democratic (Scandinavian), conservative (continental European, institutional), liberal (American-British) and catholic models are highlighted among them. Particular attention is paid to the study of the Swedish model of social policy, which belongs to the Scandinavian type. The author describes its features, structure and advantages. An analysis of the current reform processes that take place within the framework of this model is made. It is concluded that the Swedish model of social policy can be considered as one of the options for implementation in the Russian economy. Its relevance and significance in the modern world are emphasized and its potential for solving social problems is highlighted.

Annotation: The aim of the study is to highlight the problems related to the legal understanding and enforcement of the norms of the institute of medical confidentiality and the limits of admissibility of disclosure of confidential information. The article considers the legal provisions establishing the grounds for disclosure of private information received from patients. The reasons and conditions of contradictions between legal, deontological and ethical components of the current regime of medical secrecy are revealed, which may not only compete with each other, but even mutually exclude each other, as ethically justified confidentiality of medical data on morbidity and treatment of patients may contain a real threat to public and sanitary-epidemiological safety of people who are in ignorance. The issues on the expediency of maintaining a ban on disclosure of confidential medical information of socially significant and state interest are raised. The methodological basis was formed by formal-legal, comparative-legal, legal-technical methods, as well as general scientific methods of cognition. The conclusion is made about the need for further doctrinal and legal development of the institute of medical secrecy, the development of the legal regime of its operation, as well as the improvement on this basis of legislation concerning the limits of admissibility of disclosure of medical secrecy.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of mechanisms for circumventing unilateral economic restrictions that oil and gas companies in the Russian Federation are currently facing. The features of economic restrictions, their impact on the activities of the oil and gas industry in the modern world, and the mechanisms available to oil and gas companies to bypass restrictions are considered. It is shown that the introduction of a digital ruble, through which it will be possible to carry out transactions with foreign counterparties, has a great potential for circumventing unilateral economic restrictions. In addition, it is important to create an innovative ecosystem for managing the oil and gas industry, which includes scientific research, the development of new technologies, robotics and the integration of digital technologies into the organizational and technological processes of oil and gas companies. The article presents an assessment of the risks and benefits associated with the use of mechanisms to circumvent economic restrictions, as well as a set of recommendations for oil and gas companies that plan to use these mechanisms. The research methods were statistical and graphical methods, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The article contains both theoretical analysis and practical aspects of circumventing unilateral economic restrictions.

Annotation: The relevance of the article is due to the lack of uniform ideas about the pension provision model corresponding to modern realities. Russia is facing the same problems in the pension sector as all economically developed countries. The completed demographic transition has led to a qualitative transformation of the age structure of the population, a significant increase in the number of elderly citizens combined with a decrease in the proportion of able-bodied citizens. The model of the pension system of our country, which has retained the features of the Soviet distribution system, requires a conceptual revision today. The author’s view on the resolution of theoretical problems is presented, conclusions are formulated about the vector of development of pension provision, the subject of the study is domestic and foreign scientific research devoted to the prospects of the pension provision model. The purpose of the study is related to the development of an up-to-date vision of the pension provision model. The conclusions stated concern the need to develop a new social contract of generations that can set the vector of development of the pension provision model for the future decades, ensuring the predictability of state social policy and, as a consequence, the prevention of social conflicts.

Annotation: The article discusses the constitutional amendments of 2020 as the beginning of a new stage in the development of relations between the Russian state and civil society. The approach is based on the constitutional consolidation of such key priorities as social partnership, economic, political and social solidarity, state support for civil society institutions. The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the main trends that have received constitutional legitimation that determine the relationship between the state and civil society in the context of the global crisis and comprehensive pressure on the Russian Federation and the mechanisms for their implementation. According to the author, the constitutional novel not only specifies the parameters of the social state and reflects the interest of the state in the development of civil society but also consolidates a new model of relations with civil society. At the same time, the state assumes responsibility for increasing the activity and initiative of civil society, its involvement in solving state problems. The author comes to the conclusion about the constitutional consolidation of the dual concept of the social state responsible for social partnership in a broad sense. As a result, the importance of the category of mutual legal obligation of the authorities and society in creating partnerships is substantiated.

Annotation: International norms contain a ban on the development, production and use of various types of weapons of mass destruction. The intensive development of new technologies suggests the possibility of creating super-new types of weapons, such as bacteriological and genetic weapons as its variety. The purpose of the study is to determine the relevance of fixing a ban on the development, production, use and storage of genetic weapons by separate legal norms (international, regional, national). The authors studied the possibilities of modern genomic research (the experience of the Russian Federation and the United States in this area were considered separately), analyzed the potential use of bacteriological weapons, characterizes bioterrorism, and determines ways to combat this crime using the funds of international organizations. During the study formal-legal, comparative-legal research methods were used. On the basis of scientific analysis the conclusion has been made that there are threats to the development, production and use of genetic (ethnic) weapons, since they are of a closed nature, but at the present time there is no possibility of creating this type of weapon. It has been summarized that the inexpediency of adopting separate legal norms prohibiting the development, production, use and storage of genetic weapons.

Annotation: The article substantiates the significant possibilities of applying the pedagogical ideas of A.S. Makarenko about the educational systems of children’s and youth boarding institutions to the forming of educational systems of military universities and military units due the general characteristics of the secrecy of these systems, the sociopedagogical processes occurring in them. The most popular in military pedagogy may be the pedagogical ideas of A.S. Makarenko: about socially significant goals in the activities of the organization, its collective, capable of creating value-oriented unity of all its members on this basis; about the obligatoriness to form a cohesive team in a children’s and youth organization; about the unification and interweaving of the goals of the unit’s collective and the goals of each of its members by applying the method of collective and individual perspective lines; about a full-fledged life of the team with the solution of a large number of tasks, the constant holding of events that make up all the diversity of his life; about the humanistic approach to interaction with children based on respect for the child’s personality, faith in his personal capabilities; about the accumulation and development of positive intra-collective traditions; about the inadmissibility of the absolutization of educational methods and techniques, dialectical approach to their application.

Annotation: This article summarizes the interim results of the implementation of the import substitution policy in the Russian Federation and determines the prospects for further development. The analysis made it possible to determine that by the beginning of 2022, no noticeable results had been achieved in this direction. The authors note that in the current realities, the implementation of the Russian import substitution policy was complicated by external political pressure on the one hand, and accelerated under such influence on the other. Under these conditions, the development of the idea of import substitution received a powerful incentive. However, these processes do not occur uniformly in all sectors of the economy. Along with the leaders (agriculture, transport industry, etc.), there are outsider industries (IT-industry, chemical industry, etc.). In conclusion, the authors consider three scenarios for the further development of the import substitution policy and determine that for its successful implementation it is necessary to focus on the most important sectors for the country’s economic security.

Annotation: Currently, there is a need to formulate a definition of such an important multidimensional phenomenon in legal science as “sabotage”, taking into account the changes introduced today in the meaning of this concept, as well as the actual differentiation and legal regulation of the elements of crimes listed in Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for responsibility for committing sabotage and in Article 285.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for abuse of official powers in the execution of a state defense order, which is fundamentally important for the correct qualification of individual criminal acts, which expresses the relevance of this topic, determined, in particular, by the special military operation currently underway. The authors analyze the historical prerequisites for the emergence of the concept under consideration, analyze the points of view that have developed in legal science and international legislation, and point out the need to implement the concept of sabotage in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the present day realities. Certain legal aspects of this type of crime and their legal characteristics are considered. The authors formulate a proposal to introduce the concept of “sabotage” into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a qualifying sign of individual criminal acts.

Annotation: The work is devoted to the problem of erroneous assessment by judges during the consideration of civil cases due to newly discovered circumstances. In the process of litigation, situations often arise when new circumstances appear in the course of the case, which may have a significant impact on the outcome of the claim or court decision. The issue of assessing such newly discovered circumstances is one of the key aspects of legal practice. The inclusion in the case of materials that reveal previously implicit circumstances of the case is often not regulated by the judicial procedure and completely depends on the so-called “internal conviction” of the judge. The purpose of this study is to justify the introduction of a decision-making algorithm into the procedure of civil proceedings in order to reduce the number of unjust decisions in courts of general jurisdiction. Within the framework of this approach, it is proposed to adopt at the legislative level a state program for the implementation of standards of legal proceedings and law enforcement in order to exclude the “inner conviction” factor of a judge in the process of making judicial decisions, which is, in essence, random.

Annotation: Currently, China is one of the flagships of e-education, which arouses special research interest in the process of forming digital educational resources. The article analyzes and summarizes the experience of using digital educational resources using the example of higher educational institutions in China. Based on the methods of studying available scientific sources in Russian and foreign languages, systematization and analysis of official documents and media materials, the stages of digitalization of the education system and the development of the digital educational environment are highlighted. Using the example of national projects in China, it is shown that digitalization of education contributes to the implementation of innovative educational solutions, as well as its positive impact on the development of the national higher education system. A brief description of the most popular digital platforms used in higher education institutions in China is provided. The results of the analysis of China’s positive experience in the field of digitalization of education can contribute to an effective search for ways to solve systemic problems of e-learning in other countries.

Annotation: The concept of a community with a shared destiny for mankind is rooted in the communal thought of the classics of Marxism, and also contains the idea of great harmony of peace in the 5.000-year-old traditional culture of China. The Chinese communists’ relentless pursuit of a community of common destiny for mankind is the internal driving force behind transforming this concept into a constitutional norm. The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is a set of values that are the legacy and the development of the foreign policy of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence enshrined in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China. The content of the community of a common destiny for mankind, enshrined in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, imposes on the state the obligations and powers to implement the concept of a community of a shared future for mankind. The article reveals how the concept of a community of a common destiny for mankind became part of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, what historical documents preceded the constitutional consolidation of this postulate, as well as the significance of this concept for the well-being of the Chinese people, as well as for human progress in general.

Annotation: The article discusses current issues devoted to the analysis of measures to counter international sanctions and restrictions imposed by unfriendly states against Russia. Special attention is paid to such sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation as oil industry, electric power industry, metallurgy, transport sector, banking sector, etc. The proposed measures vary depending on the sector of the economy and cover different areas – from the adoption of regulations (both laws and by-laws) to the government support to specific market participants. In the context of the modern confrontation between Russia and the West, a reorientation of domestic business towards countries of Asian origin, as well as strengthening international cooperation within the EAEU, seems justified. It is believed that the proposals made to improve legislation can be effective means of countering the restrictive measures of the international community and can neutralize the adverse impact of sanctions policies pursued by foreign countries on the Russian economy.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the urgent interdisciplinary problem of finding productive forms of using IT tools in teaching philological disciplines. In the context of language education, the use of IT tools has become especially important because of their potential to improve the quality of learning, the ability to communicate in different formats and provide access to authentic language resources. In addition, the study of the Russian language has become increasingly important in recent years due to the growing economic and political ties between Russia and other countries. As a result, there is a growing demand for language training and the need to find innovative ways and productive forms of using IT tools in teaching humanities, including the Russian language and speech culture. The article examines this need by studying the potential advantages and problems of using IT tools in the classroom in the context of the Russian language. The results of the study are aimed at solving the problem of adapting the use of IT tools to specific needs and specificities in learning Russian as a foreign language.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of cryptocurrency in modern conditions, to the consideration of its role, significance, dynamics of use and possibilities for further use in our country. The advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency as a means of payment, considered the development trends of cryptocurrency in Russia and in the world were investigated in the article. An analysis of the cryptocurrency market was conducted by the authors, as a result of which a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the use of cryptocurrency in our country. The domestic and world experience in regulating cryptocurrencies was analyzed (on the example of Japan, Estonia, Singapore, Switzerland, Germany, the USA), in the context of which the legal mechanism for regulating payments using cryptocurrencies was studied. It was concluded that it is developed insufficiently and needs the development of further legislative measures. Possible directions for the development of cryptocurrency and prospects for their development were proposed in the study.

Annotation: The purpose of writing the article is to develop an organizational and managerial model for providing services in the system of long-term care for older people, taking into account regional experience (Stavropol krai, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts). The subject of the study is the regional experience of the system of long-term care for people over the working age. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system of long-term care for elderly people. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis, statistical, graphical method. The analysis was based on statistical data from the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Stavropol Krai, the Ministry of Social Policy of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Vladimir Oblast, the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as scientific developments of domestic theorists and practitioners on the subject of the study. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the introduction and dissemination of a long-term care system at the regional level is one of the priority and fundamental tasks of our country. Support for older citizens at the state level should be implemented through the development of social infrastructure, as well as improving the availability and quality of social care services provided.

Annotation: The article contains an analysis of the municipal government reform in the regions of the Russian Federation, including issues of the organization of municipal external financial control in the subjects of the Russian Federation. It is known that the procedure for creating an effective mechanism for the work of the municipal government is not possible without an effective system of financial control at the municipal level. Basing on the example of the Chuvash Republic, we have justified the need for a transition from a two-level system of local government to a one-level system. At the same time, arguments are given in favor of transferring the authority to conduct municipal external financial control from the control and accounting bodies of the Ministry of Defense to the control and accounting bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The above actions should practically contribute to compliance with the basic principles within the framework of financial external control. First of all, positive changes will occur in relation to the principle of independence, and therefore the effectiveness and objectivity of such control will be justified.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the forming of a pedagogical methodology for solving the problem of a methodically sound choice of digital educational resources and their effective use in the educational process. It is proposed to create a methodology based on the author’s digital lesson constructor, the structural model of which is based on Bloom’s taxonomy and Allan Carrington’s results planning and learning process model adapted to the conditions of the Russian digital environment. The experience of systematizing information resources based on the author’s digital lesson constructor and demonstrating the application of the methodology on the example of creating a visualization of an educational purpose using the infographic technique are presented. A survey of teachers of the Udmurt Republic in various subject areas is being conducted to assess the direct use of digital resources. By sectors of the digital lesson constructor, an example of a comparative analysis of digital tools for creating educational visualization using the infographic technique is demonstrated. As an empirical material, the results of the implementation of an innovative project – the Republican Innovation Platform based on the SBEI UR “Lyceum No. 41” in Izhevsk, headed by the author of the article, were used. The proposed methodological solution to the processes of systematization, selection and application of digital educational resources can be used by teachers to create educational technologies for different types of classes.

Annotation: The article is devoted to relevant issues of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process. Presently, the technologies underlying artificial intelligence are beginning to play an increasingly prominent role in the developing process of digital transformation of education. The use of artificial intelligence technologies leads to an unprecedented expansion of educational opportunities, including intelligent learning systems and chatbots, automatic assessment mechanisms, customizable educational materials, analytical educational technologies, consulting systems, in-game and virtual reality learning technologies. The purpose of this article is to identify the areas of artificial intelligence use in the educational process, advantages, mechanisms and risks arising from the introduction of artificial intelligence in education. The authors conclude about the natural development of the educational process towards the use of artificial intelligence, due to the digital transformation of all socio-economic systems of society, reveal the possibilities of using these technologies in education, the implementation of which will allow the selection of the most optimal learning strategy, the improvement of a large number of educational operations, assistance in organizing an effective educational process and building the necessary communications.

Annotation: The article studies the reasons, features, and factors of project management in the agri-industrial complex of Russia. The role of project management to improve the quality of the dairy business is highlighted. The method and methodology of the work include: diagnosis and observation, analysis of causal relationships, structural analysis and generalization of data on comparable projects in the field of functioning of subjects of the dairy segment. The article presents an analysis of alternative projects in the field of organizing the production, processing of milk and the sale of dairy products in the agri-food markets of Russia. As a result of the studies, it was proposed to classify the parameters of alternative projects in the activities of the subjects of the product subcommittee of the agri-industrial complex. The assignment of points and the determination of the hierarchy for decision-making purposes made it possible to make the right economic choice within the framework of project management. The generalization of the results of the expert assessment contributed to measuring the effectiveness of projects taking into account the stages of the life cycle: projecting, construction, reconstruction, operation of equipment for cow houses and beef-producing farm, milking and collection of milk as a raw material. The article also examined the relationship between project management mechanisms and the results of improving the quality of milk and dairy production in Russia.

Annotation: The return of house arrest to the sphere of criminal procedural activity caused a surge of interest in this measure of restraint on the part of not only law enforcement officers, but also scientists. According to the developers of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, house arrest was conceived as a reasonable alternative to detention: the legal restrictions inherent in it allow achieving similar goals, while, on the one hand, implementing the principle of economy of repression, on the other hand, spending significantly less material and financial costs, rationally using human resources. At the initial stage of application, house arrest was not alien to shortcomings and gaps both in the legal regulation of this measure of procedural coercion (11 amendments and additions were made to Article 107 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation) and repeated attempts by scientists to understand its legal nature more deeply. The authors of this work present their vision of the essence of the considered procedural institution from the standpoint of the theory of law.

Annotation: The article is devoted to relevant issues of the implementation of digital technologies in the field of jurisprudence. The modern movement of society towards digitalization involves an increasing number of social relations into its orbit – from science and education to economics and law. The development of digital technologies affects both the field of private and public law, which requires a serious analysis of the key factors of the introduction of digital technologies in the field of civil law. The purpose of this article is: to identify the legal understanding of the concept of digital technologies in general, and artificial intelligence in particular; to analyze the advantages and risks of using digital technologies in civil law; to make proposals for improving the implementation of digital technologies in the field of jurisprudence. The authors conclude that there is a need for legislative regulation of the use of digital technologies in public systems and propose the introduction of experimental legal regimes, which can become the tools that in the future can show their effectiveness in solving the problem of innovative and safe implementation of digital technologies in civil law.

Annotation: The introduction of Article 189.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation caused certain difficulties in conducting preliminary investigations, both from a procedural and tactical point of view. The article discusses problematic issues, the possibilities and expediency of conducting an initial interrogation and confrontation by using videoconferencing systems. The article analyzes the possible risks of losing the evidentiary value of testimony obtained during remote interrogation, as well as a possible increase in document flow, an increase in the number of subjects of investigation and a possible increase in the staff of internal affairs bodies. Attention is drawn to the lack of consensus among modern lawyers regarding the effectiveness of interrogation and confrontation through the use of videoconferencing. Special attention is paid to the organization and tactics of investigative actions through the use of videoconferencing with the participation of persons located in different time zones. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to make amendments to Article 189.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.

Annotation: The issues of adaptation of students to the educational environment of the university deserve great interest. The relevance of the problem is due to the need to study and understand the processes of active adaptation and adaptive mechanisms of the body, due to both physical and psychological factors. Physical activity, stress, fatigue of a physical and psychological nature affect the adaptive capabilities of the body. Overstrain of regulatory systems can cause disruption of adaptation with the appearance and development of all kinds of pathological processes and diseases. It was found that adequate reactions of all body systems to various types of loads have a positive effect on the adaptive capabilities of the body, protecting it from the likelihood of an adaptive breakdown. The purpose of the study was the possibility of using functional state con- trol technologies to determine the adaptive capabilities of the students’ body in relation to loads during the educational process. The study involved students of 1–3 courses of the medical University aged 17 to 20 years. The obtained results make it possible to design loads competently and carry out their individual correction in order to plan adequate load regimes during physical education classes and in sports sections for the active forming of adaptive capabilities of the body.

Annotation: The relevance of this article is due to the fact that there are problems with the seizure of property from the bankruptcy estate in bankruptcy cases, if such property is protected by executive immunity. The article reveals the issue of changing the law enforcement practice in relation to executive immunity. The actual judicial and practical changes in the sale of the debtor’s only housing as part of the insolvency (bankruptcy) procedure were studied. The nature of property immunity in case of bankruptcy of the debtor and the establishment of the limits of such immunity are investigated. In order to achieve the goal of the article the following tasks are outlined: to understand the concept of “enforcement immunity”, to determine the qualifying features, to determine the operation of this institution and compare it in the bankruptcy procedure with enforcement proceedings, to consider the limits of executive immunity, having studied in more detail the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated April 26 2021 No. 15-P, as well as to determine the specifics of the sale of property that falls under executive immunity. General and specific methods of cognition were used during the investigation.

Annotation: The article includes a detailed analysis of several existing methods for assessing the value of receivables: coefficient methodology, methods of the Financial Academy and the National Collegium of Appraisers, author’s methods of M.V. Kruglov and Y.V. Kozyr. On their basis the multifactor method of express estimation of receivables value was developed, which allows us to take into account the time factor, the presence of collateral and the financial condition of the debtor. In the end an example of estimation of receivables value on the basis of public reporting of an agro-industrial company is given.

Annotation: Due to the rapid development of information and communication links and the active entry of Russian corporations into international markets, the issues of protection of intangible benefits are increasingly becoming the object of legal science research. One of the objects of non-property rights is business reputation, as well as ways of its legal protection. The analysis of judicial practice shows the importance of considering regulatory issues in the field of business reputation protection, since the application of current legislation in the field of business reputation protection often faces certain problems. According to the norms of civil legislation, one of the methods of protecting business reputation is protection by refuting defamatory information. The article discusses the necessary and sufficient conditions for the application of protection of business reputation by refuting the defamatory information of the applicant. As a result, it is shown that the use of protection of business reputation by refuting defamatory information is possible only if all three conditions defined by the norms of civil law.

Annotation: The article defines the financial planning system of a corporation. The necessity of forecasting the cost of business by the financial planning system of Russian corporations is analyzed, including due to the application of international financial reporting standards as part of the convergence of Russian accounting standards with international financial reporting standards. It is revealed that international financial reporting standards define the discounted cash flow method as the main one for determining the value of a corporation. Within the framework of the weighted average cost of capital method, the existing methods of assessing the cost of equity of corporations are considered and their applicability by non-public companies is analyzed. A modified method of assessing capital assets is proposed for organizations whose shares are not traded on the stock market. This modified method of capital asset valuation is a combination of the discounted dividend flow method and the W. Sharp capital asset valuation model, while having a lower level of subjectivity than the cumulative construction method.

Annotation: This article describes the typological features of the study of the sense of patriotism among police cadets. The author substantiates the need to form a sense of patriotism manifested in the love of their culture: traditions, customs, art of their people. The specifics of the educational process in a departmental educational organization, the order of interaction of an educational institution with public organizations in the forming of patriotism are revealed. The features of the forming of the socio-cultural type of the sense of patriotism are described: the concept, types, research, specifics of upbringing. The article presents the history of the study of the sociocultural type of the sense of patriotism and the scheme of the relationship of the socio-cultural type of the sense of patriotism with other types of the phenomenon under study. The description of promising directions for further research on the subject of fostering a sense of patriotism is given. The problems that have a significant impact on the development of the socio-cultural type of patriotism are listed. The conclusion is made about the importance of revising approaches to patriotic education in pedagogical science, in accordance with the new realities of the modern world existing in a complicated military-economic situation.

Annotation: Among the innovative practices and scientific achievements of pedagogy of the 20th century, A. S. Makarenko’s “optimistic hypothesis” occupies a special place as an approach to a growing personality and a technology for developing its capabilities. The subject of this study is the principle of optimism, which, within the framework of pedagogy, serves for the teacher as a worldview and methodological basis for the formation of educational motivation, academic performance and cognitive interest of students with a focus on their personal growth, selfrealization in educational and pedagogical and personal developmental interaction, and then acts as a meaningful and the technological aspect of creating a situation of success in learning activities. The purpose of the work is to reveal the evolution of the principle of optimism of A.S. Makarenko in the content and technologies for creating a situation of success in educational activities. The methodological basis of the study was the existential and humanistic approaches to joy understanding in the structure of the educational process. The article reveals the pedagogical essence of the principle of optimism in its development and alternations. The connection of the classical method of creating optimistic prospects by A.S. Makarenko and the modern pedagogical system for creating a situation of success developed by A.S. Belkin. Particular attention is paid to the description of variable innovative pedagogical techniques that encourage students to achieve success. The theoretical and methodological provisions of the work can serve as the basis for the development of seminars and practical exercises with elements of training in advanced training courses for teachers.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of a civil contract as the main legal fact that generates property relations, as well as the place of contract law in the Russian legal system. The article considers the emergence of legal norms on contracts in domestic law, their evolution, the types of contracts provided for by the norms of Russian law at various stages of its development (Russkaya Pravda, Codes of Laws, the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, the civil legislation of the USSR), as well as the place of the contract in the system of legal facts that generate, modify and terminate civil legal relations on at the present stage of development of domestic law. The views of legal scholars on the role and place of contracts in the system of legal facts are analyzed, a comparative characteristic of a civil law contract and other types of contracts, the conclusion of which is provided for by legal norms, is presented. The conclusion is made about the correlation of the concepts of “civil law” and “contract law” at the present stage of development of the Russian legal system.

Annotation: The importance of the factors of choosing a medical organization by patients has changed recently. These changes reflect fundamental problems that have not been solved in healthcare for a long time. The purpose of this study is to monitor the factors of choosing a medical organization by a patient and identify the reasons that contribute to changing consumer preferences when choosing a medical organization. In the course of the study, methods of collecting and analyzing secondary information were used: statistical data, expert reviews, data from sociological surveys presented in the reports of analytical agencies and in publications were analyzed. In the course of the study, the authors made the assumption that the main value for the patient are: effective treatment and a high level of service. However, the study revealed a change in consumer preferences of patients when choosing a medical organization. The importance of factors ensuring the effectiveness of treatment, such as “doctor’s qualification” and “usefulness of admission” decreased, while the importance of the factors “price of medical services” and “technical equipment of a medical organization” increased. It was revealed that the increase in the importance of the “price of medical services” factor is associated with a shortage of personnel in most regions of the Russian Federation, as well as with the partial unification of the treatment process, which arose as a result of the introduction of clinical treatment recommendations. And the increase in the importance of the factor “technical equipment of medical organizations” is associated with excessive wear of equipment in medical organizations. The results obtained are of practical importance, since they can be useful for building a patient-oriented healthcare management system.

Annotation: Тhis article examines the period of forming and functioning of such correctional institution, as Atlyan labor colony, from the moment of organization to the moment of reorganization. Based on the normative acts presented in chronological order and archival materials launched into scientific circulation for the first time, the author comes to the conclusion that the Atlyan labor colony for minors, since its establishment in 1935 and until 1940, was a place for re-education and training of pupils. It can be stated that in the first half of the 1930s, in certain institutions, with the active assistance of employees working in labor colonies, a differentiated approach to education was introduced. A very significant and effective means of correcting teenage delinquents was patronage (mentoring) from masters – specialists who captivated children with their skills. Thus, the author points to the positive achievements of individual labor colonies in the re-education of juvenile offenders in the early 1930–1940s.

Annotation: The article analyzes the institution of the mediation procedure in the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign countries, identifies its positive and negative aspects, as well as the problems of legal regulation of the named institution, both in the organizational and procedural context. Despite the long and ornate path of development of this dispute resolution mechanism autonomous from the state, its unpopularity is primarily due to more attractive conditions for litigants to apply to classical institutions for the protection of violated rights. At the same time the state is interested in the development of non-state forms of conflict resolution, in particular in mediation, including due to their low implementation cost for the state, compared to the judicial system, but this criterion should not affect the quality of the final “product”, which also seems to be a certain problem for the successful use of mediation in Russia. In the course of the study relevant conclusions are substituted and further improvement of the institution of mediation is proposed.

Annotation: The active digitalization of almost all spheres of modern society has also affected education, which inevitably led to the abandonment of traditional teaching methods in favor of interactive ones aimed not at acquiring knowledge but at turning it into competencies, practical skills, and abilities. To a large extent, the given process was expedited by the change in the teacher’s role, from the classical translator of the knowledge from the textbook to the facilitator, who allows students to concentrate on learning goals and supporting positive motivation in their achievement. One of the most effective methods of interactive learning is the hexagon method, first described by the English history teacher Russell Tarr at the end of the 20th century. However, an analysis of the literature on the problem showed that despite the obvious linguodidactic potential of this method, it is practically not used in higher education. Our study aims to fill the existing gap and prove that the hexagon method is an effective way to develop speech, lexical, and debating skills of students majoring technical specialties.

Annotation: The article describes the features of the functioning of the investment and construction sector in an unstable external environment due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, implemented economic sanctions and the influence of other macroeconomic factors. The authors pay attention to the analysis of risks generated by the uncertainty factors of the internal and external environment, which are associated with the activities of construction industry enterprises in the process of implementing investment and construction activities, as well as the need to create a risk management system based on taking into account all the features of the investment and construction process. In order to identify the degree of influence of risk and uncertainty on the performance of construction companies, the authors analyzed construction companies registered and operating in the Penza region. In order to evaluate the performance indicators, several key players in the construction market were selected from the entire population and the results of the analysis of key profitability indicators, capital structure, financial results and their impact on the level of risk are presented.

Annotation: The article raises the problem of the need for scientific research in the work of a teacher within the framework of a taught discipline. This topic, poorly reflected in pedagogical science, is considered on the basis of teaching history in the system of higher and secondary vocational education. The author provides options for controversial historical issues that are unsatisfactorily presented in the educational literature, as well as issues that are not reflected at all in the educational literature or are reflected on the basis of outdated data. Based on the experi- ence of his own teaching, the author introduces the reader to specific examples of research work, the results of which he applies in the classroom, as well as some historical sources that a history teacher can use in scientific activities. At the end of the article, an attempt is made to classify the research activities of a history teacher. The results obtained can be used in the work of a history teacher in the system of higher and secondary vocational education.

Annotation: The article presents the result of a study of the legal meaning of such terms as “insolvency” and “bankruptcy” on the basis of existing approaches formulated in the scientific and legal doctrine, namely: the traditional approach (distinguishing the concepts of “insolvency” and “bankruptcy” and referring them to different legal areas); the approach according to which these concepts are interconnected and correlated as a cause (insolvency) and a consequence (bankruptcy); the legislative approach. A comparative analysis of the definitions of the thesaurus under study is carried out according to the scientific and theoretical position of specialists and researchers in the field of domestic law. The issue is raised on the expediency of differentiating the concepts of “insolvency” and “bankruptcy” in relation to legal practice. The methodology of analysis includes several preferential research methods, namely: comparative, historical, dogmatic. Based on the analyzed theoretical knowledge, as well as using those as the main argument, a conclusion was stated that accumulates modern approaches to the definition and differentiation of the terms “insolvency” and “bankruptcy”.

Annotation: The article conducts an overview study of the features of Russia’s investments in energy projects in the Arctic. The investment priorities of Russia in the Arctic, defined in modern strategic documents, are analyzed. Statistical data on the dynamics and structure of investments in fixed assets carried out on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are presented. The largest Russian energy projects in the Arctic are analyzed in detail. The main problems and difficulties of Russian investments in energy projects in the Arctic are highlighted, which were conditionally divided into four main groups - the difficulty of access to resources, difficulties in providing energy infrastructure, geopolitical difficulties and logistical problems. The prospects for the implementation of Russian investment projects in the Arctic region are determined. The necessity of strengthening the work on stimulating investments in the development of technological support for energy projects in the Arctic, the development of transport and logistics routes for the movement of Arctic oil within the country, ensuring more efficient develop- ment of Arctic oil refining both for the domestic market and for export is substantiated.

Annotation: The article, based on statistical data from the GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, analyzes the state and dynamics of crimes that violate the inviolability of the housing. There has been a positive trend towards a decrease in the number of convicts since 2018. At the same time the share of the crimes under consideration in the total number of crimes under Chapter 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation remains significant. Typical personality portraits of criminals committing criminal acts both according to the main and qualified elements of the crime are described. Persons brought to justice often do not believe that they are committing a crime because they invade someone else’s home during domestic quarrels, as well as for other, as it seems to them, “valid” reasons. The most of crimes are committed in a state of intoxication. Factors that make it difficult to bring a violator to justice under Part 3 of Article 139 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: qualification features, active counteraction of a suspect (accused).

Annotation: The article is devoted to the development of methods for solving environmental problems in the regions of Russia. The object of the study is the instruments of environmental regulation of industrial activity. The research methods were statistical-economic, abstract-logical and system analysis. Basing on the research results, an algorithm for the development of economic instruments of environmental regulation of five stages is proposed: analysis of the impact of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by industrial production on the quality of ambient air; assessment of the cost indicators of environmental protection activities (economic damage from atmospheric pollution, environmental costs and pollution charges); identification of problems of economic regulation of the effects of industrial activities on the environment; economic assessment of the impact of polluted ambient air on the health of the population, including the costs of providing medical care and compensation for people’s disability, loss of gross regional product; recommendations for improving economic instruments of environmental regulation. New approaches to the implementation of regional environmental policy have been developed by taking into account the influence of the environmental factor on the quality of life of the population.

Annotation: The article is devoted to actual issues of professional orientation of schoolchildren in modern market conditions. It has been proven that outdated approaches to the organization of career guidance lag real economic and industrial challenges. The purpose of the article is to identify effective innovative pedagogical approaches to the career guidance of schoolchildren and reveal their impact on the competitiveness of a specialist. The article outlines the problems in career guidance work in Russia. New professions and requirements for them in the context of market competition are defined. Significant federal projects of the Russian Federation in the field of vocational education and youth policy are indicated. The novelty of the study is that effective pedagogical approaches to the career guidance of schoolchildren are disclosed, namely: cognitive, preparatory, motivational, creative, geographical, prognostic, critical, existential, individual; continuous education and self-improvement; an approach based on sustainable professional interaction (parents-students, employers-students, employersparents), a practice-oriented pedagogical approach, consultative, interdisciplinary, systemic or integrated.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the deprivation of the development of professionally oriented social intelligence of future specialists in the field of direct contact work with clients in a pandemic situation. The purpose of the study is to identify psychological mechanisms and their methodological features that contribute to the development of professionally oriented social intelligence of students under the constraints of social communications. The research methods are pedagogical observation, empirical generalization, descriptive and analytical method. The article highlights and characterizes the basic psychological mechanisms aimed at the forming of professionally oriented social intelligence of students. The essence of the process of forming of social intelligence of future specialists is revealed, which consists in the forming of a system of individually expressed cognitive and personal structures. It is noted that cognitive-personal structures ensure the student’s readiness for empathic interaction with the client, whose socialization may be burdened with a spectrum of covid manifestations and limitations, distortion of habitual patterns. The conducted research focuses the employees of the education system on the search for factors and organizational conditions for the forming of special strategies for the professional behavior of future specialists under the constraints of social communications.

Annotation: China’s anti-corruption efforts in recent years have been unprecedented. A large number of corrupt individuals have been brought to disciplinary and even criminal responsibility. In 2003, the Chinese Government signed the UN Convention against Corruption, and in 2005, China ratified its accession to the Convention. After the accession, China has begun a series of amendments and improvements to anti-corruption norms. The anti-corruption accusations of Chinese criminal law are characterized by the fact that state officials are the core of the subjects of corruption-related offenses; physical entities and legal entities as subjects also co-exist there; and high pressure is maintained on corruption offenses. In addition to making the necessary changes to national legislation, China has taken appropriate steps to position itself internationally as a country that does not tolerate corrupt behavior by officials. In order to punish and prevent corrupt behaviors, strengthening international cooperation against corruption has become an inevitable choice for China.

Annotation: The last couple of decades show that social entrepreneurship has been gaining more and more recognition in academic as well as managerial and public discourse. This is due to its innovative capabilities to solve social problems, with the urgency of many remaining quite high. It is no coincidence that social entrepreneurship is often associated with social innovation. Moreover, the development of this phenomenon within a particular territory depends greatly on the favorable conditions that have been created for this. In this regard, the article examines the features of support and problems of the forming of social entrepreneurship in Russia. The study underlines that currently Russian social entrepreneurship is in the stage of active development. However, it still gets behind many developed countries in scope due to differences in the formative environment. The research reveals the specifics of social entrepreneurship in modern Russia using data from international and Russian ratings, sociological and expert surveys. Key support measures and problems in the area, pointing out the need to improve the conditions for the development of social entrepreneurship based on an ecosystem approach are outlined in the article.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the consideration of the essence and legal nature of the legislative novelty of Russian law – the prohibition of certain actions. The author of the article refers to related categories and other preventive measures implemented in criminal practice. In addition the article contains an analysis of the problematic aspects of the application of the considered preventive measure. Among the problems identified are the problem of monitoring the fulfillment of the conditions of the ban, the expediency of a ban on the use of the Internet information and telecommunications network, duplication of the rules governing house arrest and a ban on leaving the place of residence, and so on. An assessment is given of the correlation of this preventive measure with the constitutional principle of proportionality of the restriction of the rights and freedom of a person and a citizen. Nevertheless, despite the shortcomings identified, the emergence in the domestic criminal procedure law of such a measure of restraint as “prohibition of certain actions” is considered by the author as a natural step towards the humanization of criminal procedure legislation and increasing the efficiency of legal proceedings.

Annotation: The aim of the article is the need to conduct a study of affect as a criminal legal category, which is associated with problems in law enforcement practice in the qualification of privileged compositions of murders and causing serious harm to health in the heat of passion. The problems of determining affect lead to errors in the qualification of crimes. The solution of the research tasks predetermined the complex of research methods and the essence of the phenomenon under study. Such a set of methods includes the dialectical method of cognition, the method of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach that contribute to a comprehensive and substantive study of the issues raised. The scientific novelty of the study is that based on the analysis of the provisions of criminal legislation, as well as the opinions of scientists, a proposal is made to understand affect as a special emotional state of the subject, as well as to consolidate a clearer concept in the disposition of Article 107 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The scientific and practical significance of the provisions of the article is as a methodological basis for the development and implementation of ways to solve problems that are associated with responsibility for crimes committed in a state of passion.

Annotation: The authors of the article address the problem of finding effective methods of teaching terms in Russian as a foreign language. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the conditions for the successful development of terminology by foreign students are determined, a system of educational tasks is being developed that allows forming the skill of verbal expression of generalization and concretization. This skill allows them to remove difficulties in the formulation of terms and in operating with special vocabulary. The authors relied on the following methods: descriptive-analytical, the method of activating the reserve capabilities of the individual and the team (G.A. Kitaygorodskaya), the principle of interdisciplinary coordination and integrated (professionally and communicatively directed) foreign language teaching, the principle of rational restriction of the vocabulary minimum in order to develop the maximum number of speech skills (V.A. Bukhbinder). The authors demonstrate that the effective use of terminology in professional communication is impossible without speech and cognitive “scenarios”: generalization, concretization, selection of distinctive features and assessment of their (in-)sufficiency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the relevant problem of choice of the assessment tool of the competencies forming among university students. The authors of the article describe a study related to the use of a professional podcast contest conducted in a foreign language as an assessment tool to determine the level of development of foreign language communicative competence among students of non-linguistic areas studying the discipline “Foreign (English) language in the professional area.” The choice of this assessment tool is dictated by the need to search for alternative forms of control when traditional forms lose their relevance and do not always correspond to new requirements of the educational process. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of podcasting technology in the educational process is effective, since it ensures professional orientation of tasks for control, increases motivation to learn a foreign language and contributes to the realization of the creative potential of students. The practical significance of the study lies in the critical assessment of teaching experience, as well as the possibility of using the presented task in the practice of teaching a foreign language.

Annotation: This article discusses the issues of legal regulation of the process of the legal status of general economic partnerships in the Russian legal field and in foreign countries. The legal nature of economic partnerships is revealed, as well as their distinctive features are highlighted. One of the most promising and interesting tasks for legal theory and significant for the development of the Russian economy is the study of the legal structures of forms of entrepreneurship in foreign countries and the possibility of using this experience to improve the relevant norms of Russian civil legislation. Based on such grounds, a comparative legal analysis of the legal regulation of general partnerships in the Russian Federation and foreign countries was carried out, considering their common features and significant differences. The results of the analysis show that it is possible to identify certain significant problems that are associated with the omission of the legislator in the process of transforming such a form of organization as a partnership, which in turn creates obstacles to conducting economic activities within this form of organization.

Annotation: The problem of manifestation of violence at all times is a problem in the development of society. In places of isolation of potential criminals the manifestation of violence is a significant problem in the functioning of these institutions in accordance with the law and interferes with their full performance of the tasks assigned to them. This work is devoted to the problems of manifestation of violence and the issues of their prevention by foreign citizens in custody. The relevance of the study is caused by the ever-increasing number of migrants arriving in our country, which negatively affects their commission of crimes with the use of violence, including while in detention. The paper analyzes the features of foreign citizens held in custody, examines the types of conflict situations that arise with their participation during the period of detention in a pre-trial detention centers. The study was conducted in pre-trial detention centers located on the territory of the Moscow Oblast in the period 2022–2023 (first quarter) years.

Annotation: A huge number of scientific, popular science, journalistic and information works have been written about the Aral Sea and its tragedy. In our field of consideration are water-agricultural materials that allow us to make another generalization of the state of the sea problem in new political and economic conditions. This article provides a historical analysis of the drying up of the Aral Sea as a unique example of the consequences of an- thropogenic impact on a water body. For a more complete understanding, a multifactorial process of changing the nature of land development in the Aral Sea basin is shown, which influenced the dynamics of its drying out and retouching the consequences.

Annotation: The article considers the foundations of a sustainable development strategy and its wide dissemination, analyzes the factors that motivate enterprises to implement the principles of sustainable development in their activities, identifies the basic components of the mechanism for sustainable development of enterprises, assesses the impact of sanctions on the implementation of the principles of sustainable development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation; the measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses of the Russian Federation in the area of sustainable development are considered and directions for their further development are identified; the estimation of the state support of small and medium-size business is presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the analysis of the reasons for implementation of a sustainable development mechanism at small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation is presented. Such issues as methods and tools determination for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable development mechanisms and key indicators of sustainable development identification for small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation, are solved.

Annotation: The specifics of the ongoing changes in the modern world, which is characterized by sharply aggravated global political, economic, social, ethnic and spiritual and moral problems, determines as a priority the problem of harmonious intercultural coexistence, interaction and cooperation of people of different nationalities, different faiths in a single multi-ethnic society. Therefore, the problem of perspective specialists’ professional training, including military personnel, for life in a multicultural environment is of particular relevance. The effective conduction of military-professional activities in modern sociocultural conditions is possible only in accordance with national characteristics and cultural needs of subjects as different ethnic groups representatives. The inclusion of an ethnocultural component in the process of professional training at a military university, the purpose of which is to educate a humanistically oriented personality, open to communication with representatives of various nationalities, taking into account the features of ethnocultural education of comrades, as well as possible difficulties of interethnic interaction and able to find constructive ways to resolve it, seems to be the most acceptable in authors opinion. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of the ethnocultural component of professional training at a military university from the standpoint of the expediency of its inclusion in the system of higher military education.

Annotation: The article describes the issues of the need to maintain a balance between the operation of the principle of independence of judges and measures of disciplinary responsibility. Attention is paid to the need to clarify the terminology in relation to the responsibility of judges, since it is unique and due to the special status of a judge. An analysis of decisions to bring judges to disciplinary liability led to the conclusion that there is no negative impact of disciplinary liability of judges on their independence, in addition the transfer of powers from the judiciary to the bodies of the judicial community provides a basic guarantee against unjustified prosecution and respect for the principle of judicial independence. It is substantiated that not the responsibility itself, but the nature of the disciplinary offense may contradict the principle of the independence of judges. Positive dynamics in the development of legislation on disciplinary liability of judges is noted. The problem associated with determining the necessary qualities of a candidate for the position of a judge, when deciding on a recommendation as a guarantee against possible violations of the law and the Code of Judicial Ethics, is indicated.

Annotation: Over the past 10 years, the institution of jurors in Russia has undergone significant changes. According to the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in 2022 courts of general jurisdiction with the participation of jurors considered 1096 criminal cases. The article highlights the problems of proceedings in court with the participation of jurors and also explores possible ways to solve these problems by amending the criminal procedure legislation. The purpose of the study is to highlight the problems of a theoretical, organizational, legal and law enforcement nature related to the production of a criminal case in court with the participation of jurors, to suggest promising ways to solve these problems. The methodological basis of the study was the formal legal method, comparative legal method, as well as general scientific methods of cognition.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the desire to neutralize some of the problems that arise when collecting debts on alimony obligations, due to the increasing total debt and an increase in the number of enforcement proceedings for the recovery of alimony. The tasks of the study are a brief overview of the legislative regulation of the assignment of alimony and the process of their recovery, identification of problematic aspects on this topic. The purpose of the study is to highlight the problematic aspects of the forced recovery of alimony, with suggestions for their possible elimination. Methodological basis: formal legal method, comparative legal method, as well as general scientific methods of cognition. The article discusses some of the problems that arise when collecting debts on alimony obligations. The regulatory framework governing the procedure for paying alimony, as well as the procedure for the activities of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia in this area is analyzed. Some factors that have both positive and negative impact on the recovery were studied. Recommendations and possible ways of resolving the existing problematic situations are given, namely, amendments to the current legislation in order to tighten the regime of entry into the territory of the Russian Federation of persons who are debtors of alimony obligations.

Annotation: The subject of the study is political economic relations functioning in conditions of increasing complexity, which determines the need for the formation of such a qualitative integrity of a person’s life that corresponds to the dignity of his/her essential forces and relevant creative and labor self-realization. The purpose of the article is to identify the essence of the phenomenon of a decent life and to prove the basic role of this category in the system of economic relations that meet the requirements of economic synergy. The methodology of qualitative analysis was used, and the heuristic potential of such binary forms as freedom and necessity, general and special was realized when characterizing the elements of a worthy response of a person to various forms of increasing complexity. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the proof that the external synergy of the increase in economic complexity should correspond to the internal synergy of the essential forces of the individual, which is the most important function of his/her life with dignity. The interpretation of a decent life is proposed, and the “triad” of its key components is characterized: inner freedom in unity with the imperative of necessity, the ability to divergent thinking and the relevant property system. The scientific and practical significance of the statements of the article lies in the need to develop a political economy of a decent life, in which the individual becomes the goal and condition of reproduction from a means of creating values.

Annotation: The article deals with the problems of bringing to administrative responsibility for committing petty hooliganism, provided for in Part 1 of Article 20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the variety of forms of manifestation of petty hooliganism, the problems associated with the presence of many evaluative concepts as part of this administrative offense are revealed. It is noted that currently the concept and content of “obscene language” is not formulated in the legislation, there is no definition of a public place, which allows the law enforcement officer to determine whether the composition of this offense is present in the acts of persons independently, at his own discretion and convictions. The study also revealed other problems associated with this administrative offense, for example, such as the lack of a differentiated approach to sentencing. The study was conducted using scientific sources, judicial practice, as well as the draft Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, recommendations are made aimed at improving the qualification of the composition of an administrative offense provided for in Part 1 of Article 20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

Annotation: The aim of the study is to provide a multidimensional methodological description of a distance project for introducing foreign language students to the cultural heritage of a particular region of the target language in Russian as a foreign language classes. The subject of the study is the methodology of formation of non-native speakers’ readiness to learn Russian through the project “Hospitable Russia”. Pedagogical science recognizes the need to implement distance forms of learning, which acquire special significance in work with foreigners. In the practice of teaching Russian in a foreign audience it is necessary to form in students an idea of the studied language through the system of knowledge about the culture of the country as a whole and a separate region in particular. In the course of the research the authors turned to the following methods: pedagogical observation, empirical generalization, methodological experiment. The article presents the methodological development of the creative project “Hospitable Russia” for foreign students from the Republic of Uganda. Based on the conducted experimental training, the authors make suggestions for further development and improvement of the project for its implementation in the audience of students from African countries.

Annotation: The purpose of the article is an essential and structural-content analysis of digital behavior as a phenomenon of the digitalization era with the justification of the analogy of this phenomenon with behavior in the traditional sense of the term. The presented goal involves the use of research tools, which includes phenomenological and structural-content analysis of both general humanitarian and psychological-pedagogical nature. Elements of the differentiation method, abstraction and synthesis are used to identify individual components of the content of digital behavior. As a result of the research, the author makes conclusions about the difference between the concept of digital behavior and the concept of using the Internet, taking into account the special meaningful personality-conditioned aspects of digital life inherent in the former. At the same time, the structure of digital behavior appears to be the unity of all network actions that can be differentiated as search, consumption, production and exchange of information. At the same time, consumption is a key information aspect of personal development in the digital environment; and the content of digital behavior includes value-semantic, ideological, cognitive and motivational-target components.

Annotation: This study is devoted to the analysis of deficits of teachers and students of the university in the preparation of scientific publications. A statistical study was conducted to identify factors that reduce the effectiveness of their research activities. The experimental data were processed using methods of frequency analysis, descriptive sta- tistics, and comparative analysis. Based on the results of statistical data processing, conclusions are formulated about typical difficulties in the preparation of scientific publications by students and teachers. A comparison of the views of students and teachers revealed differences in the assessment of the degree of complexity of the preparation of individual structural components of scientific articles. The most effective forms of educational and methodological complexes for the creation of scientific projects and the preparation of publications have been identified. The results obtained indicate the relevance of the introduction of chatbots as virtual assistants. An experimental version of a chatbot based on the Telegram platform has been developed and tested to implement support functions in the preparation of scientific publications. The directions of development of the technical functionality of the virtual assistant are noted.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the need to preserve fundamental approaches to the problem of subjects of civil proceedings based on the nature and presence of legal interest, but with the necessary rethinking of the current state of legislation and the needs of practice. The issue on the subjects of civil proceedings is of decisive importance for effective judicial protection. The insufficiency of legal regulation of persons participating in the case is shown. The definition of the parties given in the theory back in the last century does not correspond to the current state of practice, especially in cases where the subject of judicial protection is the rights and interests of minors, whose status is not at all defined in the law. The necessity of clarifying the status and name of the person acting in the interests of the group when filing a class action is substantiated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation does not single out a group of subjects that contribute to the administration of justice. On the basis of new approaches to the problem of legal interest, arguments are given in favor of changing the status of a representative in court. The article aims to identify the most problematic moments in the legal regulation of subjects of civil procedural legal relations in order to improve judicial protection.

Annotation: The article describes the consequences of state support for the system of small and medium-sized businesses. In the Russian economy, the problem of small business development has remained extremely relevant for many years. The article analyzes the results of the introduction of special tax regimes both from the point of view of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and from the standpoint of the fiscal system of the state. Using the methods of statistical analysis, synthesis, systematization, the authors of this article conducted a study of the reaction of SMEs to the introduction of preferential tax regimes. As a result, special tax regimes that are popular and unpopular among SMEs have been identified. The share of revenues from the application of special tax regimes to the budget has been determined. The authors propose their own system of indicators of the effectiveness of tax support for small businesses: the structure of SMEs; tax burden, receipts of tax payments to the budget. The analysis of statistical tax reporting forms allowed the authors to identify the dynamics of the reaction of small and medium-sized businesses to the introduced special tax regimes through the analysis of the above indicators and to determine the effectiveness of the state policy of SME support in terms of its tax support.

Annotation: The article discusses the possibilities, features and specifics of the application of the project method in teaching medical students in the disciplines of the humanities. The experience of applying the project method is summarized, the main difficulties of its practical implementation in teaching medical students are systematized. The empirical basis of the study was the analysis of the results of the implementation of the method of projects by the Department of Philosophy and History of the Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and generalized practical experience, recommendations were developed on the use of the project method in the study of humanitarian disciplines in a medical university. Within the framework of the project method, pedagogical techniques are identified aimed at the professional self-development of a medical student, the forming of skills and abilities of research and creative search, the application of interdisciplinary knowledge, the forming of a personality prone to continuous self-education. The obtained results of the study can contribute to the development of methodological support for humanitarian disciplines in the medical field.

Annotation: The article examines environmental efficiency in agriculture using the normative-technical method. It is noted that in the conditions of increasing technogenic burden on ecological systems, the problems of preserving and improving the environment are becoming paramount, especially in areas of active human economic activity. The authors have established that the determination of environmental efficiency is the most important condition for rational management. In this study, the author’s definition of environmental efficiency and the justification for the application of the regulatory and technical method in determining environmental efficiency in agriculture were given. The authors assessed the ecological efficiency of the normative and technical method on the example of agricultural lands in the Ryazan region of the Ryazan Oblast according to the criterion of soil acidity and con- cluded that it is expedient to apply this method in the form of a complex solution of an economic and mathemati- cal problem based on the set of the most common elements of the soil ecosystem. It is predetermined that such an approach can form the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to the assessment of environmental efficiency in agriculture and will bring a significant economic effect when applied in practice.

Annotation: A solution to the problem of young people’s axiological attitudes development by means of enriching the individual with national values is presented, which involves the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren, students and cadets. The serving-learning model is considered as a method of teaching and organizing educational programs using the example of a patriotic conference. The main directions of social service within the framework of orientation towards positive changes in society are listed. The proposed model can be implemented not only in the course of subject teaching, but also during extracurricular activities. The stages of serving-learning model implementation are described. It is emphasized that the value of the service-learning model is in resolving the contradiction between the negative phenomena of society and the tasks of educational organizations in developing young people’s spiritual and moral consciousness. Accordingly, there is a problem: what projects can be implemented to motivate young people to participate in patriotic events in order to preserve history about the Great Patriotic War as well as to develop their spiritual and moral qualities. In conclusion, the planned results of service learning model realization are presented in the framework of addressing issues of preserving and transferring knowledge about the events of the Great Patriotic War.

Annotation: The article investigates the initiation of global decarbonization of modern economic systems by reducing СО2 emissions during exothermic oxidation of CCE. The formalization of the decarbonization of the energy of economic systems by a functional scheme made it possible to reveal their transformations. It is noted that the engineer solutions of the energy sector of modern economic systems are implemented mainly by gas mixtures. It is stated that the saturation of hydrogen gas mixtures reduces the volumetric lower heat of combustion with a sharp increase in the “greenhouse effect”. It is noted that the high temperature of hydrogen combustion leads to an unacceptably high generation of NOx, exacerbating the issue of biological safety of hydrogen energy. In order to exclude the degradation of specific economic systems, it is proposed to assess the efficiency of their energy by the integral indicator EROI together with indicators of energy independence, energy security, availability of energy resources, etc. It is predetermined that such an approach can form the basis of a scientific and methodological approach to assessing the energy efficiency of economic systems, including multimodal genetic optimization.

Annotation: The subject of the study – the norms of law, provisions of literature on the pleadings and the last word of the defendant. The purpose of the study is to identify the theoretical and legal features of the parties’ pleadings and the last word of the defendant. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge form the methodological basis of the research. Conclusions on the article are: the debate of the parties is formed from the speeches of the prosecutor and the defender; the issue on the order of speech is resolved by the court, but the prosecutor is always the first, and the defendant, his defender, is the last; at the stage of the debate of the parties, inadmissible evidence and those not presented in court proceedings cannot be mentioned. In this regard, Part 5 of Article 292 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation should specify that the presiding judge has the right to stop persons participating in the debate, including in cases when they cite evidence not considered at the court session. The defendant (his/her defender) has the right of the last remark. Following the debate of the parties, the defendant may exercise the right to the last word. At this stage, he/she cannot be asked questions, nor is the duration limited.

Annotation: The article examines the relevance of the problem of using and implementing innovations to achieve sustainable development in the context of international experience. The link between digitalization and sustainable development is an important aspect of the development of the IT sector, especially in light of the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence. Two areas of application of innovative technologies are distinguished: blockchain and the use of new IT technologies in medicine. Blockchain technology is actively used in the field of environmental monitoring. An innovative project, Planetwatch, is being analyzed, the purpose of which is to improve the quality of monitoring of environmental pollution. Attention is paid to the development of Internet technologies related to digital health. Developing projects Botkin.AI – a software platform for diagnosing and assessing the risk of diseases using artificial intelligence technologies and Artiness – an innovative startup that offers augmented reality solutions used in the field of medicine are analyzed. Shift towards digital health means complementing e-health capabilities with analytic and mathematical medical data processing and smart modules that provide new quality of care, including support for medical decision-making. It is concluded that the pandemic has accelerated an important global trend – digital transformation, blockchain and artificial intelligence, which allow uniting the efforts of authorities, corporations and citizens to solve many environmental and social problems that stand in the way of sustainable development of all mankind. Today, there is a great opportunity to take advantage of the post-pandemic period to accelerate recovery, including social recovery, and increase business resilience through innovation.

Annotation: The article investigates the features of information cascade modeling of information transmission processes in communication systems. The key and distinctive features of the design cascade model and the information cascade model of network processes are highlighted. It is shown that information cascade modeling reflects the integrative process of data transmission as a commutation of information and communication processes. The information cascade in the network environment is considered as a result of the synergistic action of information flows. The dif- ference between the information cascade of the social environment and the technical communication environment is shown. It is noted that the cascade in the social environment is an effort of information influence of agents on consumers. The information cascade in the technical communication environment is considered as a dynamic hier- archy of transmitted content, which has the property of emergence. It is shown that the information cascade model makes it possible to create a tool for studying such factors as information diffusion and the forming of an informa- tion cascade in communication systems. The highlighted features of information cascade modeling of information transmission processes in communication systems provide an expanded understanding of the subject of research in the creation of network systems and technologies and lead to a clarification of the concept of their development.

Annotation: The article discusses some features of the qualification of murder committed in a state of affect. The main objective and subjective features of this composition are considered, which serve to qualify the act in question in accordance with the criminal law norm. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the characterization of affect as a special feature of the corpus delicti. The establishment of this feature is particularly relevant due to the fact that affect is a mitigating circumstance provided for by the disposition of Article 107 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In the course of the research, both general scientific and private methods of cognition were used. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using the main provisions of the study in the qualification of the considered corpus delicti and in the further development of the problems of criminal prosecution for murder in a state of affect.

Annotation: The article describes the experience of creation of a data model of the information system of state (municipal) property management, which ensures the sustainability of the database structure in the conditions of variability of the feature space. The effectiveness of the application of a systematic approach in the formulation of initial methodological positions in the construction of a data model of a complex information system is demonstrated. The article provides a detailed analysis of the structure of the state address register, identifies and demonstrates by examples the systemic signs of violations in the database. Within the framework of existing methodologies and tools for domain-oriented database design, a methodology has been created to increase the degree of database normalization by phasing out systemic signs of violations in the database. An approach to expanding the structure of the state address register based on the exclusion of multi-purpose columns, multi-purpose tables, redundant data, multi-valued columns is proposed. Methods of implementing flexibility schemes that do not use multi-purpose hierarchical entities are discussed. The examples demonstrate the methodological techniques used to increase the degree of normalization of the database in cases where the terms of the source documents are uncertain and/or contradictory.

Annotation: The subject of the study is the financial and economic sustainability of the region, which is a prerequisite for the further development of the regional system in the context of Western sanctions and other external threats. The study is aimed at assessing the financial sustainability of a particular region based on the system of indicators developed by the author. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the assessment and a sustainable relationship between indicators and elements of financial sustainability. Scientific novelty lies in the forming of a system of indicators that make it possible to assess the financial sustainability of the subject of the Russian Federation. An assessment of the financial and economic sustainability of the Ryazan region in accordance with the author’s approach is presented. An integrated approach to ensuring the sustainability of the region is outlined with the designation of specific tools and directions for the development of territories. The experience of ensuring the sustainability of the Ryazan region, based on the principles of inter-territorial interaction, in modern conditions of external threats, is presented. Scientific and practical significance lies in the versatility and accessibility of use for assessing the sustainability of the region of the author’s scorecard.

Annotation: Effective urbanization serves as a pivotal indicator for advancing socio-economic development. While developed nations have realized this objective successfully, propelled by advancements in the electrical sector, South Asian countries face hindrances, primarily limited access to electricity. This study delves into the impact of government policies on electricity concerning urban development, utilizing panel data spanning from 1996 to 2021. Apply- ing the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) regression method, the research discerns electricity’s substantial influence on the urbanization process in South Asian countries. Additionally, it uncovers the positive correlation between government expenditures and urban development, despite the detrimental effects of government employees’ ef- ficiency and monetary policies. These detriments are linked to skill shortages, corruption, and inadequate future development planning. To facilitate urbanization progress, South Asian governments must prioritize enhancing electricity access, improving employee efficiency, and adjusting monetary policies. This strategic approach can pave the way for accelerated urban development and comprehensive socio-economic growth.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the organization of psychological support for the professional development of students studying in the direction of “Psychological and pedagogical education”. The analysis of the possibilities of the psychological laboratory as a system tool of personal and professional development of students in the conditions of the organization of higher education is carried out. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the work of the psychological laboratory are presented, its role in promoting the forming of competitive, readyto- solve practical tasks in the upcoming professional activity of teachers-psychologists is revealed. The article systematizes the priority areas of work of the psychological laboratory: the development of effective communication skills, the development of tools for working in the field of child-parent relations, mastering technologies for setting and implementing goals, as well as the basics of psychological counseling. A range of areas of particular relevance for future teachers-psychologists and expanding the scope of tasks facing the staff of the psychological laboratory is outlined. It is shown that the systematic innovative, educational and educational activities of the psychological laboratory contribute to the forming of a scientific, methodological and practical foundation that provides psychological support for the development of a student’s personality.

Annotation: The subject of research in this article is the criminal procedure function, its concept and content. The main purpose of the study is the analysis of such a category of criminal procedural law as a criminal and procedural function. In order to achieve this goal, it seems necessary to identify the historical stages of the forming and development of the institution of criminal procedural function, the approaches of legal doctrine to the definition of the concept and content of the criminal procedural function, the essential characteristics of the institution under study, allowing to distinguish it from other criminal legal phenomena. The author’s judgments regarding the definition of the content and concept of criminal procedural function are substantiated. Various methods of cognition were used, including the historical method, the method of analysis and synthesis. In the course of the study the author comes to the conclusion that the content of the criminal procedure function and its inherent features are determined differently by scholars on legal procedure, which remains relevant from the point of view of modern legal doctrine.

Annotation: The problem of implementing the chosen model of socio-economic policy of the state is relevant today, which determines the need to study foreign experience in this area. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of the implementation system of the socio-economic policy model of China, as an example of a state with the highest rates of economic growth. The main method of research is the analysis of predicting and planning documents defining the content of China’s socio-economic policy, as well as the features of building direct and feedback channels between all elements of the system. As a result of the conducted research, the features of the implementation system of the socio-economic policy model of China are formulated, with the clarification of the features in the field of forecasting and planning, and the specifics of communication channels between the elements of the socio-economic policy implementation system are highlighted. The formulated results of the study can be used to improve the system of implementation of the model of socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation. The significance of the presented work lies in the study of foreign experience in building an effective system for implementing the chosen model of socio-economic policy of the state.

Annotation: The modern development of the agro-industrial complex of the country is inextricably linked with the transition to innovative technologies using high-performance machines and equipment. Under the conditions of sanctions restrictions in the field of production of means of production, a significant transformation is taking place for the entire agricultural sector of the economy, in which priority is directed to the radical reconstruction of existing enterprises and the construction of new plants. The article describes the existing conditions of functioning and ways to improve the material and technological base of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, taking into account the historical experience of privatization of fixed assets at the initial stage of reforming the tractor industry. The main indicators of the provision of domestic agriculture with tractors and other machine-building products are analyzed. The assessment of the dependence of the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the import of machinery and equipment from Western countries is presented. The cyclical nature of agricultural development requires the adoption of a system of measures to eliminate the resulting imbalances between imports and exports. The role of the state in investment and regulatory services of business entities is presented. Separate directions of development of material and technological base on the basis of import substitution and more rational use of own resources of rural economy growth are considered.

Annotation: The article explores the morphology and semantics of information figurative models. A new interpretation is introduced into the concepts of “morphology” and “semantics” by establishing a connection between them for a certain type of models. The difference between the morphology of information figurative models and the morphological box and F. Zwicke’s approach is considered. The article develops the idea that morphology and semantics complement each other in figurative information models. The analysis of content and form as the ba- sis of semantics and morphology is carried out. From the standpoint of morphology, the content of uncertainty and fuzziness of information figurative models is revealed. The idea is developing that morphology is a formal characteristic, and semantics is an actual characteristic. It is shown that the structure of the model for abstract situations is formally a morphological indicator. It is noted that there are other situations for which the structure characterizes related semantics and morphology. In these cases, morphological modeling changes the semantics. A figurative analysis of certainty and uncertainty and the concept of “polysemy” is given. Conceptual mixing is considered, a number of procedures for this type of semantic modeling are given. It is noted that semantic and morphological modeling are related for figurative information models. The results of the methodological research are aimed at developing a systematic approach to the development of semantic figurative models in the information field.

Annotation: Responding to the challenges of a changing educational environment and meeting the needs of a new generation of university students, a foreign language teacher is in constant search of relevant didactic tools and technologies. The problem of the cognitive activity reducing of university students of non-linguistic majors in the study of foreign languages remains unresolved. Being a quality of an individual and an important incentive for learning, cognitive activity has a direct impact on the educational process and its result. This justifies the relevance of the research. Choosing the Telegram-channel as a technique for stimulating cognitive activity, the authors rely on studies of the socio-psychological characteristics of Generation Z students, their interests and life strategies. The authors pay special attention on the types of content and ways of presenting information in the Telegram-channel of the educational language group. The practical significance of the research lies in the reflection of the pedagogical experience of the Telegram-channel integration into the educational process, as well as the possibility of using the presented specific types of publications to stimulate the cognitive activity of students in the context of language disciplines.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of optimizing the execution plans of analytical SQL queries using machine learning. Currently, none of the popular database management systems (DBMS) uses an optimizer based on machine learning. At the same time, it is machine learning that can solve the known problems of standard optimizers used in most modern DBMS. In this work, the disadvantages of existing approaches to planning analytical SQL queries are considered in detail. There is a lack of research on the use of well-known machine learning-based approaches to optimizing SQL queries in analytical databases. The relevance of solving the problem of optimizing SQL query execution plans for massively parallel column-based DBMS is shown. The paper provides a justification for the choice of specific methods based on machine learning. The modifications made are described, in particular, an approach to the selection of execution plans for analytical SQL queries based on the collection of a training sample and the selection of target values is proposed. The problem of implementing a machine learning-based approach is considered. Possible problems with the training of the model and its operation in fundamentally new situations arising during training are highlighted. The ways of their solution are proposed. Original experiments have been carried out with various methods of optimizing SQL queries in relation to a massively parallel column DBMS. It is shown that the proposed modifications of existing solutions significantly improve the speed of query execution.

Annotation: In thirty years, modern China has evolved from an agrarian country to a dynamic digital power. During this time, the digital transformation has affected various domains of Chinese society, thus drawing the attention of experts from all over the world. However, there is still no consensus in economic scholarship on how to assess China’s digital economy model, which makes it difficult to perceive it holistically. The article considers and summarizes the main methodologies for assessing China’s digital economy. An attempt is made to summarize the characteristics and features of the Chinese digital economy model at the present stage. Applying both quantitative and qualitative methods of comparative analysis, the author concludes that the evolution of China’s model of digital economy suffers from the “developmental disease” and faces many of the difficulties typical of developing countries. At the same time, it seems that the Chinese experience of planning and managing the digitalization of economy may be useful for Russia when considering the issue of shifting to the sixth technological mode of economy.

Annotation: This article examines the problems faced by Russian enterprises when implementing digital technologies, as well as possible prospects for their solution. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for competitiveness and development of the Russian economy in a rapidly changing global market. The article provides an overview of the problems of the introduction of digital technologies, such as the need to adapt business processes, lack of qualified personnel and insufficient funding. In addition, the described problems were systematized in the table for their further elimination by implementing the measures proposed in the article. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the author reviewed the works of various authors in identifying promising areas for the development of Russian industry using digital technologies based on the analysis of problematic aspects of this issue. The article provides recommendations for solving the identified problems, such as increasing funding for science and the development of human resources, involving employees in the process of digitalization, as well as improving the efficiency of enterprises using digital technologies.

Annotation: The article discusses the problems of promoting goods and services during the period of overcoming continuous information flows, and managing consumer behavior through effective communication methods, in particular sto- rytelling. This toolkit simplifies and dynamizes the target group’s perception of messages intended for it, and also helps to prolong their lifespan. The article analyzes current practices of communication with consumers services using storytelling technology and identifies important components that increase the effectiveness of the method, such as: application of consumer behavior trends; focus on authenticity and interactivity of content, use of digital storytelling technologies, etc. The authors also determined which strategic tasks Russian business should use digital storytelling technologies to solve. To achieve the result, the works of various researchers were reviewed to identify promising directions for the development of this technology. The authors also applied methods of systematization and generalization of existing experience on the topic of research and methods of theoretical and practical analysis.

Annotation: This study considers the metaphors used in the Russian and Chinese worldviews to characterize the teaching profession. The purpose of the work is the presentation of the diachronic and synchronic analysis of the metaphorical portrait of the teacher, starting with the works of Ya.A. Komenskiy to the present day, as well as the results of an empirical study of the reflective potential of the portrait of a teacher in the process of educating foreign language teachers. The article analyzes the views not only on the positive aspects of the teacher’s activity, but also critically examines his/her possible negative impact on the development of the personality of students. In the empirical part, the emphasis is on the results of a survey of foreign language teachers who have taken refresher courses in this area. The results of the study demonstrate the versatility of the concept of “teacher” in the Russian and Chinese worldviews, as well as the variability of respondents’ opinions regarding the role of the teacher in the modern model of teacher training. The results obtained can be interpreted for further projecting of a program for the professional development of foreign language teachers.

Annotation: The study of the directions of digital technologies influence on the transformation of business processes is undoubtedly relevant at the present time. The 21st century is the century of digital technologies in the socio-economic development of society. The introduction of digital technologies has spread to all sectors of the economy, without any exception. Digitalization, as a new form of economy, leads to a significant transformation of business processes, their transformation, an increase in the volume and speed of data transfer, which improves the quality and relevance of management decisions. The ability of organizations to quickly restructure their current business model to meet the demands of the digital economy is an important competitive advantage. The purpose of the article is to study the role of digitalization in economic development, the ability of organizations to transform existing business processes in accordance with new economic requirements. The results of the study showed that digitalization is the driving force behind the development of modern business, because, first, it gives a clear incentive for the development of the company, second, it removes the restrictions on obtaining large amounts of data, and third, it requires the introduction of innovations at the institutional level.

Annotation: Currently, transformer-based transfer learning methods are used to solve natural language processing problems, but they can be demanding on computing resources and memory. An alternative approach proposed in this article is related to the use of a pre-trained language model based on the recurrent neural network LSTM (Long Short- Term Memory), which allows natural language processing (tonality analysis) to be performed on a set containing text data. As a reference test of the proposed model for solving the problem of recognizing the “hate speech” in the text, other models based on transformers are considered. The degradation test, which evaluates the resilience of models to performance degradation with a decrease in the amount of training data, confirms the effectiveness of the model for a limited training dataset. The proposed LSTM model based on a recurrent neural network allows us to use a pre-trained language model from scratch and provide faster pre-learning in transformer-based models.

Annotation: The article describes the comparative effectiveness of automated credit risk assessment by modern machine learning methods (Naive Bayes classifier, k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, “random forest” and deep neural network). A database was modeled from available open sources, samples were made, and data was preprocessed. Machine learning models have been trained and tested, and compared by quality metrics. Based on the test results, the parameters of the machine learning model were optimized by a complete search of combinations of statistical models (rule-based method, k-nearest neighbor method, logistic regression, discriminant analysis, naive Bayes classifier, neural networks and decision trees). Each of the traditional classifiers (naive Bayes classifier, k-nearest neighbor method, logistic regression, “random forest”, deep neural network) was improved with the use of standardization mechanisms and dimensionality reduction by the principal component method. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of machine learning models, the best result was demonstrated by a neural network model with optimized parameters, which provided the best indicators for all evaluation metrics.

Annotation: Currently, there is a process of global redistribution of capital flows in favor of markets that ensure the promotion of sustainable development goals, and the consideration in corporate strategies of factors related to responsible attitude to the environment, high social responsibility, proper quality of corporate governance (together: ESG) is analyzed by market agents and evaluated from the point of view of the ability of corporations to create long-term value. The scientific and methodological problem lies in the fact that currently the methodological apparatus related to the assessment of the effectiveness of management decisions made in terms of the implementation of ESG projects and their impact on the value of the corporation is insufficiently developed. The article is devoted to the technology of valuation and value-based management, taking into account environmental, social and corporate governance factors in harmony with the factors of the economic nature of the corporation’s activities, which formulates the goal of creating sustainable corporate value.

Annotation: The article examines the problem of information security of smart systems. The level of digitalization of smart systems is continuously increasing and vulnerability factors and threats are changing accordingly. Therefore, the information protection process needs to be continuously improved. The purpose of the work is to systematize the threats and vulnerabilities of modern systems of smart things, to develop recommendations for improving their information security. The systematics of threats to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless technologies is presented. An example of vulnerabilities of a smart system when using Wi-Fi technology is considered. The typological series of Wi-Fi technology is presented, which is created according to the degree of the transmitted information security growth. The threats and vulnerabilities of the technology when using specific Wi-Fi network protection protocols are shown. The example shows that information threats appear not only because of the vulnerabilities of wireless information transmission technology, but also because of the technological features of the use of this technology in other systems, including “smart things”. A comparison is made of the security of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies based on the use of the modern WPA3 protocol. Recommendations have been developed for the transmission of confidential information via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth channels.

Annotation: The development of information technology and the penetration of digital innovations into various areas of business change the operating conditions of enterprises significantly. Data analysis, automation of production processes, implementation of artificial intelligence and the Internet of things – all these aspects require a new approach to business process management. The purpose of the work is to study the directions of digitalization of business processes of production systems, select directions for their restructuring and develop an algorithm for restructuring business processes. The study was conducted using qualitative analysis and modeling methods. In the article, the authors emphasize that the digitalization of enterprises is a process that affects all aspects of modern business. According to the authors, business process restructuring is becoming an important tool for adapting and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises. The authors determined that the restructuring of business processes is a necessary measure for the effective use of new technologies, including a review of the organizational structure, the introduction of digital platforms and management tools, as well as staff training. The article proposes an algorithm for restructuring business processes in the context of digitalization, and also models first-level business decisions at enterprises in the DMN notation, which makes it possible to present a description of the key stages of decision-making. The criteria for optimizing enterprise business processes in the context of digitalization are determined, and the main directions for optimizing enterprise communication business processes are outlined. The authors draw a conclusion about the need to use the DMN approach, with the help of which it is possible to identify those business processes of enterprises that need to be optimized in the context of digitalization.

Annotation: The article describes the state and development of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of physical culture and sports management were carried out using methods of extrapolation, system analysis and comparison. The article highlights typical problems and shortcomings of the development of sports using the Karaganda region as an example. In addition, the study points out a discrepancy in the development of structural components of both mass sports and high perfomance sports at the level of the Karaganda region. It is concluded that effective management of physical culture and sports can be achieved with a cluster approach that can link all components of sports and ensure their proportional development. As a result of the study, the authors identified factors that influence the development of youth policy in the field of physical culture and sports. A trend model has been created based on projected values of the indicator “Sport services and services for organizing recreational activities” from 2022 to 2024. The model made it possible to, first, identify the trend towards an increase in demand for sport services and recreation services in the Republic of Kazakhstan and, second, to identify possible directions for improving the mechanisms of the development of physical culture and sports.

Annotation: In today’s global digital environment, commercial organizations are digitally transforming themselves to remain competitive and increase their success. However, digitalization is a rather complex process. According to consulting companies less than 30 percent of companies’ strategic digital initiatives are successful. At the same time, reasonable and rationally conducted digitalization can have a positive impact on financial metrics. The purpose of the article is to consider the management system of digital transformations of a commercial organization using an integrated structural and functional approach involving the allocation of system elements and the connections between them. The paper outlines certain theoretical provisions of the approach, which are important for the commercial organization management. The analysis of digital transformation practices showed the lack of this process thoughtfulness. Sometimes companies ignore both the individual elements of the management system (e.g., objectives, strategy), and their connections. The study substantiates the need to construct a management system for digital transformations of a commercial organization based on an integrated structural and functional approach, and also presents the corresponding author’s management model.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to find effective methods for teaching philosophical disciplines aimed at overcoming educational demotivation and skepticism of students regarding humanitarian knowledge. Modern students are characterized by a pragmatic approach, evaluating information from the point of view of usefulness and applied significance, which is why it is important for a teacher to have a set of tools that allow them to reveal the vital, existential meaning of abstract problems of philosophy and logic, which are not actually divorced from human needs and demands of everyday life. The object of the research is the didactic features of familiarizing students (non-philosophical areas of education) with the main content of the university disciplines “Philosophy” and “Logic” as general education courses. The subject of the study is the didactic specificity of the study of the famous paradoxes of Zeno of Elea, which as a teaching material are in the semantic field of both philosophical and logical problems. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the heuristic and educational potential of the chosen topic and the practical significance of its study at a university from the point of view of the forming of positive cognitive motivation, the development of critical, multidimensional and creative thinking of students, self-actualization and self-knowledge. The research methods are empirical generalization, conclusions by analogy, deductively and inductively constructed conclusions, idealization, abstraction, thought experiment and comparative analysis. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the substantiation of the position that virtually any material from general university courses of philosophy and logic, with appropriate didactic construction, design and presentation, can be a factor in increasing the level of cognitive interest of students and a stimulus for self-actualization of personality. The scope of application of the research results is world outlook and philosophical heuristics, logical paradoxology, effective didactic strategies and diverse educational interactions not only in higher but also in secondary school.

Annotation: The article is devoted to contemporary issues in the process of state property management. The relevance of the study is determined by the unresolved number of issues in the organization of relations between subjects of state property management, accounting and efficiency of state property management. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of state property management and measures to solve them. The methods of the research are the analysis of the legal and organizational foundations of state property management and their comparison with the actual results of this management. In the course of the analysis of regulatory legal documents defining the process of state property management, including its accounting, the authors formulated a number of issues in the field of regulatory and legal management. Separately, according to the results of the analysis of official data, issues were identified in the field of accounting for state property and the formation of non-tax revenues of the federal budget from its management. Recommendations are made on the need to improve the process of planning non-tax revenues of the federal budget from the management of federal property. The main directions of improvement of the process of state property management are defined.

Annotation: The article explores spatial modeling associated with the construction of virtual landscapes. A virtual landscape is considered, which can describe either a real landscape or a scene of animated applications. The purpose of the work is to develop a technology for generating virtual landscapes, allowing to increase the reality of their representation with the prospect of application for training and game situations. The article considers voxelization technology, which is an alternative to pixelization technology in the construction of three-dimensional models. It is shown that the voxel is a kind of information unit. Three main components of the virtual landscape generation are described: the construction of elevation maps, noise generation, and the forming of virtual surfaces. The expediency of using fractal models to generate a virtual landscape is shown. The expediency of using fractal Brownian motion as a noise algorithm is shown. The systematics of algorithms for the forming of virtual surfaces is given. A technology is proposed that includes an adaptive module for procedural generation of virtual surfaces using the voxelization method and volumetric data. The results of an experiment are presented, during which a module was developed that clarifies the well-known Marching Cubes algorithm and gives a more realistic description of the virtual landscape.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of the potential for the use of digital technologies in the organization of social and labor relations in the field of housing and communal services (HCS) at the industry level. It is shown that such types of end-to-end technologies as artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, blockchain and big data systems have the greatest potential for implementation in the processes of organizing social and labor relations. Their integrated implementation at the industry level will allow optimizing and automating labor and social processes in labor collectives at housing and communal services enterprises. The use of digital technologies will ensure the transformation of social and labor relations in the process of setting a labor task for an employee, monitoring the quality and timeliness of its implementation, will form a public rating of both an individual employee and the housing and communal services enterprise as a whole, and will also optimize organizational processes towards their automation, increase transparency of relations in the labor collective and reduction of the risk of opportunistic behavior. The active distribution of smart contracts should transform qualitatively the existing system of interaction between an employee and an employer in the housing and communal services sector and automate the wage system.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problem of the development of marketplaces as the most important segment of e- commerce, for which the search for a more complete use of the opportunities of digital transformation is relevant. The purpose of this study is to show the features of entrepreneurial activity of marketplaces, as a specific segment of e-commerce, and to outline directions for its further development in the context of digital transformation. During the research, materials from official statistics, sample observations, expert assessments, as well as meth- ods of comparative analysis and groupings were used. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that it is shown how, under the influence of digital transformation, marketplaces acquire the features of digital platforms that provide a higher level of complexity of the online services offered, which leads to an increase in the number of consumers, partners and sellers. The growth in the volume and share of marketplaces in the e-commerce market creates conditions for a transition from the implementation of individual operations by internal services to the use of autonomous specialized business structures that form a unique infrastructure for the segment. The process of digital transformation in e-commerce is at the initial stage of its formation, therefore a transition from the introduction of individual technologies to the creation of functional services, identification and scaling of the most successful practices, and the development of methodological approaches to assessing their effectiveness are necessary, which is of great practical importance.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the analysis of a new conceptual vision of sustainable development, presented as a socio-cultural phenomenon and the subject of interdisciplinary consideration. The purpose of the publication is to identify current trends characterizing the current vision of the movement towards sustainable development in the information age through a non-classical, environmentally oriented view of culture and its translation, including through education. It is established that presently culture as a phenomenon of the artificial in its traditional purpose is expanding towards the “first nature” and biological. This is facilitated by cross-cutting system initiatives introduced into everyday life, for example, the New European Bauhaus. From a worldview point of view, such paradigms lead public consciousness to a total readjustment to the biological dominant in education, as opposed to the artificial/technical priorities established in the last century. It is shown that from an applied point of view, the New European Bauhaus contributes to the formation of an ecological style/lifestyle. It is revealed that in the paradigm of sustainable development, the unity of education and culture acquires new facets in response to the challenges of the era. The obtained results provide an opportunity for an original interpretation of the significance of feedbacks between the European green course and education at all levels.

Annotation: The article is devoted to passive information systems used to identify remote objects in the infrared infrared wavelengths based on calculated thermal signatures. It is noted that the objective characteristic of an object free from the influence of background radiation is thermal contrast. However, in order to identify thermal objects, it is often important to obtain not integral estimates of the IR signature of an object, but the spatial structure of this signature on the observed surface. In such cases, the main information feature for identifying the type of object is precisely the two-dimensional distribution law determined by the surface temperature, and not the integral indicator of the radiative flux emitted by the object. A method for analyzing the temperature distribution on the surface of a remote object, forming equal temperature zones on the image and using the results of processing the received information is proposed to identify the object. In order to form these zones (layers, segments), a base element is selected and a comparator is used to compare the image elements, which reduces processing time by eliminating the selection operations of image elements of equal temperature.

Annotation: The authors of the article propose comprehensive measures to improve one of the most important state integrated systems – SAS “Upravlenie”, in terms of strategic planning provision. An objective analysis of the functionality of the above system is carried out. The main coordination processes of the portal are considered, and a number of relevant problems are identified that have a direct impact on the organization of socio-economic development monitoring and the organization of regional strategic planning (forecasting). The article substantiates the expected organizational and economic effects in the implementation of the proposed activities in the daily work of the participants in the integrated system, namely the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Kamchatka Krai), local governments, as well as territorial departments of federal government bodies. The main results of the study is: reducing the cost of manual labor, saving time on the development and updating of strategic planning documents in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as improving its quality and accuracy.

Annotation: This article discusses the problems and preferential opportunities for the development of tourism and hotel business in the market conditions, considering the realities of today. The role and importance of tourism and the hospitality industry in the country’s economy are emphasized. The negative factors decelerating the development of the hospitality industry, such as the instability of political and economic situations, as well as natural and environmental disasters in the countries of the world community, are noted. The article briefly presents an analytical overview of the development of the tourism business at the international level, before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. The negative consequences of the epidemic for the economies of the countries of the world are noted. The authors consider the main indicators for a number of years characterizing the development of the tourism and hotel business in Kazakhstan. The analysis of the dynamics of the volume of tourist flow, the number of placements, occupancy of hotels, etc. is presented. Based on the assessment of the current state and identification of problems of development of these areas of business, their prospects for development are outlined.

Annotation: The purpose of research consists in substantiation of interconnection of digital culture and informational com- petence as didactic objects in 2020s. The main research method is descriptive and differential analysis touching upon social, communicative and educational aspects of digital-epoch personality development. Basing on this the authors highlight digital culture components taking into account the specificities of the present-day informa- tion environment outlining thus their interconnection with competence-related qualities. The novelty of research consists in viewing comparatively poorly analyzed phenomenon counterbalancing informational competence. It also consists in revealing axiological and worldviewing vectors of personality’s digital behavior. The basic nature of digital culture in relation to information competence as a local didactic unit is demonstrated. As a result, the essential and meaningful similarities and differences of the studied phenomena are highlighted and promising information and pedagogical directions for the study of this problem are proposed. The authors come to conclusions about the possibility of effective development of information competence based on understand- ing and actualizing the more complex essence of digital culture, the components of which lie beyond the purely functional qualities realized by a modern person in everyday information activities.

Annotation: The relevance of the issue is determined by the need to find effective methods for teaching philosophical disciplines aimed at overcoming educational demotivation and skepticism of students regarding humanitarian knowledge. Modern students are characterized by a pragmatic approach, evaluating information from the point of view of usefulness and applied significance, which is why it is important for a teacher to have a set of tools that allow them to reveal the vital, existential meaning of abstract problems of philosophy and logic, which are not actually divorced from human needs and demands of everyday life. The object of the research is the didactic features of familiarizing students (non-philosophical areas of training) with the main content of the university disciplines “Philosophy” and “Logic” as general education courses. The subject of the study is the didactic specificity of the study of the famous aporias of Zeno of Elea, which as a teaching material are in the semantic field of both philosophical and logical problems. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the heuristic and educational potential of the chosen topic and the practical significance of its study at a university from the point of view of the formation of positive cognitive motivation, the development of critical, multidimensional and creative thinking of students, self-actualization and self-knowledge. The research methods are empirical generalization, conclusions by analogy, deductively and inductively constructed conclusions, idealization, abstraction, thought experiment and comparative analysis. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the substantiation of the position that virtually any material from general university courses of philosophy and logic, with appropriate didactic construction, design and presentation, can be a factor in increasing the level of cognitive interest of students and a stimulus for self-actualization of personality. The scope of application of the research results is world outlook and philosophical heuristics, logical paradoxology, effective didactic strategies and diverse educational interactions not only in higher but also in secondary school.

Annotation: The academic discipline “Philosophy” is currently being studied by students of all universities, institutes, faculties, directions and profiles of training in the higher education system. Whereas the discipline “Logic”, which comes fr om philosophical knowledge and can be considered as one of the sections of philosophy, is not studied everywhere as a separate course – in various educational programs and curricula, unlike “Philosophy”, it will rather be absent than present. Wh ere it is present, it is studied as formal logic – the science of the correct construction of thoughts in reasoning. Meanwhile, it is not uncommon to hear about dialectical logic. What is it? Surprisingly, despite the term “logic” in this phrase, dialectical logic is one of the themes of philosophy, but not logic in its formal or traditional sense. It is possible that not every representative of philosophical knowledge and teacher of logic and philosophy will undertake the work of a popular and clear explanation of what dialectical logic is, why it is a branch of philosophy and actually has nothing to do with logic as such, or with formal logic. The question arises – how is it possible to demand from students studying a philosophy course an adequate knowledge of this issue? It is possible, of course, in the course of philosophy, to bypass it. However, if we still include it in the main content of the discipline – because of its importance and didactic attractiveness – in terms of the implementation of educational and developmental learning goals, then how can we clearly and intelligibly explain this material to students, in both substance and form? The article is devoted to this pedagogical, psychological, didactic, methodological, as well as philosophical and logical question to no lesser extent.

Annotation: The article describes the relevant socio-philosophical problem of preventing and overcoming modern value and meaning conflicts. Conflicts of belief are activated in times of crisis and are powerful sources of destructive processes, thus modern professionals need to have the knowledge and skills to identify this kind of conflict situations and analyze them systematically. Modern social and practical philosophy offers three philosophical and methodological grounds for such analysis: first, the distinction between private beliefs and universal knowledge, which are coercive to rational beings. Second, the recognition of different beliefs and convictions as having an equal right to coexist peacefully in a modern democratic society and a state governed by the rule of law, since they cannot claim objective truth and superiority over one another. Third, contemporary beliefs should be consistent with applicable legal laws, and therefore they should not contradict the constitutional rights and freedoms of all citizens of the country, and at the same time should allow for mutual respect for other legitimate beliefs. The article presents two bases of mutually respectful attitudes – pragmatic (economic and legal) and general moral (humanistic and ecocentric), the forming of which should be included in the content of modern socio-humanitarian disciplines.

Annotation: The article examines the issues of legislative and statutory regulations of the requirements for building a system of internal control of business entities. Attention is drawn to the difference in levels and subjects of regulation, the complexity of applying regulatory requirements to the conditions of medium and small nonpublic companies. A comparative analysis of the requirements composition for the creation of the internal control system in the regulatory documents of various regulatory bodies is presented. Possible models of such internal control system organization for companies of various levels of business and organizational and legal forms are considered. In particular, for large public companies, medium-sized private companies and small business entities. Attention is drawn to the composition of the applied internal control instruments and their modern development and regulation. An analysis for inventory is made as a main regulated form of control measures, its significance and innovations introduced by the new federal accounting standard. In conclusion, a number of recommendations have been formulated for systematizing the legislative and regulatory framework for regulating the internal control system.

Annotation: The subject of the research in this article is approaches to understanding educational tourism. The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of educational tourism on the basis of research by Russian and foreign authors, to define the boundaries between education and tourism. The essence of the phenomenon of “educational tourism” is revealed by the author through the parameters of time, the formality of training, the educational purpose of travel, characterizing it as a product formed in order to obtain new professional knowledge, skills and competencies and deepen the existing ones, carried out outside the familiar geographic environment in the period from 24 hours to 12 months (or 6 months). The presence of educational institution is an obligatory element of it. Considering the time limits of international and domestic educational mobility, the author identifies its forms that can be classified as educational tourism. Emphasizing the importance of the conceptual foundations of this phenomenon, the author concludes that further academic research should be based on empirical data. It is necessary to study the profiles of educational tourists in more detail, develop models of complete segmentation of the educational tourism market, which will become the basis for assessing the impact of educational tourism on the economy of the host territories.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the development of the global market for music products, in particular, such of its niche as underground music. The consequences of the global transformation of the music industry of show business are considered, which was caused by the digitalization of music content, the dynamic development of streaming platforms using innovative technologies for promoting a musical product by issuing recommendations to consumers based on subscriptions, as well as quantitative indicators: views, likes and comments. The article examines the role of music labels as major players in the music market during the period 1950s–2020s. Separately, the article examines the phenomenon of successful promotion of alternative music performers into the mass segment of show business, as well as the role and marketing strategies that music labels use for this. The factors that are the root cause of this phenomenon are analyzed. The factor of chang- ing taste preferences and demands of various groups of the target audience under the influence of services for promoting music content of streaming platforms is also considered. During the study, statistical, comparative and comparative-historical methods, synthesis, induction and deduction were used.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the issues of building ground-based networks for collecting information about aerosol pollution of coastal zones, taking into account the wind speed from sea to shore. The methodology of the study provides for taking into account the following main influencing factors of the coastal zone: wind speed in the “sea-shore” direction, distance from the shore, exponential decrease in the optical thickness of the coastal sea aerosol at a distance from the coastline to the land. The optimization problem of choosing the distance of the location of the photometer depending on the wind speed is formulated and solved in the article. A formula is given for calculating the distance from the coastline at which the average value of the measuring signal over a certain range of permissible wind speeds reaches a minimum value. The main conclusion of the study is the established fact that there are optimal ratios of influencing factors of the coastal zone, which should be taken into account when constructing and using technical means of collecting information and monitoring the state of the atmosphere in coastal zones. The results obtained can be applied in the construction of meteorological networks and stations for monitoring atmospheric pollution in coastal zones.